scholarly journals KARAKTER MORFOLOGI DAN FISIOLOGI TAPAK DARA (Vinca rosea L.) PADA BEBERAPA CEKAMAN AIR

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
SUKARMAN SUKARMAN ◽  
I. DARWATI ◽  
D. RUSMiN
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Free Proline ◽  
Vinca Rosea ◽  
Medicinal Crops ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

<p><strong>Morphological and physiological characteristics of Vinca at di fferent water stress levels</strong></p><p>Vinca (Vinca rosea L.) is one of the important medicinal crops as the sources of raw materials for traditional medicines. Its alkaloid is believed can reduce the risk of cancer, blood tension and diabetes diseases. Recently, vinca is only grown as ornamental plant in the garden, therefore, its cultivation methods is limited, especially its water stress tolerance, lite purpose of this experiment was to study the effect of water stess on the morphological and physiological characteristics of vinca. A pot experiment was conducted in the plastics house of the Research Institute for Spice and Medicinal Crops from November 1997 to March 1998. Factorial experiment consisted two factors and three replications was arranged in a randomized block design. Ihe irst factor consisted of two vinca varieties, those wee white flowers (WFV) and red flowers of vinca (RFV). While 4 different levels of water stress i.e., (I) 100% ield capacity (FC), (2) 80% FC, (3) 60% FC, and (4) 40% FC were used as the second factor. Parameters used for evaluating the effect of teatment consisted of morphological characteristics such as (I) plant height, (2) number of primary branches, (3) number of leaves, (4) leaf area (5) dry weight of stem, (6) dry weight of leaf, (7) dry weight of flowers and (8) dry weight of roots, and physiological characteristics observed including: (I) percentages of opened stomata and (2) free proline content of leaf. Results showed that interaction between varieties and water stress did not significantly affect the morphological nor physiological characteristics. Varieties significantly affected the morphological characteristics (except plant height), however they did not signiicantly affect physiological characteristics. Water stress significantly affected the morphological (except dry weight of roots) and free proline contents. Under 80% FC, vinca produced the highest growth and dry weight of plant however, the plant growth and dry weight wee inhibited under 60 and 40% FC. Under 40% FC, percentages of opened stomata deceased signiicantly. Moeover, proline content in the leaves signiicantly increased by water stess treatments.</p>

PENGARUH CEKAMAN AIR TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT EMPAT NOMOR JAMBU MENTE (Anacardium occidentale. L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
DEVI RUSMIN ◽  
. SUKARMAN ◽  
. MELATI ◽  
MAHARANI HASANAH
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Anacardium Occidentale ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Medicinal Crops ◽  
Research Institute

<p>Ketersediaan air pada fasc pembibitan, merupakan salah satu faktor pembatas dalam pertumbuhan bibit jambu mente. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mendapatkan nomor harapan jambu mente (Anacardium occidentale I..) yang toleran terhadap cekaman air, khususnya pada fase pembibitan Percobaan dilaksanakan di rumah kaca Balai Penelitian Bioteknologi Tanaman Pangan dan Laboratorium Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat, dari bulan Mei-Agustus 2001. Rancangan faktorial dengan dua faktor dan tiga ulangan disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok. Faktor pertama adalah empat nomor harapan jambu mente yaitu : F2-8, III 4/2, P 293 dan B 02, dan sebagai faktor kedua adalah enam tingkat cekaman air yaitu : 50%, 55%, 60%, 65% 70% dan 75% kapasitas lapang (KL) Parameter yang diamati meliputi: pertumbuhan bibit (tinggi, jumlah daun, luas daun), bobot kering bibit (batang, daun dan akar), seta analisis kandungan prolin bebas. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa intcraksi nomor harapan dengan perlakuan cekaman air berbeda nyata terhadap kandungan prolin bebas. Kandungan prolin bebas tertinggi terdapat pada nomor B 0-2 pada cekaman air 50% KL, tetapi tidak berbeda nyata dengan F2-8, sedangkan kandungan prolin terendah didapatkan pada nomor III 4/2 dengan cekaman air 75% KL. Faktor tunggal nomor harapan berbeda nyata terhadap pertumbuhan bibit dan bobot keing bibit jambu mente. Dari empat nomor harapan yang diuji didapatkan bahwa nomor F2-8 mempunyai pertumbuhan bibit (tinggi, jumlah daun) dan bobot keing bibit yang paling tinggi dibandingkan nomor lainnya, sedangkan nomor B 0-2 mempunyai petumbuhan bibit (tinggi dan jumlah daun) dan bobot keing bibit yang paling rendah. Faktor tunggal tingkat cekaman air berbeda nyata terhadap pertumbuhan dan bobot keing bibit. Dai enam tingkat cekaman air didapatkan bahwa sampai cekaman air 70% KL pertumbuhan bibit (tinggi, jumlah daun, luas daun) tidak berbeda nyata, akan tetapi pada cekaman air 65% KL pertumbuhan dan bobot keing bibil berbeda nyata Berdasarkan petumbuhan bibit dan kandungan prolin bebas, dapat dikemukakan bahwa nomor F2-8. lebih toleran terhadap cekaman air dibandingkan dengan nomor lainnya.</p><p>Kata kunci: Anacardium occidentale L, cekaman air, petumbuhan, fase bibit</p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRACT </strong></p><p><strong>Effect of water stress on the growth offour cashew line seedlings </strong></p><p>Water shortage during the seedling growth stage cashew is one of the limiting factors. Water available, has impotance rule on the growth of cashew seedling Anacardium occidentale L., especially when cashew is cultivated in the dry climate regions. Therefore, the evaluation of some promising lines to water stress was conducted. The main goal of this study was to ind out the promising cashew lines which tolerant to water stress: especially at seedling stages. The experiment was conducted in the green house of the Research Institute for Food Crop Biotechnology, and the laboratory of Research Institute for Spice and Medicinal Crops, Bogor from Mei to Agustus 2001. Factorial expeiment with two factors and three replications was arranged in a randomized completely block design (RCBD). The irst factor consisted of four promising lines, F2-8, III 4/2, P293 and B 0-2 The second factor was six levels of water stress (50% 55%, 60% 65% 70% and 75%) ield capacity (FC). Data observation included the growth of seedling (height of seedling, number of leaves, leaf area/plant), dry weight (seedling) and content of free proline. The results of the experiment indicated that interaction between promising lines and water stress significantly affected the proline content. The highest proline content was found on number B0-2 at 50 % FC, however, it was not signiicantly different from number F2-8, while the lowest proline content was found on number III4/2 at 75 % FC. The ree proline content was also increase as water available decrease. Single factor, promising lines and water stress were significantly affected to the growth of seedling. F 2-8 and III4/2 produced better on growth and dry weight of seedling Up to70% ield capacity (FC) the growth of seeding was obviously normal and did not signiicantly different among promising lines, however, bellow 65 % (FC) growth of seedling was significantly affected by water available. Base on the growth of seedling and proline content indicated that F2-8 were more tolerance to water stress compared to others lines.</p><p>Keywords: Anacardium occidentale.L water stress, growth, seedling stage</p>

