scholarly journals Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) – An Underutilized Crop With a Great Potential

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nete - Kodahl ◽  
Marten - Sørensen
Keyword(s):  
Food Systems ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Plukenetia Volubilis

Plukenetia volubilis is an underutilized oilseed crop native to the Amazon basin, where it has been utilised by humans since Incan times. The large seeds contain approx. 45–50 % lipid, of which approx. 35.2–50.8 % is α-linolenic acid (C18:3 n-3, ω-3) and approx. 33.4–41.0 % is linoleic acid (C18:2 n-6, ω-6), the two essential fatty acids required by humans. The seeds also contain 22–30 % protein and have antioxidant properties. Due to its excellent nutritional composition and good agronomic properties, it has attracted increasing attention in recent years, and cultivation is expanding. When considering current global challenges, a reformation of our food systems is imperative in order to ensure food security, mitigation of climate change, and alleviation of malnutrition. For this purpose, underutilized crops may be essential tools, which can provide agricultural hardiness and reduced need for external inputs, climate resilience, diet diversification, and improved income opportunities for smallholders. Plukenetia volubilis is a promising up and coming crop in this regard and has considerable potential for further domestication; it has an exceptional oil composition, good sensory acceptability, is well suited for cultivation, and has numerous potential applications in, e.g. gastronomy, medicine, and cosmetics.

scholarly journals Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) is an Underutilized Crop with a Great Potential

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1066
Author(s):  
Nete Kodahl ◽  
Marten Sørensen
Keyword(s):  
Food Systems ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Climate Resilience ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Plukenetia Volubilis

Plukenetia volubilis (Euphorbiaceae) is an underutilized oilseed crop native to the Amazon basin, where it has been utilized by humans since Incan times. The large seeds contain approximately 45–50% lipid, of which approximately 35.2–50.8% is α-linolenic acid (C18:3 n-3, ω-3) and approximately 33.4–41.0% is linoleic acid (C18:2 n-6, ω-6), the two essential fatty acids required by humans. The seeds also contain 22–30% protein and have antioxidant properties. Due to its excellent nutritional composition and good agronomic properties, it has attracted increasing attention in recent years, and cultivation is expanding. When considering current global challenges, a reformation of our food systems is imperative in order to ensure food security, mitigation of climate change, and alleviation of malnutrition. For this purpose, underutilized crops may be essential tools which can provide agricultural hardiness, a reduced need for external inputs, climate resilience, diet diversification, and improved income opportunities for smallholders. Plukenetia volubilis is a promising up and coming crop in this regard and has considerable potential for further domestication; it has an exceptional oil composition, good sensory acceptability, is well suited for cultivation, and has numerous potential applications in, e.g., gastronomy, medicine, and cosmetics.

The Use of Crude Fish Oil (CFO) in Vannamei Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Feed on EPA and DHA Contents

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
Januar Hadi Prasetyo ◽  
Agustono Agustono ◽  
Widya Paramitha Lokapirnasari
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Penaeid Shrimp ◽  
The Body ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Epa And Dha ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Omega 6

Omega-3 fatty acids (Alpha-linolenic acid) and omega-6 fatty acids (Linoleic acid) are a group of essential fatty acids. Essential fatty acids are fatty acids that cannot be synthesized by the body so that must be supplied from the diet. One of the sources of essential fatty acids is derived from fish oil. This study aims to determine the effect of Crude Fish Oil (CFO) in the feed to EPA and DHA content in penaeid shrimp meat. The research method used was a completely randomized design. The treatments used are the varying content of Crude Fish Oil (CFO), which are P0 (0%), P1 (2%), P2 (4%), P3 (6%), and P4 (8%). The results of the study showed significant differences (p <0.05) on the content of EPA and DHA in penaeid shrimp meat. The highest content of EPA and DHA found in P4 treatment (8%) and the lowest at P0 treatment (0%). The use of CFO in penaeid shrimp feed need further study related to the growth of shrimps and prawns reproductive cycle to increase the productivity of penaeid shrimp. CFO on feed should be used at a dose of 6%.

