scholarly journals Carbon-Based Materials in Photodynamic and Photothermal Therapies Applied to Tumor Destruction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Janeri Lagos ◽  
Hilde Harb Buzza ◽  
Vanderlei Salvador Bagnato ◽  
María Paulina Romero
Keyword(s):  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Graphene Quantum Dots ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Grand Challenge ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
New Class ◽  
Tumor Destruction ◽  
Therapeutic Drugs ◽  
Carbon Based

Within phototherapy, a grand challenge in clinical cancer treatments is to develop a simple, cost-effective, and biocompatible approach to treat this disease using ultra-low doses of light. Carbon-based materials (CBM), such as graphene oxide (GO), reduced GO (r-GO), graphene quantum dots (GQDs), and carbon dots (C-DOTs), are rapidly emerging as a new class of thera-peutic materials against cancer. This mini-review summarizes the progress in lasts years re-garding the applications of CBM in photodynamic (PDT) and photothermal (PTT) therapies for tumor destruction. The current understanding of the performance of modified CBM, hybrids and composites, is also addressed. This approach seeks to achieve an enhanced healing action by im-proving and modulating the properties of CBM to treat various types of cancer. Metal oxides, organic molecules, biopolymers, therapeutic drugs, among others, have been combined with CBM to treat cancer by PDT, PTT, or synergistic therapies.

scholarly journals Carbon-Based Materials in Photodynamic and Photothermal Therapies Applied to Tumor Destruction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Janeri Lagos ◽  
Hilde Harb Buzza ◽  
Vanderlei Salvador Bagnato ◽  
María Paulina Romero
Keyword(s):  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Graphene Quantum Dots ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Grand Challenge ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
New Class ◽  
Tumor Destruction ◽  
Therapeutic Drugs ◽  
Carbon Based

Within phototherapy, a grand challenge in clinical cancer treatments is to develop a simple, cost-effective, and biocompatible approach to treat this disease using ultra-low doses of light. Carbon-based materials (CBM), such as graphene oxide (GO), reduced GO (r-GO), graphene quantum dots (GQDs), and carbon dots (C-DOTs), are rapidly emerging as a new class of thera-peutic materials against cancer. This mini-review summarizes the progress in lasts years re-garding the applications of CBM in photodynamic (PDT) and photothermal (PTT) therapies for tumor destruction. The current understanding of the performance of modified CBM, hybrids and composites, is also addressed. This approach seeks to achieve an enhanced healing action by im-proving and modulating the properties of CBM to treat various types of cancer. Metal oxides, organic molecules, biopolymers, therapeutic drugs, among others, have been combined with CBM to treat cancer by PDT, PTT, or synergistic therapies.

scholarly journals Carbon-Based Materials in Photodynamic and Photothermal Therapies Applied to Tumor Destruction

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Karina J. Lagos ◽  
Hilde H. Buzzá ◽  
Vanderlei S. Bagnato ◽  
María Paulina Romero
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Quantum Dots ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Antitumor Action ◽  
Grand Challenge ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
New Class ◽  
Tumor Destruction ◽  
Therapeutic Drugs ◽  
Made In ◽  
Carbon Based

Within phototherapy, a grand challenge in clinical cancer treatments is to develop a simple, cost-effective, and biocompatible approach to treat this disease using ultra-low doses of light. Carbon-based materials (CBM), such as graphene oxide (GO), reduced GO (r-GO), graphene quantum dots (GQDs), and carbon dots (C-DOTs), are rapidly emerging as a new class of therapeutic materials against cancer. This review summarizes the progress made in recent years regarding the applications of CBM in photodynamic (PDT) and photothermal (PTT) therapies for tumor destruction. The current understanding of the performance of modified CBM, hybrids and composites, is also addressed. This approach seeks to achieve an enhanced antitumor action by improving and modulating the properties of CBM to treat various types of cancer. Metal oxides, organic molecules, biopolymers, therapeutic drugs, among others, have been combined with CBM to treat cancer by PDT, PTT, or synergistic therapies.

