Antidiabetic, Anticancer and Nephrolithiasis Used Wild Edible Food Supplements of Uttarakhand (Garhwal Himalaya)

Mapping Intimacies ◽

10.20944/preprints202004.0340.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Subhash Chandra ◽

Sarla Saklani ◽

Jen Tsung Chen

Keyword(s):

Natural Products ◽

Dietary Fibre ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Mineral Content ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Food Supplements ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Mineral Profile ◽

Aoac Method ◽

Scientific Report

The aim of this research was to develop new antidibetic, anticancer, nephrolithiasis and new food supplements with potential pharmacological activity from readily accessed natural products. In the present study, we investigated the nutritional, mineral profile and phytochemical analysis of the extracts of C. indicus, D. biflorus, G. soja, B. cerifera, O. frumentaceu, E. coracana, P. frutenscens, S. italica, C. viscosa and H. vulgare seeds or pulps. The extraction process involved fractionation with various solvents whereas the estimation of nutrients and minerals was done using AOAC method and ICPMS techniques. The levels of crude protein, carbohydrates, crude fiber, crude fat and ash contents in C. indicus seeds were found to 2.20%, 14.12%, 56.38%, 7.50%, 2.20% and 5.30%, respectively whereas 5.93%, 72.07%, 5.10%, 1.00% and 3.90%, respectively were measured in the seeds of H. vulgare. This is the first scientific report to explore the comprehensive nutrients, mineral content and phytochemical analysis on the C. indicus, D. biflorus, G. soja, B. cerifera, O. frumentaceu, E. coracana, P. frutenscens, S. italica, C. viscosa and H. vulgare seeds and pulps. Which were found as highly medicinal and nutritional due to the presence of dietary fibre, protein, vitamins, minerals and other needful nutrients.

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Estimation of Nutritional and Mineral Contents of Eleusine coracana and Echinochloa frumentacea – Two Edible Wild Crops of India

Current Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.2174/1573401314666180327160353 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 363-366

Author(s):

Subhash Chandra ◽

Sarla Saklani ◽

Ruchi B. Semwal ◽

Deepak K. Semwal

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Finger Millet ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Eleusine Coracana ◽

Crude Fibre ◽

Mineral Contents ◽

Mineral Profile ◽

Calcium Phosphorus ◽

Aoac Method ◽

Echinochloa Frumentacea

Background: Barnyard millet is rich in protein, iron, calcium, phosphorus, fibre and vitamin content whereas finger millet is used in regular food and considered to be more nutritious than rice. Objective: The aim of this research was to develop new food supplements with potential pharmacological activity from readily accessed natural products. Methods: In the present study, we investigated the nutritional and mineral profile of the extracts of Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn. and Echinochloa frumentacea Link seeds. The extraction process involved fractionation with various solvents whereas the estimation of nutrients and minerals was done using AOAC method and ICPMS techniques. Results: The levels of crude protein, carbohydrates, crude fibre and ash content in E. coracana seeds were found to 7.30%, 68.10%, 3.60% and 8.50%, respectively whereas 2.87%, 80.93%, 5.80% and 5.30%, respectively were measured in the seeds of E. frumentacea. Conclusion: The seeds of E. coracana and E. frumentacea were found as highly medicinal and nutritional due to the presence of vitamins, minerals and other needful nutrients.

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Nutritional evaluation of protein, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium bioavailability from lupin (Lupinus albus var. multolupa)-based diets in growing rats: effect of α-galactoside oligosaccharide extraction and phytase supplementation

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn20061771 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 95 (6) ◽

pp. 1102-1111 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Jesús M. Porres ◽

Pilar Aranda ◽

María López-Jurado ◽

Gloria Urbano

Keyword(s):

Dietary Fibre ◽

Nutritional Quality ◽

Mineral Content ◽

Control Diet ◽

Lupinus Albus ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Nutritional Composition ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Growing Rats ◽

