scholarly journals The Importance, Unexploited Opportunities and Challenges of Vermicomposting Technology in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadie Girma Dadi ◽  
Hana Tamrat Gebirehiwot
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Policy Issue ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Invasive Weeds ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Agrarian Society ◽  
Wide Range

Agriculture is the mainstay of the Ethiopian and a key sector of its economy. However, Lack of productive and environmentally friendly technology is not widely applicable elsewhere. Likewise, the vermicomposting technology is a recently emerging science which not effectively transferred to the users across the country. Thus, this review is aimed to shine the importance, unexploited opportunities and the challenges hindered for further expansions in Ethiopian context. Vermicompost is among the powerful organic fertilizers which enhance soil Fertility and productivity. As agrarian society; there are plenty of raw byproducts and weed species which are not center of focus (i.e cattle waste, crop residues and invasive weeds like P.Juliflora, P.hysterophorus and E.crassipes respectively). However, there are many constraints there like policy issue, handling problems and sensitivity of the worms for different environmental factors which hindered to invest on a wide range. Generally, the number and weight of vermiculture as well as amount of produced casts are promised and every possible ways were recommended to entertain on the large scale.

scholarly journals Composition and amount of nutrients entering the soil with cotton biomass and green manure

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 3127-3129
Author(s):  
Hasanova Aynur Oruj, Et. al.
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Microbiological Processes

The experience of developed countries in the field of agriculture and research results show that high efficiency from mineral fertilizers can be obtained on fertile soils. That is, the soil should contain a large amount of organic substances, microelements, beneficial microorganisms, various enzymes that activate microbiological processes, normalize and optimize the nutritional, thermal and water-physical properties of the soil. This can be achieved by regularly applying crop residues and organic fertilizers to the soil. Siderata - green fertilizers - are of great importance for increasing soil fertility.

scholarly journals Effects of Organic Fertilization and Cover Crops on an Organic Pepper System

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Delate ◽  
C. Cambardella ◽  
A. McKern
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
The United States ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Organic Farm

With the continuing 20% growth rate in the organic industry, organic vegetable crop production has increased to 98,525 acres in the United States. The requirement for certified organic vegetable producers to implement a soil-building plan has led to the development of soil fertility systems based on combinations of organic fertilizers and cover crops. To determine optimal soil fertility combinations, conventional and organic bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) production was evaluated from 2001 to 2003 in Iowa, comparing combinations of two synthetic fertilizers and three compost-based organic fertilizers, and a cover crop treatment of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) and rye (Secale cereale) in a strip-tilled or fully incorporated cover crop system. Organic pepper growth and yields equaled or surpassed conventional production when nitrogen (N) was provided at 56 or 112 kg·ha−1 from compost-based organic fertilizer. Soil analysis revealed higher N in plots where cover crops were tilled compared with strip-tilled plots, leading to recommendations for sidedressing N in strip-tilled organic pepper production. Increased incidence of disease was also detected in strip-tilled plots. Postharvest weight loss after 6 weeks in storage was similar in organic and conventional peppers. The addition of calcium and sulfur products in conventional or organic fertilizer regimes did not increase pepper production or postharvest storage potential. Despite application challenges, cover crops will remain as critical components of the organic farm plan for their soil-building benefits, but supplementation with approved N sources may be required for optimal pepper production. Organic growers should conduct their own tests of organic-compliant soil amendments to determine cost effectiveness and value for their site before large-scale application.

NUTRITION BACKGROUND EFFECT ON PRODUCTIVITY OF OATS

10.12737/3816 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-90
Author(s):  
Ахметзянов ◽  
Marsel Akhmetzyanov ◽  
Таланов ◽  
Ivan Talanov
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
The Cost

Owing to the agriculture intensification increasing, unreasonably extensive use of chemicals, comprehensive mechanization, intensive tillage, together with an increase in productivity leads to noticeable undesirable results. The contamination grow, the infectiousness of fields by pests and diseases of agricultural crops increases, due to decomposition of humus, the soil fertility gradually decreases, and the quality of the products is deteriorating by the presence of hazardous compounds for health, ecological balance is disturbed environment. In this connection, so that to solve these problems, it is necessary to develop farming biologzation, namely the expansion of perennial grasses, reducing the use of fertilizers, pesticides and other chemicals, the use of intermediate crops for fodder and green manure, the use of crop residues and organic fertilizers, the use of advanced tillage methods. In recent years, the study of some specific biologzation elements are held in Russia too, but without an integrated approach. An intensification of the use of biological means of soil fertility was contributed to: creation an optimum density of the addition of the soil; creation better moisture content of crops; phytosanitary condition of crops. The maximum crop productivity (4.03 tons per hectare) was obtained, when adding straw and stubbly green manure, the cost of 1 ton of grain was decreased, compared with mineral background to 281.4 rubles, the net income was higher to 1593.6 rubles per hectare, the profitability of oat production was 52.8%, against 32.5% on a mineral background.

