scholarly journals Karakterisasi Morfologi dan Mutu Buah Mengkudu

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Endjo Djauhariya ◽  
Mono Rahardjo ◽  
NFN Ma'mun
Keyword(s):  
Bitter Taste ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Morinda Citrifolia ◽  
Fruit Type ◽  
Extract Concentration ◽  
Small Fruit ◽  
Indian Mulberry

<p>The characterization of indian mulberry or noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) was conducted in some areas of Java in May to December 2003 to study their morfological and quality variations. It was found that there were seven distinct groups of noni types. Base on fruit size, there were two distinguished groups; types with big fruits (Types 1, 2, 4, and 5), and types with small fruits (types 3, 6, and 7). Big fruit had higher extract concentration than small fruit. Type 4 was seed less, had in highest juice percentage. The seed less type was rare and only found in Surakartya and Semarang in a limited population. The types widely grown throughout the entire survey areas. The type 5 has highest fruit weight, its fruits grew in cluster, it was found in Malingping and Tasikmalaya. Base on fruits taste, none could be grouped into two groups: fruits with sour-sweet taste and fruit with bitter taste. All types which grew near the beach had bitter taste. The bitter fruits did not fall when they were ripe, whereas the sour-sweet fruits fall at the some of ripening.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Penelitian dilakukan di sentra pertanaman mengkudu di Jawa Barat (Ciampea, Cipaku, Jasinga, Tasikmalaya), Banten (tepi pantai Malingping), Jawa Tengah (Surakarta, Semarang, Yogyakarta), dan di Jawa Timur (Lamongan) pada bulan Mei- Desember 2003, untuk mengetahui ciri-ciri morfologi dan mutu buah mengkudu. Telah diperoleh tujuh tipe mengkudu dengan perbedaan sifat-sifat morfologi, fisiologi, dan mutu buahnya. Perbedaan tipe mengkudu yang mencolok adalah bentuk, ukuran, rasa, dan rendemen daging buah. Dari ketujuh tipe tersebut terdapat dua tipe yang berukuran buah besar (tipe 1, 2, 4, dan 5), dan tipe berukuran buah kecil (tipe 3, 6, dan 7). Tipe mengkudu yang ukuran buahnya besar, rendemen jus dan daging buahnya lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan yang buahnya berukuran kecil. Dari tipe berukuran buah besar terdapat satu tipe berbiji sedikit yang dianggap seed less, yaitu tipe 4, sehingga rendemen daging buahnya tinggi. Tipe seed less termasuk langka, karena hanya ditemukan di Surakarta dan Semarang dengan populasi terbatas. Tipe yang mempunyai daerah penyebaran luas adalah tipe 1, ditemukan di tepi pantai hingga ketinggian 600 m dpl. Tipe 5 bobot buahnya paling tinggi, buah bercabang, ditemukan di Malingping dan Tasikmalaya. Rasa daging buah, dapat dibedakan menjadi dua kelompok, yaitu asam manis dan pahit. Semua tipe yang tumbuh di tepi pantai rasa buahnya pahit, dan setelah masak buahnya tidak langsung jatuh. Kelompok yang mempunyai rasa buah tidak pahit, buah tidak langsung jatuh setelah masak.</p>

scholarly journals Higher Temperatures Decrease Fruit Size in Strawberry Growing in the Subtropics

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Christopher Menzel
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Small Fruit ◽  
Solids Content

Five strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) cultivars were grown in Queensland, Australia to determine whether higher temperatures affect production. Transplants were planted on 29 April and data collected on growth, marketable yield, fruit weight and the incidence of small fruit less than 12 g until 28 October. Additional data were collected on fruit soluble solids content (SSC) and titratable acidity (TA) from 16 September to 28 October. Minimum temperatures were 2 °C to 4 °C higher than the long-term averages from 1965 to 1990. Changes in marketable yield followed a dose-logistic pattern (p < 0.001, R2s = 0.99). There was a strong negative relationship between fruit weight (marketable) and the average daily mean temperature in the four or seven weeks before harvest from 29 July to 28 October (p < 0.001, R2s = 0.90). There were no significant relationships between SSC and TA, and temperatures in the eight days before harvest from 16 September to 28 October (p > 0.05). The plants continued to produce a marketable crop towards the end of the season, but the fruit were small and more expensive to harvest. Higher temperatures in the future are likely to affect the economics of strawberry production in subtropical locations.