Liver And Kidney

The nutritional composition of the legume Lupinus albus var. multolupa, raw or after α-galactoside extraction, and its effect on the bioavailability of protein, P, Ca, and Mg by growing rats wasevaluated using a balance technique. The protein and dietary fibre content of the lupin floursstudied was high, and 89–94% of the dietary fibre was present as insoluble dietary fibre. The α-galactoside extraction process did not disrupt the nutritional quality of protein, and the digestive and metabolic utilisation of this nutrient was high and comparable with that obtained from a casein–cystine control diet (pair-fed to the average daily food intake of the experimental groups fed the different lupin diets). Bioavailability of P, Ca, and Mg from the lupin diets tested was high, and supplementation of an exogenous microbial phytase (750 phytase units/kg) did not cause any further improvement. Mineral content in the bone tissue (femur and sternum) did not correlate to mineral balance, which, on the other hand, was related to the mineral content of other tissues such as blood, plasma, liver and kidney. Due to its ability to grow under adverse edaphic and climatic conditions and to its good nutritional quality, α-galactoside-free lupin flour supplemented with the required amounts of minerals and vitamins to meet nutrient requirements can be used as an excellent dietary source for the preparation of dietetic products.

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PROXIMATE AND PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF HEALTHY AND INFECTED MAIZE GRAINS IN ANAMBRA STATE

European Journal of Biology ◽

10.47672/ejb.419 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 15-40

Author(s):

C. E Anyaegbu ◽

O.J Oledibe, ◽

J.E Amadi

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Fusarium Spp ◽

Crude Fibre ◽

Indirect Methods ◽

Nutritional Values ◽

Anambra State ◽

Post Harvest ◽

Aoac Method ◽

Direct And Indirect Methods

Four samples of stored maize grains were bought from Awka, Awkuzu, Onitsha and Nnewi. Direct and indirect methods of Fawole and Oso, 1998 were used to isolate the fungi responsible for the spoilage of post harvest maize grains after which four genera were isolated namely: Curvularia spp, Fusarium spp, Rhizopus spp and Aspergillus spp. They were identified using Barmette and Haunter, 1987 method of identification. The percentage of occurrence of the fungi from different samples shows that Aspergillus niger occured with a frequency of 31.5%, A. flavus with 31%, Rhizopus spp with 15.25%, Fusarium spp with 14.5% and the least Curvularia spp with 7.5%. AOAC method of 1999 was used to obtain the nutritional values of the maize grains. Good and spoilt maize grains were used in this research. Spoilt maize grains were used after four months of purchase. Anova were used to compare the nutritional values of both good and spoilt maize samples from the different locations. Six nutrients were obtained from both good and spoilt maize grains namely: crude protein, crude fibre, crude fat, moisture content, ash content and carbohydrate. The results differ in their values for both good and spoilt maize grains. The spoilt maize grains have little protein, fibre and fat and more of ash and carbohydrate. Further research was made on the phytochemical contents of maize and seven metabolites were obtained mamely: oxalate, phytate, tannin, phenol, alkaloid, flavonoid and glycoside. In order to reduce post-harvest grain loss of maize, periodical training of farmers on proper storage facilities are necessary

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Extraction of Mogroside and Limonin with Different Extraction Methods and its Modeling

International Journal of Food Engineering ◽

10.1515/1556-3758.2361 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jing Liu ◽

Can Liu ◽

Yonghai Rong ◽

Long Rong

Keyword(s):

Thin Film ◽

Natural Products ◽

Mass Production ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Ultrasonic Extraction ◽

Citrus Reticulata ◽

Comparison Of Methods ◽

Economical Method ◽

Siraitia Grosvenorii

The extraction yields of mogroside from Siraitia grosvenorii fruits and limonin from orange (Citrus reticulata Blanco) seeds were compared with different extraction methods, respectively. Maceration extraction, stirring extraction, ultrasonic extraction and flash extraction were used for the extraction. The extraction process was modeled using the concept of thin film which provides the resistance to transfer. The results showed that the maximum yields of mogroside (4.11%) and limonin (0.65%) were obtained by ultrasonic extraction and flash extraction respectively. Owing to its shorter extraction time, flash extraction would be an economical method for the mass production of triterpenes from natural products. The model was found to be fit for the comparison of methods for the extraction and provided good correlation of the data. The model could be mainly used in the practical extraction process.