Environmental factors affect seed germination and seedling emergence of invasive Centaurea balsamita

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iraj Nosratti ◽  
Samira Soltanabadi ◽  
Saeid J. Honarmand ◽  
Bhagirath S. Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Western Iran ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Wide Range

Centaurea balsamita is a problematic and invasive weed of agricultural fields in western Iran. This study was conducted to determine the effect of different environmental factors on germination and seedling emergence of this weed species. Results revealed that seed germination occurred over a wide range of temperatures (from 5°C to 35°C) with the highest germination at 25°C. Seed germination of C. balsamita was similar between light and dark conditions. Germination decreased with increased in water stress levels, but some seeds were capable of germinating at –1.4 MPa osmotic potential. Seed germination was sensitive to salt stress and complete inhibition occurred at 150 mM sodium chloride. Seed germination of C. balsamita occurred over a pH range of 4–10 with lowest seed germination at pH 4. Seed germination was inhibited by increasing concentrations of potassium nitrate. No seedlings emerged when seeds were buried in the soil at depths greater than 6 cm, suggesting that using a sweep cultivator in crops and deep tillage would be beneficial in managing C. balsamita. The ability of C. balsamita to germinate under a wide range of temperature regimes and high levels of osmotic potential shows that this weed is well adapted to invade other cropping regions, especially rain-fed fields in western Iran.

scholarly journals Appraisal Soil Quality in the Agrarian Society of Pir Panjal Himalayas

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-111
Author(s):  
M. Imran Ganaie ◽  
Manzoor A. Wani ◽  
Aisha Dev ◽  
Ishtiaq A. Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Testing ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Testing Laboratory ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Agrarian Society ◽  
Physico Chemical

Background: The present study pertains to appraise the soil fertility in the foot hills of Pir Panjal by measuring different physico-chemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic carbon (OC), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in the foothill of Himalayas. Study area with unique physiographic and socio-economic identities have attributed to the soil fertility. Methods: Soil tests were carried at Soil Testing Laboratory (STL), Department of Horticulture. Soil samples at 1-30 cm depth were collected from 10 sample sites selected through composite sampling. Samples were collected randomly keeping in mind the maximum areal coverage. From each site, three sub samples were taken from selected locations to have holistic view of the soil fertility. Conclusion: The study showed deficiency of N & K in all the soil samples, with little variations in other parameters. Sample sites adopting organic farming showed optimum soil fertility. In the study we concluded that practice of adapting organic fertilizers is suitable for maintaing soil fertility. Least perception in the use of different fertilizers (organic & inorganic) a potent cause in the soil deformities in the region.

scholarly journals Influence of Slope Gradient on Coffee Soil Fertility in Goma Woreda of Oromia Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
Mohammed Kedir
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Slope Gradient ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Future Work ◽  
One Way Anova

This study was to evaluate the influence slope gradient on coffee soil fertility. Accordingly, soil samples, and field history was collected from 10 coffee farms during pinhead phase. Soil samples collected from 0-30 cm depth were prepared and analyzed in the laboratory following standard procedures. For data analysis, one-way ANOVA was used. The results revealed that coffee cultivations have practiced under wide range of slope gradients in study sites. Variations in slope gradients significantly influenced the coffee soil fertility. Consequently, OM, clay, CEC, available P, Mg and Na generally showed a decreasing trend with increasing slope gradient, whereas sand was opposite. For sound conclusion, appropriate soil and water conservation measures, N, P, K, organic fertilizers are recommended for future work.

scholarly journals Farmers' knowledge and management of spatial soil and crop growth variability in Niger, West Africa

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.P.A. Lamers ◽  
P.R. Feil
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Growth Variability ◽  
Crop Growth Variability

A household survey conducted in the Sahel, combined with an extensive literature search of baseline studies, complemented on-station research on spatial soil and crop growth variability from a farmers viewpoint. Farmers explained spatial variability in crop growth in terms of differences in soil types, soil fertility and degradation, as well as their cultivation and management practices. Farmers counteract spatial crop growth variability by within-field fallow; kraaling; spot applications of manure, crop residues and household waste; by intentionally moving their settlements; and by exploiting the micro-environmental differences around specific tree and shrub species. However, these strategies also enforce the spatial crop growth variability. The accuracy of farmers' comprehensive knowledge of agriculture, soil, animal husbandry and agro-forestry was confirmed by compartmentalized on-farm and on-station studies conducted in the same region, although explanations of farmers and researchers were not always the same. Farmers are aware of soil fertility management technologies, either coming from outside or developed within the farming community, but are often unable to translate these into action on a large scale. This is due to insufficient resources and socioeconomic, as well as institutional, constraints such as cattle ownership, land tenure, labour requirements and prices of inputs. Implications for agricultural research and technology generation are discussed.