SOME EFFECTS ON FRUIT SIZE OF CHROMOSOME 2 OF THE TOMATO

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-146
Author(s):  
L. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Map ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Pleiotropic Effects ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Small Fruit ◽  
Number Of Cells

Fruit weights taken from two F2's of 1500 plants indicated that the genes d p o s Lc dil and suf all affect fruit weight. The recessive alleles, except suf and Lc, were associated with small fruit size. The data were analyzed to determine whether this association was the result of linkage or pleiotropic effects. The major effect occurred in the o region, which is some 44 units from the centromere of chromosome 2. The o gene makes the genes oval or pear-shaped instead of spherical, and it is shown that when the locule wall of a spherical fruit and an oval fruit are composed of the same number of cells, the spherical fruit is always heavier. Since cell number is the inherited unit of fruit size, then o is always associated with small size. A gene controlling number of locules, which affects fruit size, is also located in this section of the chromosome. The genes d and s, which are at opposite ends of the present linkage map, both appear to be linked with fruit size genes. It is suggested that these size genes lie in the hetero-chromatin which is adjacent to both ends of the linkage map. The genes dil and suf, which were produced by radiation of the same variety, appear to have pleiotropic effects on fruit size; suf increasing, and dil decreasing fruit size.

scholarly journals Morphological characterization of the red dragon fruit - Selenicereus undatus (Haw.) D.R. Hunt – under growing conditions in the municipality of San Jerónimo (Antioquia, Colombia)

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 9019-9027
Author(s):  
Jorge Andres Betancur G. ◽  
Sandra Bibiana Muriel R. ◽  
Elena Paola Gonzalez J.
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Agronomic Management ◽  
Dragon Fruit ◽  
Valle Del Cauca ◽  
Growing Conditions

The red dragon fruit Selenicereus undatus is a native fruit from the Americas. Its growing appeal in the international market as an exotic fruit highlights the relevance of the crop for the local economies. In Colombia, the high diversity within the genus and species makes it difficult to have reliable materials for propagation as cultivars. This agronomic challenge requires more studies of the distribution and real diversity within the genus Selenicereus sp. Due to the information aforementioned, the fruit is harvested in small localities as an extraction production system. This project aimed to morphologically characterize the working collection of red dragon fruit under growing conditions in the Municipality of San Jerónimo. It contained 30 accessions from the departments of Antioquia, Córdoba, and Valle del Cauca. Twenty-one characters of cladode, flower, and fruit were quantified to assess the diversity, and a restricted cluster analysis was performed to understand the morphological richness of the materials. As a result, it was observed differences in terms of stems, such as distance between areolas and width of cladode. This was also observed in flowers, in which their total length, the width of petals, the presence of trichomes, the color of calyx and petals, and the color of the stigma were different. Also, differences were recorded in the fruit. Characteristics such as weight and color of its skin were assessed, resulting in fruit size medium to small. Regarding other properties, total soluble solids varied between 11.2 to 15.6 °Brix. 55% of the fruits have measurements that fit market requirements. Finally, three accessions match the requirements of weight and °Brix, to be used as possible genotypes by commercial growers; however, studies about agronomic management strategies that favor an increase in fruit weight must be done.

scholarly journals Temperature Has a Greater Effect on Fruit Growth than Defoliation or Fruit Thinning in Strawberries in the Subtropics

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Menzel
Keyword(s):  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Fragaria Ananassa ◽  
Fruit Thinning ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Small Fruit ◽  
Marketable Fruit