scholarly journals Identification of fatty acids in fractionated lipid extracts from Palmaria palmata, Alaria esculenta and Saccharina latissima by off-line SPE GC-MS

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 4251-4262
Author(s):  
Lena Foseid ◽  
Ingeborg Natvik ◽  
Hanne Devle ◽  
Dag Ekeberg
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Saccharina Latissima ◽  
Palmaria Palmata ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Alaria Esculenta ◽  
Lipid Fractions ◽  
Omega 6

AbstractThe fatty acid profiles of the three lipid fractions, neutral lipids (NL), free fatty acids and polar lipids (PL), from the macroalgae Palmaria palmata (wild), Alaria esculenta (cultivated) and Saccharina latissima (cultivated) were studied in light of dietary important fatty acids. Blade and stipe from the macroalgae were collected at the end of the growth season (May/June) at Frøya (Trøndelag, Norway). A total of 51 fatty acids were identified in the algae, including several fatty acids novel to one or more of the algae. The NL and PL fractions of P. palmata were the most promising from a health perspective, due to a high content of eicosapentaenoic acid (10.1 ± 0.5% and 6.6 ± 0.1%, respectively) and no trans-fatty acids. In addition, these fractions had very low omega-6/omega-3 ratios (< 0.1) and can therefore be beneficial for balancing the omega-6/omega-3 ratio in the diet. The NL fraction of A. esculenta had the highest content of monounsaturated- and polyunsaturated fatty acids (20.9 ± 1.4 and 21.8 ± 1.9% of alga, respectively), as well as the highest content of the two essential fatty acids, linoleic acid (5.3 ± 0.4% of alga) and alpha-linolenic acid (2.4 ± 0.2% of alga). Indices related to risk factors for coronary heart disease were most favourable in the NL fraction of S. latissima and the NL and PL fractions of A. esculenta.

scholarly journals Enhanced Skin Performance of Emulgel vs. Cream as Systems for Topical Delivery of Herbal Actives (Immortelle Extract and Hemp Oil)

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1919
Author(s):  
Vanja M. Tadić ◽  
Ana Žugić ◽  
Milica Martinović ◽  
Milica Stanković ◽  
Svetolik Maksimović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Skin Hydration ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Hemp Oil

Immortelle, as rich source of chlorogenic acid and the phloroglucinol alpha-pyrone compound arzanol, possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, affects cell regeneration, and has positive effect on many skin conditions. Hemp oil, characterized by a favorable omega-6 to omega-3 ratio, as well as an abundance of essential fatty acids and vitamin E, participates in immunoregulation and also act as an anti-inflammatory. In the present study, we examined the effect on the skin of creams and emulgels with immortelle extract and hemp oil, by comparing them to placebo samples and a non-treated control. A long-term in vivo study of biophysical skin characteristics, which lasted for 30 days, was conducted on 25 healthy human volunteers. Measured parameters were electrical capacitance of the stratum corneum, trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL), and skin pH and erythema index. Further, a sensory study was carried out in which the panelists had to choose descriptive terms for sensory attributes in questionnaire. The results showed that application of all preparations led to increase of skin hydration and TEWL reduction, while the skin was not irritated, and its normal pH was not disrupted. This study also showed importance of the carrier. Not only were emulgels described by panelists as preparations with better sensory properties, there was a significant difference between the skin hydration effect of emulgel with immortelle extract and hemp oil compared to the placebo emulgel, which was not the case with creams. Such findings indicated enhanced delivery of herbal active substances from emulgel compared to the cream.

scholarly journals Chemical composition and biological activity of seed oil of amaranth varieties

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soyibjon S. Bozorov ◽  
Nodir Sh. Berdiev ◽  
Uchkun J. Ishimov ◽  
Shukhratjon S. Olimjonov ◽  
Jamolitdin F. Ziyavitdinov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Plant Seeds ◽  
Squalene Content ◽  
The One ◽  
Cold Pressed