The effect of three osmotic agents on free proline and amino acid pools in Atriplex canescens and Hilaria jamesii

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 799-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Cress ◽  
Gordon V. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Free Proline ◽  
Atriplex Canescens ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol 4000 ◽  
Osmotic Agents

Three commonly used osmotic agents, mannitol, sucrose, and polyethylene glycol 4000, were used to simulate water stress in two arid region plant species, Hilaria jamesii (Torr.) Benth. and Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt. Large amounts of mannitol (300–1400 μmol/g dry wt.) and sucrose (450–660 μmol/g dry wt.) were absorbed by both plant species, while insignificant amounts of polyethylene glycol 4000 were absorbed. During osmotic stress, Hilaria jamesii accumulated large quantities of proline, while A. canescens accumulated only a small amount. Shoot proline content of both species varied significantly with the osmotic agents used to simulate water stress. These results indicate that use of absorbable osmotic agents to simulate water stress may have important metabolic effects on the concentration of free proline and other metabolites.

scholarly journals RESPON DAUN UNGU (Graptophyllumpictum L.) TERHADAP CEKAMAN AIR

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
IRENG DARWATI ◽  
ROSITA S.M. D. ◽  
. HERNANI
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Production Quality ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Medicinal Crops ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight ◽  
Number Of Branches

<p>Daun ungu atau handeuleum (Graptophyllum pictum I.) merupakan salah satu tanaman penghasil bahan baku obat Daunnya dapal digunakan untuk mengobati wasir, batu empedu. dan penyakit hati Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mcmpelajari pengaruh cekaman air terhadap produksi dan mutu daun handeuleum. Percobaan pot (polybag) dilakukan di rumah plastik Balai Penelitian lanaman Rempah dan Obat. Bogor mulai bulan September 1997 sampai dengan Februari 1998. Percobaan disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan 6 ulangan. Perlakuan tcrdiri atas 4 taraf cekaman air, yaitu : 1) 40% kapasitas lapang (KL), 2) 60% KL, 3) 80% KL dan 4) 100% KL. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa luas daun, jumlah cabang, bera( kering akar, berat kering ba(ang dan berat kering daun pada 60% KL dan 80% KL paling tinggi dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya Untuk mutu daun yang dihasilkan, dari semua perlakuan memenuhi persyaratan yang dilctapkan dalam Malcria Medika Indonesia.</p><p>Kata kunci : Graptophyllum pictum L. cekaman air, produksi, mutu</p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRACT </strong></p><p><strong>Effect of water stress on Graptophyllum pictum L.</strong></p><p>Graptophyllum pictum is one of the raw materials lor medicinal The leaf can be used for hemorrhoids, bladder and liver, The objectives of the experiment was to study the efect of drought stress on production and quality of leaves. Pot experiment was carried oul in green house of Research Institute for Spice and Medicinal Crops (RISMC). Bogor in September 1997 to February 1998. A randomized block design was used with six replicates. The treatments consisted of 4 levels of ield capacities 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%. The result of experiment showed mat leaf area, number of branches, root dry weight, branches dry weight and leaf dry weight on 60% and 80% of ield capacity were the highest compared with odier treatments. The quality of all treatments arc fulfilled in requirement of Indonesia Materia Mcdica.</p><p>Key words : Graptophyllum pictum L, water stress, production, quality</p>