Fruit size declines in strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) as the season progresses in many subtropical areas, possibly due to inadequate leaf area, over-cropping, or high temperatures. An experiment was conducted to investigate the importance of these factors on fruit growth in ‘Festival’ in Queensland, Australia. Groups of plants were defoliated to remove half of the mature leaves on each plant, thinned to remove all the inflorescences on each plant, or defoliated and thinned. Control plants were left intact. Defoliation, thinning, or defoliation + thinning decreased yield (total and/or marketable) by 15% to 24% compared with the control. Defoliation, or defoliation + thinning decreased average fruit weight (total and/or marketable fruit) by 1 to 2 g compared with the control, whereas thinning had the opposite effect. The incidence of small fruit increased towards the end of the season. There were strong relationships between fruit weight and average daily mean temperature in the seven weeks before harvest (R2s greater than 0.80). Fruit weight decreased from 24 g to 8 g as the temperature increased from 16 °C to 20 °C. This response was not affected by defoliation or thinning. The strong effect of temperature on fruit size indicates a problem for production in the future in the absence of heat-tolerant cultivars.

scholarly journals Characterization of Attributes Related to Fruit Size in Pomegranate

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 908-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazel Y. Wetzstein ◽  
Zibin Zhang ◽  
Nadav Ravid ◽  
Michael E. Wetzstein
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Characteristics ◽  
Reported Health ◽  
Compositional Changes ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Pomegranate Fruit

Pomegranate fruit is valued for its juice-containing arils and is consumed and marketed as whole fresh fruit, extracted arils, juice, syrup (grenadine), wine, teas, seed oil, and other products. Recent consumption has rapidly increased attributable in part to reported health benefits that include efficacy against coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, cancer, hypertension, and infectious diseases. Within commercial orchards, the size of fruits produced can be quite variable even with trees of the same genotype grown under similar cultivation practices. Although pomegranates have been cultivated since antiquity, fruit attributes, particularly those related to size, are poorly defined. In this study, compositional changes in pomegranate fruits of the Wonderful cultivar, including volume and weight, aril weight and number, pericarp weight, seed weight, and juice/pulp content, were evaluated in fruits of variable sizes. Correlations between fruit characteristics were determined, and factor analysis established fruit and aril indices. Results indicated that because fruit volume, fruit weight, and total aril weight are closely correlated, any of these characteristics can be used as an indicator of fruit size. The number of arils per fruit was highly correlated with fruit size with larger fruit containing greater numbers of arils. This is in contrast to individual average aril weight, which showed no significant relationship to fruit size. Crop production strategies aimed at increasing aril numbers may be a means for obtaining larger fruit in pomegranate.

scholarly journals Pendugaan Ragam Genetik dan Heritabilitas Karakter Hasil dan Komponen Hasil Tomat (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) di Dua Lokasi

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Rudy Hermanto ◽  
Muhamad Syukur ◽  
Widodo .
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Size Group ◽  
Lycopersicum Esculentum ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Small Fruit ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Time Of Harvest

<p>ABSTRACT<br />The objective of the study was to determine the genetic variability and heritability for some characters of twenty tomato genotypes across at two locations. The experimental design used was Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), three replications as a block was nested in location (at two locations i.e Ciawi and Lembang). Plant materials were twenty genotypes: 42D, 50D, 96D, 61I, 40D, 21D, 59I, 57D, 40I, 102D, 58I, 59D, 94D, 43D, 60I, 99D, 100D, 98D, 04I dan Tora. Results indicated that time of harvest, fruit weight, number of fruit per plant, fruit length and fruit width had broad genetic variability. The characters of yield per plant and fruit firmness had narrow genetic variability. Broad-sense heritability was high for all observed characters. Genotype 42D can be used to develop high yielding tomato for small fruit size group, 59D and Tora for medium fruit size group, 97D and 94D for big fruit size group.<br />Keywords: broad, fruit, genetic, narrow, size, twenty</p><p>ABSTRAK<br />Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi keragaman genetik dan heritabilitas karakter hasil dan komponen hasil tomat (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) di dua lokasi. Percobaan dilakukan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak (RKLT) dua faktor dengan tiga ulangan. Ulangan tersarang dalam lokasi (dua lokasi yaitu Ciawi dan Lembang). Materi genetik yang digunakan adalah 20 galur murni generasi F-7 yaitu 42D, 50D, 96D, 61I, 40D, 21D, 59I, 57D, 40I, 102D, 58I, 59D, 94D, 43D, 60I, 99D, 100D, 98D, 04I dan Tora. Keragaman genetik yang luas terdapat pada karakter umur panen, bobot buah, jumlah buah per tanaman, panjang buah dan diameter buah, sedangkan keragaman genetik sempit terdapat pada karakter bobot buah per tanaman dan kekerasan buah. Semua karakter yang diamati mempunyai nilai heritabilitas arti luas yang tinggi. Genotipe 42D dapat digunakan untuk mengembangkan varietas tomat berdaya hasil tinggi untuk kelompok ukuran buah kecil. Genotipe 59D dan Tora untuk kelompok ukuran buah sedang dan genotipe 97D dan 94D untuk kelompok ukuran buah besar.<br />Kata kunci: buah, dua puluh, genetik, luas, sempit, ukuran</p>