Abstract The work is devoted to study of seed oil composition of amaranth varieties: Kharkov, Lera, Andijan and Helios, acclimatized in Uzbekistan. We demonstrated the possibility of using reversed-phase HPLC using a refractometric detector, which allows simultaneous determination of squalene and triacylglycerides in plant seeds and determining the authenticity of amaranth oils. Established seed oiliness ranged from 6.39 to 7.81 % of the initial mass. Amaranth oil samples contained quite large amount of unsaturated fatty acids 72.72 – 73.28 %, 1.17 % of which is omega-3-alpha-linolenic acid. The squalene content in the seeds ranged from 0.35 % to 0.55 %. It was established that the squalene content in oils obtained by extraction is greater than the one obtained by cold pressing. In the triacylglyceride composition of the investigated cold-pressed and extracted oils, no significant differences were found.

scholarly journals Protein synthesis and degradation in isolated muscle. Effect of ω3 and ω6 fatty acids

1987 ◽  
Vol 242 (2) ◽  
pp. 615-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
R M Palmer ◽  
K W J Wahle
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
3 Omega ◽  
Protein Synthesis And Degradation ◽  
Synthesis And Degradation

The ability of derivatives of the essential fatty acids linoleic acid (C18:2, omega 6) and alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3, omega 3) to stimulate rates of protein synthesis and degradation was investigated in isolated intact muscles from fasted rabbits. Both omega 6 derivatives examined, arachidonic acid (C20:4, omega 6) and dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (C20:3, omega 6), when added at concentrations up to 1 microM, stimulated the rate of protein synthesis and the release of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha). Metabolites of the omega 6 series, namely eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5, omega 3) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6, omega 3), were without effect on the rate of protein synthesis and resulted in a decrease in the release of PGF2 alpha. None of the fatty acids had a significant effect on the rate of protein degradation. Although insulin (100 mu units/ml) also stimulated rates of protein synthesis when added alone, none of the omega 3 or omega 6 fatty acids, when added with insulin at concentrations of 0.2 microM, potentiated the effect of the hormone.

scholarly journals Linseed and Its Basic Composition

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 10-26
Author(s):  
Mittu Katoch ◽  
Narender Singh Bhatia
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Soluble Fiber ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Fiber Flax ◽  
Alternate Source

The archaeological evidence of flax cultivation dates back to >6000 BC and it is considered as one of the oldest and most useful crops. Components of flax have diverse uses. Cultivar development of flax is currently focused on enhancing the oil content and nutritional value to meet the demand of nutraceutical market supply, as an alternate source of fish oil, a rich source of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6). Growing awareness about the role of diet and quest for human wellness has fuelled interest in ‗Functional foods‘ and functional attributes of many traditional foods are being reinvented. Flaxseed is cultivated in many parts of world for fiber, oil as well as for medicinal purposes and also as nutritional product. Flax continues to surge forward in its recognition as a functional food. It is the richest known source of alpha-linolenic acid, the phytoestrogen, lignans, as well as being a good source of soluble fiber. Flax is also very important fibrous bast plant, both for valuable textile fibres and composites applications and for bioactive compounds used in folk medicine, nutraceuticals and functional food. Flax seeds are rich in valuable fatty acids, amino-acids, phytoestrogens, cyclolinopeptides, lecithin, waxes, lignin, pectin, mucilage, etc. ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are effective preventing cardiovascular and heart diseases. The flax seed has been shown to possess significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions. In this review, composition, essential fatty acids,omega-3 fatty acid, alpha linolienic acid, proteins, vitamins and minerals, lignans, dietary fiber and uses of flaxseed are discussed.

scholarly journals COSMO-RS Based Prediction for Alpha-Linolenic Acid (ALA) Extraction from Microalgae Biomass Using Room Temperature Ionic Liquids (RTILs)

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Shiva Rezaei Motlagh ◽  
Razif Harun ◽  
Dayang Radiah Awang Biak ◽  
Siti Aslina Hussain ◽  
Rozita Omar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Good Prediction ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Sulphate Chloride

