A simplified approach to describe the mean skin temperature variations during prolonged running exercise

2021 ◽  
pp. 103005
Author(s):  
Giovanni Tanda
Keyword(s):  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Mean Skin Temperature ◽  
Temperature Variations ◽  
Simplified Approach ◽  
Running Exercise ◽  
The Mean

The Effects of Bundling on Infant Temperature

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 669-673
Author(s):  
Geeta Grover ◽  
Carol D. Berkowitz ◽  
Marita Thompson ◽  
Lynne Berry ◽  
James Seidel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Mean Skin Temperature ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test ◽  
The Mean

Objective. To determine whether bundling elevates rectal and/or skin temperature of young infants. Design. Randomized, prospective study stratified by age. Setting. Clinical Studies Center at a teaching hospital in Los Angeles. Patients. Sixty-four well, full-term infants (ages 11 to 95 days). Interventions. Control infants (n = 28) were dressed in a disposable diaper and terry coveralls. Bundled infants (n = 36) were dressed as control infants, plus a cap, a receiving blanket, and a thermal blanket. All infants were monitored in an open crib (room temperature 72° to 75°F). Rectal and skin (anterior mid-lower leg) temperatures and infant states were measured at 5-minute intervals from time 0 to 60 minutes and at 62 and 65 minutes. Results. The mean skin temperature of bundled infants increased by 2.67°C/hr; mean rectal temperature increased by 0.06°C/hr. The mean skin temperature of nonbundled infants increased by 1.5°C/hr; mean rectal temperature decreased by less than 0.01°C/hr. Comparing bundled infants to nonbundled controls, there was a significant rise in skin temperature (P = .0001) but not in rectal temperature (P > .05, Wilcoxon rank sum test). The study had a power > 98% to detect a rise of .5°C in rectal temperature over 60 minutes. The 95% confidence interval for the change in rectal temperature in bundled infants was -0.03 to + 0.15°C. Conclusions. Bundling a healthy infant in a temperate external environment causes an increase in skin temperature, but not in rectal temperature. Elevated rectal temperatures should therefore, rarely if ever be attributed to bundling.

Thermal comfort in relation to mean skin temperature

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. D. L. Topliff ◽  
S. D. Livingstone
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Incident Radiation ◽  
Mean Skin Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Per Se

Nude men were exposed to a range of ambient temperatures and were brought to a condition of thermal comfort by adjustment of the incident radiation. The mean skin temperature associated with comfort was found to be different for each combination of ambient temperature and incident radiation. It was evident that mean skin temperature, per se, was not a dependable criterion of thermal comfort.

scholarly journals Thermal imaging in total knee replacement and its relation with inflammation markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 7759-7773
Author(s):  
Viney Lohchab ◽  
◽  
Jaspreet Singh ◽  
Prasant Mahapatra ◽  
Vikas Bachhal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Knee Replacement ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Knee Replacement ◽  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Mean Skin Temperature ◽  
Inflammation Markers ◽  
Relative Percentage ◽  
Total Knee ◽  
The Mean

<abstract> <p>Total knee replacement is an end-stage surgical treatment of osteoarthritis patients to improve their quality of life. The study presents a thermal imaging-based approach to assess the recovery of operated-knees. The study focuses on the potential of thermal imaging for total knee replacement and its relation with clinical inflammatory markers. A total of 20 patients with bilateral knee replacement were included for thermal imaging and serology, where data was acquired on pre-operative day and five post-operative days. To quantify the inflammation, the temperature-based parameters (like mean differential temperature, relative percentage of raised temperature) were evaluated from thermal images, while the clinically proven inflammation markers were obtained from blood samples for clinical validation. Initially, the knee region was segmented by applying the automatic method, subsequently, the mean skin temperature was calculated and investigated for a statistical relevant relationship with inflammatory markers. After surgery, the mean skin temperature was first increased (&gt;2.15 ℃ for different views) then settled to pre-operative level by 90th day. Consequently, the mean differential temperature showed a strong correlation with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (r &gt; 0.893) and C-reactive protein (r &gt; 0.955). Also, the visual profile and relative percentage of raised temperature showed promising results in quantifying the temperature changes both qualitatively and quantitatively. This study provides an automatic and non-invasive way of screening the patients for raised levels of skin temperature, which can be a sign of inflammation. Hence, the proposed temperature-based technique can help the clinicians for visual assessment of post-operative recovery of patients.</p> </abstract>

