scholarly journals Financial Statement Analysis of Ashok Leyland Limited, India

Author(s):  
Harshadeep Chilukuri ◽  
Stephy Thankam Varghese

<p><em>The Indian auto industry is one of the largest in the world. The industry accounts for 7.1 per cent of the country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP). As of Financial Year 2014-2015, around 31 per cent of small cars sold globally were manufactured in India. The Two Wheelers segment with 81 per cent market share is the leader of the Indian Automobile market owing to a growing middle class and a young population.</em></p><p><em>               </em><em>     Moreover, the growing interest of the companies in exploring the rural markets further aided the growth of the sector. India is also a prominent auto exporter and has strong export growth expectations for the near future. In April-January 2016, exports of Commercial Vehicles registered a growth of 18.36 per cent over April-January 2015. In addition, several initiatives by the Government of India and the major automobile players in the Indian market were expected to make India a leader in the Two Wheeler (2W) and Four Wheeler (4W) market in the world by 2020.</em></p><p><em> </em><em>India’s second largest commercial vehicle maker Ashok Leyland has shown a declining trend in the total sales during August 2016 by 6 per cent due to lower growth in Medium and Heavy Vehicle segment. The company sold ten thousand eight hundred and ninety-seven (10,897) vehicles in the month gone by, compared with 11,544 units sold in the same month last year. Medium &amp; Heavy commercial vehicle sales during the month declined 8 percent to 8201 units while light commercial vehicle sales grew by 2 percent to 2696 units on yearly basis. The contribution of Ashok Leyland in the growth of the automobile industry is very high. Hence an attempt is made to analyse the financial statement of <strong>Ashok Leyland.</strong></em></p><em><strong></strong></em>

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
Muhammad Saeed ◽  
Ijaz Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Ahmad Usman

The catastrophe that the world is now facing in the form of COVID-19, has affected most of the world economies and financial markets as a result of lockdown, travelling restrictions, and social distances. The present study attempted to investigate the effects of COVID-19 on the stock returns of the Pakistan Stock Exchange. The data employed comprises daily prices of Pakistan Stock Exchange, the daily value of exchange rate over the period 01 January 2011 to 30 April 2021, and a dummy variable for COVID-19 which takes 1 for the period during COVID-19 and 0 for the period before. The data were sourced from the Karachi Stock Exchange website, National Institute of Health Sciences Pakistan, and State Bank of Pakistan. We applied the autoregressive conditional heteroskedastic (ARCH) and the associate generalized autoregressive conditionally heteroskedastic (GARCH) approaches to analyze the impact. Our findings revealed that a negative relationship exists between our variables of interest with mean returns and a positive relationship with the volatility of the KSE-100 index. This implies that the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the stock price and increases the volatility of the KSE-100 index, and further affects the financial system. The study recommends that an urgent and powerful response is needed on the part of the government,including strong measures to prevent a severe stock market crash in Pakistan in near future.


Author(s):  
Md. Lutfor Rahman Shimanta ◽  
Hridoy Gope ◽  
Israt Jahan Sumaiya

The outbreak of Corona Virus effected negatively on the world&rsquo;s economy which has already touched the maximum sectors. Readymade garments sector has the large contribution in Bangladesh&rsquo;s economy. For increasing the locked down period, it is hitting badly by stopping production and cancellation of orders with some issues. This paper will represent the brief scenario and impacts of garments sector in recent days and the economy status of Bangladesh for the pandemic. The study is based on secondary data, collected from different authentic journals and web portals etc. Bangladesh&rsquo;s garments earnings mostly depended on export but on these days, the buyers are cancelling their orders and the factories are being failed to give payments to the worker, some are being shut down also. As the duration of locked down is increasing, there is a huge chance to get unemployed and Bangladesh can be faced an undisciplined condition in near future. BGMEA and BKMEA are taking necessary steps to support the worker. Ensuring health security, the authorities are trying to reopen the factories limitedly to meet up the immediate needs. The government has taken the situation on most priority and introduce some improvement packages to run the economy smoothly and reduce the losses of the country for the pandemic.