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Artificial Caries Lesion Characteristics after Secondary Demineralization with Theobromine-Containing Protocol

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26020300 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 300

Author(s):

Hani M. Nassar ◽

Frank Lippert

Keyword(s):

Mineral Content ◽

Significance Level ◽

Lesion Depth ◽

Caries Lesion ◽

Mineral Profile ◽

Bonferroni Test ◽

Bovine Enamel ◽

Caries Lesions ◽

Nail Varnish

Developing artificial caries lesions with varying characteristics is needed to adequately study caries process in vitro. The objective of this study was to investigate artificial caries lesion characteristics after secondary demineralization protocol containing theobromine and fluoride. Sixty bovine enamel slabs (4 × 3 mm) were demineralized using a Carbopol-containing protocol for 6 days. A baseline area (2 × 3 mm) was protected with acid-resistant nail varnish, after which specimens were exposed for 24 h to a secondary demineralization protocol containing acetic acid plus one of four fluoride/theobromine combinations (n = 15): theobromine (50 or 200 ppm) and fluoride (0 or 1 ppm). Specimens were sectioned and analyzed using transverse microradiography for changes in mineral content, lesion depth, and surface layer mineralization. Data was analyzed using paired t-test and analysis of variance followed by Bonferroni test at 0.05 significance level. After secondary demineralization, fluoride-containing groups had significantly deeper lesions (p = 0.002 and 0.014) compared to the group with 0 ppm fluoride and 50 ppm theobromine. Mineral content and lesion depth were significantly different compared to baseline for all groups. Theobromine did not show an added effect on mineral uptake. Theobromine-containing groups exhibited particularly deep lesions with a more uniform mineral profile in the presence of fluoride.

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Seasonal Variation of the Proximate Composition, Mineral Content, Fatty Acid Profiles and Other Phytochemical Constituents of Selected Brown Macroalgae

Marine Drugs ◽

10.3390/md19040204 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 204

Author(s):

Marco Garcia-Vaquero ◽

Gaurav Rajauria ◽

Marta Miranda ◽

Torres Sweeney ◽

Marta Lopez-Alonso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Mineral Content ◽

Fatty Acid Profiles ◽

Laminaria Digitata ◽

Laminaria Hyperborea ◽

Brown Macroalgae ◽

The West ◽

Macroalgal Species ◽

Mineral Profile ◽

Phytochemical Constituents

The main objective was to determine the chemical, phytochemical, fatty acid and mineral profiles of three commercially relevant brown macroalgae (Laminaria digitata, Laminaria hyperborea and Ascophyllum nodosum) collected each season for two years off the west coast of Ireland. All the chemical, phytochemical, fatty acid and minerals analysed varied significantly depending on the macroalgal species, season and year of collection. Overall, the protein contents of macroalgae were negatively correlated with carbohydrate content. Protein (2–11%) was at its highest during winter and/or spring, decreasing to a minimum during summer and/or autumn. The three macroalgal species analysed in this study had clearly differentiated fatty acid profiles. The concentration of fatty acids was higher in A. nodosum compared with both Laminaria species. The mineral profile of the three macroalgal species was rich in essential metals, particularly Ca, Mg and P, while the levels of I were approximately 9- to 10-fold higher in both Laminaria spp. compared with A. nodosum. The levels of toxic metals (Cd, Hg and Pb) in all the macroalgal species studied were low in the current study; while the levels of total As were high (49–64 mg/kg DW macroalgae) compared with previous reports.

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Effect of dietary fibre level on amino acid digestibility in young pigs

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas94-044 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 74 (2) ◽

pp. 327-333 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

S. Li ◽

W. C. Sauer ◽

R. T. Hardin

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Dietary Fibre ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Corn Starch ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Period Change ◽

Young Pigs ◽

Average Body

Studies were carried out with 12 pigs (Yorkshire × Landrace) to determine the effect of dietary fibre level on amino acid digestibility. The pigs were weaned at 21 d of age and fitted with a simple T-cannula at the distal ileum at 23 or 24 d of age. The pigs were fed four isonitrogenous corn starch-based soybean meal diets (22.5 % crude protein) containing 4.3, 7.3, 10.3 and 13.3% Solkafloc according to a balanced two-period change-over design. The pigs were fed four times daily, equal amounts, at 6-h intervals. The diets were supplied at a rate of 5% of the average body weight which was determined at the initiation of the first (8.8 kg) and second (11.7 kg) experimental period. Each experimental period comprised 10 d. Feces were collected for 48 h on days 6 and 7 and ileal digesta for 24 h during days 8, 9 and 10. Chromic oxide was used as digestibility marker. The dietary inclusion of Solkafloc, up to 13.3 %, did not affect (P > 0.05) the apparent ileal as well as the fecal digestibilities of crude protein and amino acids. In conclusion, starter pigs can tolerate up to 13.3% Solkafloc, equivalent to 16.8% neutral-detergent fibre, in corn starch-based soybean meal diets without a depression in amino acid digestibility. Key words: Young pigs, fibre, amino acids, digestibility