Comparative Sequencing in the Genus Lycopersicon: Implications for the Evolution of Fruit Size in the Domestication of Cultivated Tomatoes

Genetics ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 162 (1) ◽  
pp. 365-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Clint Nesbitt ◽  
Steven D Tanksley
Keyword(s):  
Protein Sequence ◽  
Sequence Variation ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Small Fruit ◽  
Transcriptional Variation

Abstract Sequence variation was sampled in cultivated and related wild forms of tomato at fw2.2—a fruit weight QTL key to the evolution of domesticated tomatoes. Variation at fw2.2 was contrasted with variation at four other loci not involved in fruit weight determination. Several conclusions could be reached: (1) Fruit weight variation attributable to fw2.2 is not caused by variation in the FW2.2 protein sequence; more likely, it is due to transcriptional variation associated with one or more of eight nucleotide changes unique to the promoter of large-fruit alleles; (2) fw2.2 and loci not involved in fruit weight have not evolved at distinguishably different rates in cultivated and wild tomatoes, despite the fact that fw2.2 was likely a target of selection during domestication; (3) molecular-clock-based estimates suggest that the large-fruit allele of fw2.2, now fixed in most cultivated tomatoes, arose in tomato germplasm long before domestication; (4) extant accessions of L. esculentum var. cerasiforme, the subspecies thought to be the most likely wild ancestor of domesticated tomatoes, appear to be an admixture of wild and cultivated tomatoes rather than a transitional step from wild to domesticated tomatoes; and (5) despite the fact that cerasiforme accessions are polymorphic for large- and small-fruit alleles at fw2.2, no significant association was detected between fruit size and fw2.2 genotypes in the subspecies—as tested by association genetic studies in the relatively small sample studied—suggesting the role of other fruit weight QTL in fruit weight variation in cerasiforme.

scholarly journals Study of Different Variants of Cv. Langra (Mangifera indica L.) Based on Morphological and Yield Characters

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ankita Anu ◽  
Ravindra Kumar ◽  
Bishun Deo Prasad ◽  
G. S. Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Breeding Programme ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Genetic Level ◽  
East West

Study of morphological and yield characters of different genotypes of mango are easy and convenient methods to identify promising and desired genotype during breeding programme. So, keeping in view, the trial was conducted under the experimental area of  BAU, Sabour with objective of morphological and yields characterization of the variants of cv. Langra during the year 2012-13. The variants of cv. Langra significantly varied in respect of tree height(6.20 m to 11.40 m), trunk girth (95.00 cm to 280.00 cm), tree spread (East-West: 8.45 m to 17.40 m, North-South: 9.15 m to 17.05 m), duration of flowering (16.00 days to 20.00 days), fruit maturity (101.00 days to 123.00 days), fruit size(length: 8.58 to 13.66 cm, breadth: 6.39 to 10.87 cm), fruit weight (182.20 g to 843.90 g), fruit volume (171.40 ml to 699.40 ml), numbers of fruit per tree (32.50 to 1127.00 fruits)  and fruit yield per tree (10.95 to 358.83 kg). These results shows the significant variations in genetic level of different variants of cv. Langra, which can be used for introduction of superior variant and further, it can also be used in breeding programs.

