scholarly journals The Non-Uniform and Asymmetric Thermal Radiation upon the Human Physiological Responses in Outdoor Environment

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihito Kurazumi ◽  
Kenta Fukagawa ◽  
Tomonori Sakoi ◽  
Ariya Aruninta ◽  
Ken Yamashita
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Thermal Radiation ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Short Wavelength ◽  
The Body ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Thermal Manikin ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Mean Skin Temperature ◽  
The Mean

Depending on human body conditions and environmental conditions, it is sometimes difficult to conduct subject experiments. In such cases, it is effective to use a thermal manikin. There are few studies that investigate the effect of the non-uniform and asymmetric outdoor thermal environment on the mean skin temperature. The purpose of this study is to clarify the influence of the non-uniform and asymmetric thermal radiation of short-wavelength solar radiation in an outdoor environment on the calculation of the mean skin temperature. The skin temperature of the front of the coronal surface, which was facing the sun and where the body received direct short-wavelength solar radiation, and the skin temperature of the rear of the coronal surface, which was in the shadow and did not receive direct short-wavelength solar radiation were respectively measured. The feet, upper arm, forearm, hand and lower leg, which are susceptible to short-wavelength solar radiation in a standing posture, had a noticeable difference in skin temperature between sites in the sun and in shade. The mean skin temperature of sites facing the sun was significantly higher than the mean skin temperature of those in the shade.

Human thermoregulatory responses during cold water immersion after artificially induced sunburn

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (4) ◽  
pp. R617-R623 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. B. Pandolf ◽  
R. W. Gange ◽  
W. A. Latzka ◽  
I. H. Blank ◽  
A. J. Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Esophageal Temperature ◽  
Mean Skin Temperature ◽  
Thermoregulatory Responses ◽  
The Mean

Thermoregulatory responses during cold-water immersion (water temperature 22 degrees C) were compared in 10 young men before as well as 24 h and 1 wk after twice the minimal erythemal dose of ultraviolet-B radiation that covered approximately 85% of the body surface area. After 10 min of seated rest in cold water, the mean exercised for 50 min on a cycle ergometer (approximately 51% of maximal aerobic power). Rectal temperature, regional and mean heat flow (hc), mean skin temperature from five sites, and hearrt rate were measured continuously for all volunteers while esophageal temperature was measured for six subjects. Venous blood samples were collected before and after cold water immersion. The mean skin temperature was higher (P less than 0.05) throughout the 60-min cold water exposure both 24 h and 1 wk after sunburn compared with before sunburn. Mean hc was higher (P less than 0.05) after 10 min resting immersion and during the first 10 min of exercise when 24 h postsunburn was compared with presunburn, with the difference attributed primarily to higher hc from the back and chest. While rectal temperature and heart rate did not differ between conditions, esophageal temperature before immersion and throughout the 60 min of cold water immersion was higher (P less than 0.05) when 24 h postsunburn was compared with presunburn. Plasma volume increased (P less than 0.05) after 1 wk postsunburn compared with presunburn, whereas plasma protein concentration was reduced (P less than 0.05). After exercise cortisol was greater (P less than 0.05) 24 h postsunburn compared with either presunburn or 1 wk postsunburn.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

A new weighting system for mean surface temperature of the human body

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. L. Ramanathan
Keyword(s):  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mean Skin Temperature ◽  
Weighting System ◽  
Medial Thigh ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Thigh Temperature

On the basis of an analysis of the skin temperature data on three resting human subjects from 112 experiments, a simple weighting system for computing the mean skin temperature from observations on four areas of the body, namely, chest, arms, thighs, and legs, has been proposed. The proposed system of weighting yields mean skin temperature values identical with the elaborate Hardy-Dubois weighting formula. The value of the medial thigh temperature as an index of the mean skin temperature has also been investigated and discussed. skin temperature measurement Submitted on May 20, 1963

The significance of the coat in heat tolerance of cattle. II. Effect of solar radiation on body temperatures

1960 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 871 ◽  
Author(s):  
DF Dowling
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Hair Coat ◽  
Transparent Plastic ◽  
Mean Body Temperature ◽  
Clear Plastic ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

An experiment was performed to test the effect of solar radiation on the body temperatures of cattle, both clipped and with hair coat, in a clear transparent plastic covering as compared with cattle in a white reflective plastic covering. The mean body temperature of the animals in white plastic coats was 0.15°F lower than that of animals in clear plastic coats. This difference was highly significant statistically (P< 0.001). Animals in both clear and white coats had higher body temperatures than controls without plastic coats. The difference was highly significant, and was about 1.5°F in the clipped animals.

The Thermal Colour and the Emissivity of Printed Pigments on Knitted Fabrics for Application in Diurnal Thermal Camouflage Garments

2019 ◽  
Vol 812 ◽  
pp. 127-133
Author(s):  
Catarina Pimenta ◽  
Carla Morais ◽  
Raul Fangueiro
Keyword(s):  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Thermal Manikin ◽  
Climatic Chamber ◽  
Thermal Tests ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Thermal Imaging Camera ◽  
Thermal Images ◽  
Imaging Camera

This work compares thermal colour and emissivity of different pigments printed on to two types of jersey knitted fabrics (cotton and polyester). In order to analyze and differentiate the thermal colours of the knitted fabrics samples, diurnal and nocturnal thermal images of a female body were captured in an outdoor environment using a thermal imaging camera. Five pigments (white, black, yellow, magenta and cyan blue) were analyzed in a conditioned environment, simulating atmospheric (diurnal/nocturnal) and skin temperature, using a climatic chamber, a thermal manikin and a thermal imaging camera. The thermal tests allowed identifying the thermal colour of the printed pigments for application in the diurnal thermal camouflage garments.