Electron microscopy study of reactively sputter-deposited Ti/N films on silicon

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1362-1363
Author(s):  
V. C. Kannan ◽  
A. K. Singh ◽  
R. B. Irwin ◽  
S. Chittipeddi ◽  
F. D. Nkansah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Hexagonal Phase ◽  
Microscopy Study ◽  
Electron Microscopy Study ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Tin Films ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fcc Phase ◽  
Circuits Vlsi

Titanium nitride (TiN) films have historically been used as diffusion barrier between silicon and aluminum, as an adhesion layer for tungsten deposition and as an interconnect material etc. Recently, the role of TiN films as contact barriers in very large scale silicon integrated circuits (VLSI) has been extensively studied. TiN films have resistivities on the order of 20μ Ω-cm which is much lower than that of titanium (nearly 66μ Ω-cm). Deposited TiN films show resistivities which vary from 20 to 100μ Ω-cm depending upon the type of deposition and process conditions. TiNx is known to have a NaCl type crystal structure for a wide range of compositions. Change in color from metallic luster to gold reflects the stabilization of the TiNx (FCC) phase over the close packed Ti(N) hexagonal phase. It was found that TiN (1:1) ideal composition with the FCC (NaCl-type) structure gives the best electrical property.

FERTILIZATION SYSTEM AS A WAY OF SOIL FERTILITY AND STABILIZATION OF FIELD CROP ROTATION PRODUCTIVENESS

1970 ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
V. T. Sinegovskaya ◽  
E. T. Naumchenko
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Rotation System ◽  
Mobile Phosphorus ◽  
Crop Rotation System ◽  
Fertilizer System

The article presents the results of comparative evaluation of the efficiency of the long-term application of mineral and organic fertilizers in the crop rotation system. It was found that the application of the mineral fertilizer system increased the value of hydrolytic acidity of the soil from 4,30 to 5,29 mg-eq per 100 g of soil, the indicator of metabolic acidity decreased from 5,2 to 4,9 pH units. By the end of the 11th rotation for both fertilizer systems, the content of mobile phosphorus increased by more than 4 times relative to the initial value, its mobility indicator – by 2,2-3,2 times compared with the control. The use of the organo-mineral system was accompanied by an increase in the content of humus by 0,35 % and a decrease in the C:N ratio from 11,2 to 8,9. The increased productivity of wheat was revealed when applying nitrogen and nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers against the background of prolonged use of the mineral and organo-mineral fertilizer system. The change in wheat productivity by 56 % depended on the content of mineral nitrogen, mobile phosphorus, humus in the topsoil, and on the phosphate ion mobility. Soybean productivity depended on soil fertility indicators only by 24 %: the relationship between soybean productivity and the mineral forms of nitrogen and phosphorus is weak and direct, between productivity and P2O5 mobility - weak and inverse, with humus - moderate and direct.

THE SOME QUESTIONS OF AUTONOMOUS MOTION AND MANAGEMENT OF LAND-MOBILE ROBOTIC COMPLEXES FOR UKRAINIAN GROUND FORCESE

2019 ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
О. Кravchuk ◽  
V. Symonenkov ◽  
I. Symonenkova ◽  
O. Hryhorev
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Distributed Information ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
Information Management Systems ◽  
Robotic Devices ◽  
Principles And Standards ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Eu

Today, more than forty countries of the world are engaged in the development of military-purpose robots. A number of unique mobile robots with a wide range of capabilities are already being used by combat and intelligence units of the Armed forces of the developed world countries to conduct battlefield intelligence and support tactical groups. At present, the issue of using the latest information technology in the field of military robotics is thoroughly investigated, and the creation of highly effective information management systems in the land-mobile robotic complexes has acquired a new phase associated with the use of distributed information and sensory systems and consists in the transition from application of separate sensors and devices to the construction of modular information subsystems, which provide the availability of various data sources and complex methods of information processing. The purpose of the article is to investigate the ways to increase the autonomy of the land-mobile robotic complexes using in a non-deterministic conditions of modern combat. Relevance of researches is connected with the necessity of creation of highly effective information and control systems in the perspective robotic means for the needs of Land Forces of Ukraine. The development of the Armed Forces of Ukraine management system based on the criteria adopted by the EU and NATO member states is one of the main directions of increasing the effectiveness of the use of forces (forces), which involves achieving the principles and standards necessary for Ukraine to become a member of the EU and NATO. The inherent features of achieving these criteria will be the transition to a reduction of tasks of the combined-arms units and the large-scale use of high-precision weapons and land remote-controlled robotic devices. According to the views of the leading specialists in the field of robotics, the automation of information subsystems and components of the land-mobile robotic complexes can increase safety, reliability, error-tolerance and the effectiveness of the use of robotic means by standardizing the necessary actions with minimal human intervention, that is, a significant increase in the autonomy of the land-mobile robotic complexes for the needs of Land Forces of Ukraine.

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