Human thermoregulatory responses during cold water immersion after artificially induced sunburn

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (4) ◽  
pp. R617-R623 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. B. Pandolf ◽  
R. W. Gange ◽  
W. A. Latzka ◽  
I. H. Blank ◽  
A. J. Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Esophageal Temperature ◽  
Mean Skin Temperature ◽  
Thermoregulatory Responses ◽  
The Mean

Thermoregulatory responses during cold-water immersion (water temperature 22 degrees C) were compared in 10 young men before as well as 24 h and 1 wk after twice the minimal erythemal dose of ultraviolet-B radiation that covered approximately 85% of the body surface area. After 10 min of seated rest in cold water, the mean exercised for 50 min on a cycle ergometer (approximately 51% of maximal aerobic power). Rectal temperature, regional and mean heat flow (hc), mean skin temperature from five sites, and hearrt rate were measured continuously for all volunteers while esophageal temperature was measured for six subjects. Venous blood samples were collected before and after cold water immersion. The mean skin temperature was higher (P less than 0.05) throughout the 60-min cold water exposure both 24 h and 1 wk after sunburn compared with before sunburn. Mean hc was higher (P less than 0.05) after 10 min resting immersion and during the first 10 min of exercise when 24 h postsunburn was compared with presunburn, with the difference attributed primarily to higher hc from the back and chest. While rectal temperature and heart rate did not differ between conditions, esophageal temperature before immersion and throughout the 60 min of cold water immersion was higher (P less than 0.05) when 24 h postsunburn was compared with presunburn. Plasma volume increased (P less than 0.05) after 1 wk postsunburn compared with presunburn, whereas plasma protein concentration was reduced (P less than 0.05). After exercise cortisol was greater (P less than 0.05) 24 h postsunburn compared with either presunburn or 1 wk postsunburn.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Freezing temperature of finger skin

1976 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 551-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Wilson ◽  
R. F. Goldman ◽  
G. W. Molnar
Keyword(s):  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Freezing Temperature ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Heat Of Fusion ◽  
Mean Skin Temperature ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Finger Skin

In 45 subjects, 154 frostnips of the finger were induced by cooling in air at -15 degrees C with various wind speeds. The mean supercooled skin temperature at which frostnip appeared was -9.4 degrees C. The mean skin temperature rise due to heat of fusion at ice crystallization was 5.3 degrees C.The skin temperature rose to what was termed the apparent freezing point. The relation of this point to the supercooled skin temperature was analyzed for the three wind speeds used. An apparent freezing point for a condition of no supercooling was calculated, estimating the highest temperature at which skin freezes at a given wind speed. The validity of the obtained differences in apparent freezing point was tested by an analysis of covariance. Although not statistically significant, the data suggest that the apparent freezing point with no supercooling decreases with increasing wind velocity.The highest calculated apparent freezing point at -15 degrees C and 6.8 m/swas 1.2 degrees C lower than the true freezing point for skin previously determined in brine, which is a statistically significant difference.

A new weighting system for mean surface temperature of the human body

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. L. Ramanathan
Keyword(s):  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mean Skin Temperature ◽  
Weighting System ◽  
Medial Thigh ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Thigh Temperature

On the basis of an analysis of the skin temperature data on three resting human subjects from 112 experiments, a simple weighting system for computing the mean skin temperature from observations on four areas of the body, namely, chest, arms, thighs, and legs, has been proposed. The proposed system of weighting yields mean skin temperature values identical with the elaborate Hardy-Dubois weighting formula. The value of the medial thigh temperature as an index of the mean skin temperature has also been investigated and discussed. skin temperature measurement Submitted on May 20, 1963

scholarly journals The Impact of Vibration Therapy Interventions on Skin Condition and Skin Temperature Changes in Young Women with Lipodystrophy: A Pilot Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Wanda Pilch ◽  
Olga Czerwińska-Ledwig ◽  
Joanna Chitryniewicz-Rostek ◽  
Magdalena Nastałek ◽  
Piotr Krężałek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Skin Condition ◽  
Mean Skin Temperature ◽  
Vibration Therapy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Therapy Interventions ◽  
Stage 1