Author(s):  
Y. Kvashnin

The author points out that, despite some success in 2010, the medium-term prospects of Greece do not inspire much optimism. Even in the case of a quick recovery of the world economy in the next two years (which is highly questionable), the country will face a continuation of the recession. It is very likely that in the near future the government will have to restructure public debt, which reached 125% of GDP by 2010. Besides that, Greece faces a very difficult foreign policy challenge, that is to restore the credibility from the EU and to prove that Greece’s admittance to the Eurozone was not a mistake.


Author(s):  
J. M. Dickson-Simpson

Safety-consciousness has never been so evident in the road-transport industry as it is now. The Ministry of Transport deserves much credit for this awareness but is now in danger of actually inhibiting progress through its enthusiasm to make regulations on detail engineering features and by being tardy in keeping regulations in line with latest scientific knowledge. Commercial vehicles present their own special safety problems as a result of the very varied operational environment in which they work. Loadings and weight distributions change markedly from journey to journey. Regulations impose tight restrictions. Noise, limited rearward vision, and harsh suspension produce driver-fatigue problems. Increase in operating speeds is making fresh assessments of handling, aerodynamics and braking quite urgent. Much remains to be done even though big advances have already been made and British technology in commercial-vehicle design now leads the world in many respects.


2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Suk Chang ◽  
Jong Chan Park

Commercial vehicles need to use PHM because the drivers cannot earn money during that period when a breakdown occurs. However, PHM technology has been actively applied in aviation and military, but it is also true that it has never been properly applied due to various limitations in automobile industry. In this study, PHM methodology suitable for commercial vehicle is constructed. In the first step, the type, number, and position of the sensors are selected by applying the optimization technique so that the failure mode can be detected with considering cost reduction. Second, in case of a single vehicle such as aviation or military, PHM could be applied by using only data acquisition. However, in the case of commercial vehicles with several derivative cars, a hybrid model that considers the analytical model and data acquisition was applied to construct a diagnosis and prognostic model. Lastly, until now data driven approach was a way to check the status with the data obtained from the sensor and to report the remaining useful life when it continued. In advanced, in the vehicle, a dynamic model should be used to take into account external environment. And the SOFT SENSOR methodology that can catch the state of a specific weak point by using the detailed analysis model of NVH, thermal, and strength has been constructed.


2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 503-512
Author(s):  
Fei-Hui Huang

More than 13.7 million people in Taiwan are scooter users, which signifies the highest density of scooter users in the world. The aim of the present study is to use the user experience (UX) evaluation methods to investigate the factors that influence the users’ satisfaction, recommendation intention, and willingness to accommodate Electric two-wheelers (E2Ws). An online survey design has been used to recruit two-wheeler owners who live in Taiwan. The results of the hierarchical multiple regression analysis, based on a sample of 315 Taiwanese, indicate that the variables of satisfaction, positive emotions, and riding experience predicted whether users intended to recommend a two-wheeler. The results also reveal that external motivation is the core factor that influences a rider’s willingness to purchase an E2W. It highlights the importance of providing opportunities for people to experience the advantages of E2Ws and services. Having good hedonic and pragmatic experiences accumulated during two-wheeler usage may further positively influence the users’ satisfaction and intrinsic motivation. It is recommended that the government and the related industries consider the above issues when formulating related policies or developing E2W or battery technologies.


1996 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 85-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Ok Lee ◽  
Keunchul Lee ◽  
Jae-Jin Kim ◽  
Gill-Chin Lim

This article deals with the current challenges and future strategies for the Korean automobile industry in the global market. To understand its strengths and weaknesses, the trends of the world market for motor vehicles and the development of the Korean automobile industry are discussed. In the first part, Korea's automobile production in the world market is examined. A brief overview of the production and consumption of automobiles is provided along with a description of the four-stage development of Korean car production. In the second part, various forces of production are identified that affect Korean automakers’ competitiveness in the global market. Capital formation, labor relations, the role of government, management style, production technology, research and development, and workmanship are discussed briefly. Finally, in light of current observations, some of the challenges for the Korean automobile industry in the future are pointed out and some recommendations for automakers, labor, and the government are offered.