A Review on Important Histone Acetyltransferase (HAT) Enzymes as Targets for Cancer Therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-130
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ghanbari ◽  
Reza Safaralizadeh ◽  
Kiyanoush Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Histone Acetyltransferase ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Control Of Gene Expression ◽  
Post Translational Modifications ◽  
Therapeutic Drugs ◽  
The Status ◽  
Acetyl Group ◽  
Increase Gene Expression

At the present time, cancer is one of the most lethal diseases worldwide. There are various factors involved in the development of cancer, including genetic factors, lifestyle, nutrition, and so on. Recent studies have shown that epigenetic factors have a critical role in the initiation and development of tumors. The histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and other PTMs are important mechanisms that regulate the status of chromatin structure and this regulation leads to the control of gene expression. The histone acetylation is conducted by histone acetyltransferase enzymes (HATs), which are involved in transferring an acetyl group to conserved lysine amino acids of histones and consequently increase gene expression. On the basis of similarity in catalytic domains of HATs, these enzymes are divided into different groups such as families of GNAT, MYST, P300/CBP, SRC/P160, and so on. These enzymes have effective roles in apoptosis, signaling pathways, metastasis, cell cycle, DNA repair and other related mechanisms deregulated in cancer. Abnormal activation of HATs leads to uncontrolled amplification of cells and incidence of malignancy signs. This indicates that HAT might be an important target for effective cancer treatments, and hence there would be a need for further studies and designing of therapeutic drugs on this basis. In this study, we have reviewed the important roles of HATs in different human malignancies.

Graphene quantum dots supported by graphene oxide as a sensitive fluorescence nanosensor for cytochrome c detection and intracellular imaging

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (31) ◽  
pp. 6300-6306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Cao ◽  
Xiangqing Li ◽  
Lixia Qin ◽  
Shi-Zhao Kang ◽  
Guodong Li
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Graphene Quantum Dots ◽  
A549 Cells ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Fluorescence Sensor ◽  
Intracellular Imaging ◽  
New Class ◽  
Sensitivity And Selectivity

A new class of Cyt c detection fluorescence sensor based on graphene quantum dots supported by graphene oxide has been facilely developed. The sensor shows a high sensitivity and selectivity for Cyt c detection, and further exhibits favorable intracellular imaging in A549 cells.

The Offshore Supply Vessel as a Naval Auxiliary

1975 ◽  
Vol 12 (04) ◽  
pp. 405-416
Author(s):  
Salvadore J. Guarino
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
New Class

In the late 1960's the expanded international search for petroleum imposed new and rigorous demands on the offshore supply vessel. These vessels entered a phase of their evolution which has resulted in a class of vessel proven to be remarkably versatile and cost effective. This paper reviews the history and development of the offshore supply boat and describes the features and capabilities of these vessels which the author believes will enable them to serve as a new class of naval auxiliary capable of multimission utilization.

Removeal of Arsenic(III) from Water by Using a New Class of Zero-Valent Iron Modified Mesoporous Silica Molecular Sieves SBA-15

2011 ◽  
Vol 356-360 ◽  
pp. 423-429
Author(s):  
Meng Ye ◽  
Jin Huang ◽  
Rui Chen ◽  
Qi Zhuang He
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Sieves ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Zero Valent Iron ◽  
Preparation Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Wet Impregnation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
New Class ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Removal Of Arsenic

An elevated arsenic (As) content in groundwater imposes a great threat to people worldwide. Thus, developing new and cost-effective methods to remove As from groundwater and drinking water becomes a priority. Using Zero-Valent iron (ZVI) to remove As from water is a proven technology. In this study, ZVI modified SBA-15 mesoporous silicamolecular sieves (ZVI-SBA-15), was prepared, characterized, and used for removing arsenic from water. Wet impregnation, drying, and calcination steps led to iron inclusion within the mesopores. Iron oxide was reduced to ZVI by NaBH4, and the ZVI modified SBA-15 was obtained. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the preparation process of the nitrate to oxide forms. The structure of the materials was confirmed by Powder X-ray diffraction. Its data indicated that the structure of ZVI-SBA-15 retained the host SBA-15 structure. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis revealed a decrease in surface area and pore size, indicating ZVI-SBA-15 coating on the inner surfaces. Transmission electron micrographs also confirmed that modified SBA-15 retained the structure of the parent SBA-15 silica.It has a high uptake capability(more than 90 pecent) make it potentially attractive absorbent for the removal of arsenic from water.

scholarly journals Transgenic goats producing an improved version of cetuximab in milk

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Götz Laible ◽  
Sally Cole ◽  
Brigid Brophy ◽  
Paul Maclean ◽  
Li How Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Immunogenic Epitope ◽  
Dependent Cell ◽  
Transgenic Goats

ABSTRACTTherapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) represent one of the most important classes of pharmaceutical proteins to treat human diseases. Most are produced in cultured mammalian cells which is expensive, limiting their availability. Goats, striking a good balance between a relatively short generation time and copious milk yield, present an alternative platform for the cost-effective, flexible, large-scale production of therapeutic mAbs. Here, we focused on cetuximab, a mAb against epidermal growth factor receptor, that is commercially produced under the brand name Erbitux and approved for anti-cancer treatments. We generated several transgenic goat lines that produce cetuximab in their milk. Two lines were selected for detailed characterization. Both showed stable genotypes and cetuximab production levels of up to 10g/L. The mAb could be readily purified and showed improved characteristics compared to Erbitux. The goat-produced cetuximab (gCetuximab) lacked a highly immunogenic epitope that is part of Erbitux. Moreover, it showed enhanced binding to CD16 and increased antibody-dependent cell-dependent cytotoxicity compared to Erbitux. This indicates that these goats produce an improved cetuximab version with the potential for enhanced effectiveness and better safety profile compared to treatments with Erbitux. In addition, our study validates transgenic goats as an excellent platform for large-scale production of therapeutic mAbs.

scholarly journals Carbon Based Nanodots in Early Diagnosis of Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gurpal Singh ◽  
Harinder Kaur ◽  
Akanksha Sharma ◽  
Joga Singh ◽  
Hema Kumari Alajangi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Graphene Quantum Dots ◽  
Carbon Quantum Dots ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Early Diagnosis Of Cancer ◽  
Successful Treatment Outcome ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Carbon Based

Detection of cancer at an early stage is one of the principal factors associated with successful treatment outcome. However, current diagnostic methods are not capable of making sensitive and robust cancer diagnosis. Nanotechnology based products exhibit unique physical, optical and electrical properties that can be useful in diagnosis. These nanotech-enabled diagnostic representatives have proved to be generally more capable and consistent; as they selectively accumulated in the tumor site due to their miniscule size. This article rotates around the conventional imaging techniques, the use of carbon based nanodots viz Carbon Quantum Dots (CQDs), Graphene Quantum Dots (GQDs), Nanodiamonds, Fullerene, and Carbon Nanotubes that have been synthesized in recent years, along with the discovery of a wide range of biomarkers to identify cancer at early stage. Early detection of cancer using nanoconstructs is anticipated to be a distinct reality in the coming years.

OP02 A Managed Access Approach To Appraising New Cancer Drugs In England

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Linda Landells ◽  
Martyn Burke ◽  
Meindert Boysen
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Appraisal Committee ◽  
Cancer Drugs ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Considerable Uncertainty ◽  
Health Technologies ◽  
Current Price

INTRODUCTION:The changing regulatory landscape brings new challenges to Health Technology Assessment (HTA). Marketing authorizations are being granted as the evidence base evolves to facilitate timely patient access to promising health technologies. Consequently, some products come to HTA bodies sooner in their development cycles with less evidence, which ultimately leads to greater uncertainty in decision making. A key challenge for payer and HTA bodies is providing access to promising medicines while the evidence is still emerging, in a financially sustainable way.METHODS:Changes to the Cancer Drugs Fund (CDF) have resulted in a managed access fund for cancer medicines in England. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) can now recommend a treatment for use within the CDF if there is plausible potential to satisfy the criteria for routine use in the National Health Service (NHS) at its current price, but the evidence is not robust enough and associated with significant uncertainty. Further evidence is then generated in clinical trials, through observational data collection, or a combination of the two, while the drug's price reflects the decision uncertainty. At the end of the managed access period, NICE reviews the guidance to determine if the treatment can be recommended for routine commissioning.RESULTS:The first treatment recommended for use within the new CDF was osimertinib for non-small cell lung cancer (1). At the time of NICE appraisal, there was considerable uncertainty in osimertinib's clinical and cost effectiveness because only short-term phase II trial results were available. NICE's independent appraisal committee considered there was plausible potential for osimertinib to be cost effective and identified that an ongoing phase III trial would provide longer-term data addressing the key uncertainties.CONCLUSIONS:An integrated approach between payer and HTA decision-maker has significantly changed how cancer treatments in England are appraised. This collaborative way of working heralds a more sustainable approach to introducing promising cancer treatments.

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