The Effects of Bundling on Infant Temperature

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 669-673
Author(s):  
Geeta Grover ◽  
Carol D. Berkowitz ◽  
Marita Thompson ◽  
Lynne Berry ◽  
James Seidel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Mean Skin Temperature ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test ◽  
The Mean

Objective. To determine whether bundling elevates rectal and/or skin temperature of young infants. Design. Randomized, prospective study stratified by age. Setting. Clinical Studies Center at a teaching hospital in Los Angeles. Patients. Sixty-four well, full-term infants (ages 11 to 95 days). Interventions. Control infants (n = 28) were dressed in a disposable diaper and terry coveralls. Bundled infants (n = 36) were dressed as control infants, plus a cap, a receiving blanket, and a thermal blanket. All infants were monitored in an open crib (room temperature 72° to 75°F). Rectal and skin (anterior mid-lower leg) temperatures and infant states were measured at 5-minute intervals from time 0 to 60 minutes and at 62 and 65 minutes. Results. The mean skin temperature of bundled infants increased by 2.67°C/hr; mean rectal temperature increased by 0.06°C/hr. The mean skin temperature of nonbundled infants increased by 1.5°C/hr; mean rectal temperature decreased by less than 0.01°C/hr. Comparing bundled infants to nonbundled controls, there was a significant rise in skin temperature (P = .0001) but not in rectal temperature (P &gt; .05, Wilcoxon rank sum test). The study had a power &gt; 98% to detect a rise of .5°C in rectal temperature over 60 minutes. The 95% confidence interval for the change in rectal temperature in bundled infants was -0.03 to + 0.15°C. Conclusions. Bundling a healthy infant in a temperate external environment causes an increase in skin temperature, but not in rectal temperature. Elevated rectal temperatures should therefore, rarely if ever be attributed to bundling.

Thermal comfort in relation to mean skin temperature

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. D. L. Topliff ◽  
S. D. Livingstone
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Incident Radiation ◽  
Mean Skin Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Per Se

Nude men were exposed to a range of ambient temperatures and were brought to a condition of thermal comfort by adjustment of the incident radiation. The mean skin temperature associated with comfort was found to be different for each combination of ambient temperature and incident radiation. It was evident that mean skin temperature, per se, was not a dependable criterion of thermal comfort.

ORIENTATION OF FEEDLOT BULLS WITH RESPECT TO THE SUN DURING PERIODS OF HIGH SOLAR RADIATION IN WINTER

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 809-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. W. GONYOU ◽  
W. R. STRICKLIN
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Body Orientation ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Direct Radiation ◽  
High Solar Radiation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Beef Bulls

Two experiments were conducted using yearling beef bulls to determine the relationships between body orientation and air temperature and solar radiation in winter. In exp. 1, observations were made at noon on 23 days from December to April to determine the orientation of 90 bulls as a deviation from an angle perpendicular to the sun's rays (ANG). The mean value of ANG for standing, non-eating bulls was 38.2°. In general, ANG decreased as direct radiation increased or temperature decreased. On cold sunny days, 53% of the standing bulls (n = 313) had ANG values of less than 20°, and the proportion decreased to only 31% of the bulls (n = 270)on warm cloudy days. In exp. 2, ANG was determined for 15 bulls at hourly intervals during the daylight hours on six occasions from January to April. Bulls stood closer to the perpendicular early in the day when temperatures were low, and when solar radiation was high. The results of these experiments indicated that bulls modified their body orientation to increase exposure to solar radiation on cold sunny days.

scholarly journals Thermal imaging in total knee replacement and its relation with inflammation markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 7759-7773
Author(s):  
Viney Lohchab ◽  
◽  
Jaspreet Singh ◽  
Prasant Mahapatra ◽  
Vikas Bachhal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Knee Replacement ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Knee Replacement ◽  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Mean Skin Temperature ◽  
Inflammation Markers ◽  
Relative Percentage ◽  
Total Knee ◽  
The Mean

<abstract> <p>Total knee replacement is an end-stage surgical treatment of osteoarthritis patients to improve their quality of life. The study presents a thermal imaging-based approach to assess the recovery of operated-knees. The study focuses on the potential of thermal imaging for total knee replacement and its relation with clinical inflammatory markers. A total of 20 patients with bilateral knee replacement were included for thermal imaging and serology, where data was acquired on pre-operative day and five post-operative days. To quantify the inflammation, the temperature-based parameters (like mean differential temperature, relative percentage of raised temperature) were evaluated from thermal images, while the clinically proven inflammation markers were obtained from blood samples for clinical validation. Initially, the knee region was segmented by applying the automatic method, subsequently, the mean skin temperature was calculated and investigated for a statistical relevant relationship with inflammatory markers. After surgery, the mean skin temperature was first increased (&gt;2.15 ℃ for different views) then settled to pre-operative level by 90th day. Consequently, the mean differential temperature showed a strong correlation with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (r &gt; 0.893) and C-reactive protein (r &gt; 0.955). Also, the visual profile and relative percentage of raised temperature showed promising results in quantifying the temperature changes both qualitatively and quantitatively. This study provides an automatic and non-invasive way of screening the patients for raised levels of skin temperature, which can be a sign of inflammation. Hence, the proposed temperature-based technique can help the clinicians for visual assessment of post-operative recovery of patients.</p> </abstract>

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