Background. Cellulite affects 85-98% of women aged over 20 years. In a given context, mechanical vibrations have not been applied in the therapy of gynoid lipodystrophy (GL) until now. The aim of this pilot study was to assess the condition and temperature of skin affected by cellulite after vibration therapy interventions in young women with GL. Methods. 10 healthy women (21.5 ± 1.5 years old) with stage 1 or 2 Nürnberger-Müller scale of severity of GL participated in the study. The subjects underwent 20 vibration interventions with the use of a Rehabilitation Massage Device Vitberg+. Vibration therapy was applied 5 times a week for 60 minutes during 4-week period. Before and after first and last interventions, grade of lipodystrophy was assessed and thermographic images were taken. Results. Visual and palpation analysis performed before and after a series of treatments proved a total cellulite remission after the intervention among 40% of subjects (from stage 1 to stage 0). Among the remaining 60% with stage 2 of cellulite, an improvement in the skin condition was observed, and cellulite grade was determined as stage 1. The mean skin temperature in the lateral part of thigh as well as on the posterior surface of thigh and buttocks increased significantly (p<0.00001) after both the first (respectively: 4.0°C ± 0.9°C, 3.9°C ± 0.8°C) and the last vibration therapy interventions (respectively: 3.1°C ± 1.1°C, 2.8°C ± 1.1°C). After the series of interventions, a statistical significant (p=0.00705) increase in the mean skin temperature in the lateral thigh was observed—before the first treatment: 27.9°C ± 0.7°C; before twentieth treatment: 29.0°C ± 1.2°C. Conclusion. The series of vibration interventions contributed to the reduction of GL among the participants. The thermographic imaging analysis proved an impact of both single and serial vibration interventions.

scholarly journals The Non-Uniform and Asymmetric Thermal Radiation upon the Human Physiological Responses in Outdoor Environment

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihito Kurazumi ◽  
Kenta Fukagawa ◽  
Tomonori Sakoi ◽  
Ariya Aruninta ◽  
Ken Yamashita
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Thermal Radiation ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Short Wavelength ◽  
The Body ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Thermal Manikin ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Mean Skin Temperature ◽  
The Mean

Depending on human body conditions and environmental conditions, it is sometimes difficult to conduct subject experiments. In such cases, it is effective to use a thermal manikin. There are few studies that investigate the effect of the non-uniform and asymmetric outdoor thermal environment on the mean skin temperature. The purpose of this study is to clarify the influence of the non-uniform and asymmetric thermal radiation of short-wavelength solar radiation in an outdoor environment on the calculation of the mean skin temperature. The skin temperature of the front of the coronal surface, which was facing the sun and where the body received direct short-wavelength solar radiation, and the skin temperature of the rear of the coronal surface, which was in the shadow and did not receive direct short-wavelength solar radiation were respectively measured. The feet, upper arm, forearm, hand and lower leg, which are susceptible to short-wavelength solar radiation in a standing posture, had a noticeable difference in skin temperature between sites in the sun and in shade. The mean skin temperature of sites facing the sun was significantly higher than the mean skin temperature of those in the shade.

Thermoregulatory responses to cold water at different times of day

1999 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Castellani ◽  
Andrew J. Young ◽  
James E. Kain ◽  
Michael N. Sawka
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Mean Skin Temperature ◽  
Mean Body Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Heat ◽  
Body Temperature Change ◽  
The Mean

This study examined how time of day affects thermoregulation during cold-water immersion (CWI). It was hypothesized that the shivering and vasoconstrictor responses to CWI would differ at 0700 vs. 1500 because of lower initial core temperatures (Tcore) at 0700. Nine men were immersed (20°C, 2 h) at 0700 and 1500 on 2 days. No differences ( P > 0.05) between times were observed for metabolic heat production (M˙, 150 W ⋅ m−2), heat flow (250 W ⋅ m−2), mean skin temperature (T sk, 21°C), and the mean body temperature-change in M˙(ΔM˙) relationship. Rectal temperature (Tre) was higher ( P < 0.05) before (Δ = 0.4°C) and throughout CWI during 1500. The change in Tre was greater ( P < 0.05) at 1500 (−1.4°C) vs. 0700 (−1.2°C), likely because of the higher Tre-T skgradient (0.3°C) at 1500. These data indicate that shivering and vasoconstriction are not affected by time of day. These observations raise the possibility that CWI may increase the risk of hypothermia in the early morning because of a lower initial Tcore.

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