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Phytochemical analysis, Antimicrobial, insecticidal and antiradical activity of Hydnocarpus pentandra (Buch.-Ham.) Oken

International Journal of Phytomedicine ◽

10.5138/09750185.2163 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 576

Author(s):

Prashith Kekuda TR ◽

Dunkana Negussa Kenie ◽

Chetan DM ◽

Raghavendra L Hallur

Keyword(s):

Leaf Extract ◽

Antiradical Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Extraction Process ◽

In Vitro Assays ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

Bioactive Agents

Objectives: The present study was conducted to evaluate antimicrobial, insecticidal and radical scavenging activity of leaf extract of Hydnocarpus pentandra (Buch.-Ham.) Oken belonging to the family Achariaceae.Methods: Extraction process of shade dried and powdered leaf was carried out by maceration technique. Extract was screened for phytochemicals by standard tests. Antibacterial and antifungal activity of leaf extract was determined by Agar well diffusion and Poisoned food technique respectively. Antiradical activity of leaf extract was evaluated by two in vitro assays namely 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azinobis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline 6-sulfonate (ABTS) free radical scavenging assays. Insecticidal activity of leaf extract was determined against II instar and IV instar larvae of Aedes aegypti.Results: Preliminary phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, glycosides, triterpenes and steroids in the leaf extract. Leaf extract exhibited marked inhibitory activity against Gram positive bacteria when compared to Gram negative bacteria. Bacillus cereus (zone of inhibition 1.86±0.05cm) and Escherichia coli (zone of inhibition 1.06±0.05cm) were inhibited to highest and least extent respectively. Extract was effective in inhibiting mycelial growth of seed-borne fungi. Among fungi, the susceptibility to extract was in the order: Curvularia sp. (53.64% inhibition) > Fusarium sp. (45.81% inhibition) > Alternaria sp. (35.08% inhibition). The extract exhibited concentration dependent larvicidal activity with marked activity being observed against II instar larvae (LC50 value 0.79mg/ml) when compared to IV instar larvae (LC50 value 1.37mg/ml). Leaf extract scavenged DPPH and ABTS radicals dose dependently with an IC50 value of 13.91µg/ml and 6.03µg/ml respectively.Conclusions: The plant is shown to be an important source of bioactive agents. The observed bioactivities could be attributed to the phytochemicals present in the leaf extract. Further studies on characterization and bioactivity determination of isolated components from leaf extract are to be carried out.

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COMPARATIVE STUDY ON ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF TULSI (OCIMUM SANCTUM) AND NEEM (AZADIRACHTA INDICA) METHANOL EXTRACT

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i12.28756 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 514

Author(s):

Vipul Kumar ◽

Anurag Chakraborty ◽

Manpreet Kaur ◽

Sony Pandey ◽

Manoj Kumar Jena

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Azadirachta Indica ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Ocimum Sanctum ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Neem Extract ◽

E Coli ◽

Zones Of Inhibition ◽

Escherichia Coli Bacteria

Objective: This study was focused on to compare the antimicrobial activity of methanolic leaf extracts of tulsi and neem.Methods: We have chosen tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) and neem (Azadirachta indica) to compare their antimicrobial activity toward Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria. Phytochemical extracts have been made by the use of methanol as solvent and dried leaf powder by the cold maceration extraction process. Phytochemical analysis for some secondary metabolites has been done using standard protocols. Nutrient agar plates were inoculated with the above-mentioned microorganisms by spreading bacterial inoculum on the surface of the media. Wells (6 mm in diameter) were punched in the agar. The phytochemical extracts of neem and tulsi were allowed to diffuse into the medium, and after incubation of 24 h at 37°C, the zones of inhibition were observed.Results: Statistical analysis showed that tulsi was more effective toward S. aureus while neem was more effective toward E. coli. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of tulsi for both the microorganisms was 0.4 g/ml, and the MIC of neem for both the microorganisms was 0.2 g/ml. When both the tulsi and neem extract were mixed with each other for every concentration at equal volume, they have shown better effects in comparison to individual neem or tulsi extract and also the MIC got reduced to 0.2 g/ml for both the bacteria.Conclusions: Leaf extracts of both the A. indica and O. sanctum have shown antimicrobial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. A. indica has higher antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, whereas the O. sanctum was found to be more effective against E. coli (indicated by the zone of inhibition). When both the extracts were mixed with each other, they have shown a better effect toward both bacteria.

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