2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Hartiniati Hartiniati

Indonesia has one of the largest Coal Bed Methane (CBM) reserves in the world with a potential 453 trillion cubic feet (“Tcf”), more than double the country’s natural gasreserves. The government, therefore, is planning to exploite its huge potential reserves and targetting to produce 1 billion standard cubic fee per day, or about 0.18 million barrelof oil equivalent, by 2025. Several new regulations have been passed, but non is related to protection to the environment as an impact of the development of CBM. If it is not well regulated and managed properly, the environmental impact will be enormous. This paper presents assessment results on the environmental and social impacts which likelywill be faced by Indonesia from improper development of CBM in Indonesia. Certainly, there will be very serious and unaviodable negative impacts to the environment withoutcareful plan and proper environmental regulation put in place prior to the development of CBM. The government will have to develop a specific regulation regarding CBMdevelopment in the near future before everything is too late.


2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
N. C. Shilpa ◽  
M. Amulya

Financial distress leads to bankruptcy of firm which features systemic impact on both macro and micro economy of the country. Industry characteristics too play an important role in endurance of firm and successively with its financial strategies. Compulsion to evaluate the financial strength of firm is a significant aspect for both Internal and External stakeholders, especially creditors. Information that firm is approaching distress can set out managerial actions to anticipate problems before they occur. Drastic changes in automobile policies in India have mixed effects on Automobile Industry. This paper is an attempt to evaluate the financial health of automobile industry in India. Automobile industry has been classified into four categories based on products namely Passenger car, commercial vehicles, motorcycle/ mopeds and scooters &amp; 3-wheelers manufacturers. The Altman Z score model developed for manufacturing firms has been applied for ten years (2007 to 2016) during which period features Automotive Mission Plan framed by Government of India. The study reveals that commercial vehicle manufactures are in intermediate area of financial distress and calls for agile action.


2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (20) ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
Boris Tchitchinadze

The presented paper analyzes the economic situation in Georgia against the background of the world pandemic. The relevant statistical data on the high tax balance and dollarization ratio of Georgia are presented in detail. The article notes that Georgia did not have a good starting economic rate even before the Coronavirus pandemic, which creates a precondition for future problems. The paper focuses on the need for rapid economic reforms. The paper presents conclusions and recommendations on the measures to be taken by the government in the near future. If the recommendations presented by the central government in the near future do not take into account the pandemic in the country, the socio-economic situation will become even more complicated, which will pose a significant threat to political stability as a whole. An analysis of the economic situation in Georgia prior to the spread of the coronavirus clearly demonstrates the need for a rapid, time-bound, national economic policy. This reforms should be provide to get healthy the situation, which caused coronavirus pandemic and develop of the economy from 2021. Georgia has all the necessary resources (intellectual, natural, strategic location) to deal with the negative consequences of the global pandemic and to take effective steps compared to other countries to ensure the stabilization of the economy. Therefore, in order to improve the overall macroeconomic situation of the country, appropriate reforms should be carried out quickly. When carrying out reforms, it should be taking into account that an important impediment to improving the country's economic situation will be the fact that significant problems have accumulated in the modern global world in the following areas, such as: international rating companies, international financial institutions and international lobbying institutions. Despite the effective steps taken to solve the problem, the situation in this direction is entering in deeper crisis, and overall it is hindering the real improvement of the economic situation of countries (especially developing countries). it is necessary that The Government of Georgia take into account the significant problems existing in the above-mentioned international organizations when pursuing national economic policy. Although various international financial institutions, compared to other countries, make positive forecasts about the economic situation in Georgia, it still does not entitle us to calm down. It is well known that the governments and central banks of almost every country in the world have allocated colossal sums of money to alleviate the difficult economic situation caused by the coronavirus. Complicating the situation is the fact that it is still unknown whether there will be a second wave of virus outbreaks. In the world is an extraordinary and difficult to predict situation in this regard. International organizations, such as the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the Asian Bank, the World Trade Organization, etc., can not forecast the current situation and can not offer relevant recommendations to countries, while such recommendations are vital, especially developing countries. The situation is further complicated by the fact that the Nobel Prize winners in the field of economics do not make any predictions about the extraordinary situation and do not offer appropriate action plans to the governments of the countries of the world. Therefore it is still unknown in the near future what socio-economic problems will be in countries the light of this pandemic. Given the complex and unpredictable economic situation in the world, the Government of Georgia needs to prepare a short-term and long-term strategic development plan based on local resources (National Academy of Sciences, higher education institutions, national research institutions, etc.) Will facilitate handling. According to this strategic plan, Georgia should avoid the expected risks as much as possible.


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