One of the essential fatty acids with therapeutic impacts on human health is known to be omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). More lately, ionic liquids (ILs) have received significant attention among scientists in overcoming the disadvantages of traditional solvents in biomass lipid extraction. However, the large pool of cations and anions possibly accessible will lead to a growing number of innovatively synthesized ILs. Nevertheless, the exhaustive measurement of all these systems is economically impractical. The conductive screening model for real solvents (COSMO-RS) is considered a precious approach with the availability of a few models to predict the characteristics of ILs. This work introduces the estimate of capacity values at infinite dilution for a range of ILs using COSMO-RS software as part of solid-liquid extraction. This favorable outcome presented that the capacity values of the IL molecules are extremely dependent on both anions and cations. Among the 352 combinations of cation/anion tested, short alkyl chain cations coupled with inorganic anions were found to be most efficient and therefore superior in the extraction method. Sulphate-, chloride-, and bromide-based ILs were found to have higher extraction capacities in contrast with the remainders, while propanoate revealed an extraordinary capacity when combined with ethyl-based cations. Eventually, the predicted results from COSMO-RS were validated through the experimentally calculated extraction yield of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) compound from Nannochloropsis sp. microalgae. Three selected ILs namely [EMIM][Cl], [TMAm][Cl], and [EMPyrro][Br] were selected from COSMO-RS for empirical extraction purpose and the validation results pinpointed the good prediction capability of COSMO-RS.

scholarly journals Genome-edited Camelina sativa with a unique fatty acid content and its potential impact on ecosystems

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Kawall
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Camelina Sativa ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Multiple Copies

Abstract‘Genome editing’ is intended to accelerate modern plant breeding enabling a much faster and more efficient development of crops with improved traits such as increased yield, altered nutritional composition, as well as resistance to factors of biotic and abiotic stress. These traits are often generated by site-directed nuclease-1 (SDN-1) applications that induce small, targeted changes in the plant genomes. These intended alterations can be combined in a way to generate plants with genomes that are altered on a larger scale than it is possible with conventional breeding techniques. The power and the potential of genome editing comes from its highly effective mode of action being able to generate different allelic combinations of genes, creating, at its most efficient, homozygous gene knockouts. Additionally, multiple copies of functional genes can be targeted all at once. This is especially relevant in polyploid plants such as Camelina sativa which contain complex genomes with multiple chromosome sets. Intended alterations induced by genome editing have potential to unintentionally alter the composition of a plant and/or interfere with its metabolism, e.g., with the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites such as phytohormones or other biomolecules. This could affect diverse defense mechanisms and inter-/intra-specific communication of plants having a direct impact on associated ecosystems. This review focuses on the intended alterations in crops mediated by SDN-1 applications, the generation of novel genotypes and the ecological effects emerging from these intended alterations. Genome editing applications in C. sativa are used to exemplify these issues in a crop with a complex genome. C. sativa is mainly altered in its fatty acid biosynthesis and used as an oilseed crop to produce biofuels.

scholarly journals Milk Fatty Acid Profiles in Different Animal Species: Focus on the Potential Effect of Selected PUFAs on Metabolism and Brain Functions

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1111
Author(s):  
Maria P. Mollica ◽  
Giovanna Trinchese ◽  
Fabiano Cimmino ◽  
Eduardo Penna ◽  
Gina Cavaliere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Milk Fatty Acids ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
The Impact

Milk contains several important nutrients that are beneficial for human health. This review considers the nutritional qualities of essential fatty acids (FAs), especially omega-3 (ω-3) and omega-6 (ω-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) present in milk from ruminant and non-ruminant species. In particular, the impact of milk fatty acids on metabolism is discussed, including its effects on the central nervous system. In addition, we presented data indicating how animal feeding—the main way to modify milk fat composition—may have a potential impact on human health, and how rearing and feeding systems strongly affect milk quality within the same animal species. Finally, we have presented the results of in vivo studies aimed at supporting the beneficial effects of milk FA intake in animal models, and the factors limiting their transferability to humans were discussed.

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