scholarly journals Predicted Crop Value for a Cling Peach and Three Nectarines of Different Harvest Seasons as a Function of Crop Load

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 995C-995
Author(s):  
Gabino Reginato ◽  
Terence Robinson ◽  
Victor Garcia de Cortazar
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Small Fruit ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
On Farm

Several field experiments to assess the effect of tree size and crop load on fruit size and yield were conducted in a `Ross' cling peach orchard and in three nectarine orchards of different harvest seasons in Chile. Trees were randomly selected in each orchard and then hand-thinned at the beginning of pit hardening to a wide range of crop loads. The fraction of above-canopy photosynthetically active radiation intercepted by the canopy (PARi) was determined at harvest and all fruits were counted, weighted, and average fruit weight calculated. Cropload and yield were expressed in terms of fraction of PARi. Data on farm gate prices for export fruit of different sizes and export dates were obtained from a Chilean export company. For each orchard, the relationship between cropload and fruit size or cropload and yield efficiency was assessed by regression analysis. Fruit size distribution was calculated from adjusted fruit size assuming a normal fruit size distribution and valued according to shipment date and price. Using crop load as a covariate, fruit size adjusted for cropload was calculated for each nectarine orchard. Differences in adjusted fruit size and yield efficiency were detected among cultivars. Predicted crop value, normalized in terms of PARi intercepted, was calculated for all the cultivars. Large differences in predicted crop value were found for early, mid-season, and late-ripening nectarines. The early and late ripening cultivars showed the highest predicted crop value, especially at lower crop loads and larger fruit sizes. On the other hand, `Ross' cling peach showed its highest crop value at a medium crop load with high yield and relatively small fruit size. (Funded by FONDECYT grant 1930695.)

scholarly journals Morphological Characterization of Southern Jalisco, Mexico, Pomegranate Genotypes Using AFLP Markers

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1449
Author(s):  
Ernesto Tapia-Campos ◽  
Jessica del Pilar del Pilar Ramírez-Anaya ◽  
Adriana Cavazos-Garduño ◽  
Julio C. Serrano-Niño ◽  
Javier Cuauhtémoc Fragoso-Jiménez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Aflp Markers ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Polar Diameter ◽  
Nutraceutical Properties

Pomegranate is gaining popularity because of its proved nutraceutical properties and is highly adaptable to different climates. In southern Jalisco, Mexico, 18 genotypes were characterized on the basis of fruit characteristics (21 traits) and AFLP (Amplified Fragment length polymorphism) markers. The first three components of a principal components analysis (PCA) explained 71.5% of the variation. The most important variables were related to fruit size and weight. Fruit weight, equatorial diameter, polar diameter, and rind and membrane weight were the variables that most contributed to principal component one (PC1) 46.4%. The variables juice per fruit, edible proportion, proportion of rind and membrane, and seed length contributed most to principal component two (PC2) 15.2%, while juice pH, weight of one seed, and aril width contributed the most to principal component three (PC3) 9.9%. With the six combinations of AFLP primers, 315 fragments were obtained (an average of 52.5 fragments per primer); of these, 229 were polymorphic (72.7% polymorphism). Grouping by both morphological traits and AFLP markers separated all the evaluated individuals so that there were no repeated genotypes. In both analyses, the grouping did not obey geographic origin of the genotypes (r = −0.35), suggesting that both techniques were useful and complementary in the characterization of pomegranate genotypes. The commercial cultivars Wonderful and Apaseo had low levels of similarity to genotypes from southern Jalisco. The level of polymorphism found and compared with the results obtained by other authors suggests that the pomegranate genotypes evaluated are highly polymorphic. We found broad genetic diversity that can be used in breeding programs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document