scholarly journals Effects of water stress applied at different phenological phases of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
L Mekonnen
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Seed Filling ◽  
Days To Flowering ◽  
Filling Water

A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the response of two chickpea varieties to water stress at the College of Agriculture campus, Hawassa University under greenhouse from January to June 2017. Three water stress levels i.e. without stress (control), vegetative water stress and seed filling water stress were assigned as main plot, chickpea varieties Habru (Kabuli type) and Mastewal (Desi type). The treatments were laid in split plot design with four replications. The results showed that water stress significantly affected all parameters studied in this experiment. The seed filling water stress resulted greater reductions in the value of all tested parameters studied compared to optimum watering and vegetative stress except number of primary branches and harvesting index, which were significantly lower under vegetative water stress. As well, the two varieties significantly differed for all observed parameters except number of nodules per plant and nodule dry weight. Days to flowering, pod maturity, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and harvest index were significantly higher for Mastewal variety while, plant height, number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, dry biomass, seed yield per plant, hundred seed weight and root dry weight were greater for Habru variety. Days to flowering, plant height, seed yield per plant, hundred seed weight, number of pods per plant and harvest index were significantly affected (p<0.05) due to all two way interactions. Water management schemes that ensure to avoid especially terminal water stress could help to maintain chickpea production, which is usually grown with residual moisture by the majority of Ethiopian farmers. Given the fact that the results are obtained from a pot experiment there is a need to substantiate the findings with field experiments conducted under contrasting moisture environments. Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 10(1): 13-21, June 2020

scholarly journals Evaluation of Jatropha curcas L. leaves mulching on wheat growth and biochemical attributes under water stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Irshad ◽  
Faizan Ullah ◽  
Shah Fahad ◽  
Sultan Mehmood ◽  
Asif Ullah Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Carotenoid Content

Abstract Background Organic mulches are widely used in crop production systems. Due to their benefits in improving soil fertility, retention of soil moisture and weed control. Field experiments were conducted during wheat growing seasons of 2018–2019 and 2019–2020 to evaluate the effects of Jatropha leaves mulch on the growth of wheat varieties ‘Wadan-17’ (rainfed) and ‘Pirsabaq-2013’ (irrigated) under well irrigated and water stress conditions (non-irrigated maintaining 40% soil field capacity). Jatropha mulch was applied to the soil surface at 0, 1, 3 and 5 Mg ha−1 before sowing grains in the field. Under conditions of water stress, Jatropha mulch significantly maintained the soil moisture content necessary for normal plant growth. Results We noted a decrease in plant height, shoot and root fresh/dry weight, leaf area, leaf relative water content (LRWC), chlorophyll, and carotenoid content due to water stress. However, water stress caused an increase in leaf and root phenolics content, leaf soluble sugars and electrolytes leakage. We observed that Jatropha mulch maintained LRWC, plant height, shoot and root fresh/dry weight, leaf area and chlorophyll content under water stress. Moreover, water stress adverse effects on leaf soluble sugar content and electrolyte leakage were reversed to normal by Jatropha mulch. Conclusion Therefore, it may be concluded that Jatropha leaves mulch will minimize water stress adverse effects on wheat by maintaining soil moisture and plant water status.

scholarly journals Effect of water stress on selected physiological characteristics of tomatoes

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Pokluda ◽  
Kristína Petříková ◽  
Mohamed Ewis Abdelaziz ◽  
Aleš Jezdinský
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Stress Treatment ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Water Conditions ◽  
Reliable Parameter ◽  
Proline Concentration

This work presents the results of a field experiment with tomato cv. Proton grown under water stress conditions and under well irrigated conditions. At the same time, the effects of Pentakeep supporting agent (consisting of aminolevulinic acid) was studied. The following characteristics of plant phy­sio­lo­gy were studied – specific leaf area (SLA), leaf water content (LWC) and leaf proline concentration.The obtained results show a significant decrease in SLA during plant vegetation (from 190 to 165 cm−2 . g−1). A decrease was also found under water stress treatment (163 cm−2 . g−1), in contrast to the well watered control (184 cm−2 . g). LWC values ranged from 81 to 87 % in both seasons. A significantly important decrease of LWC was found in the stressed variant. Pentakeep application did not affect either SLA or LWC characteristics.The level of proline in tomato leaves varied from 0.6 to 1.5 μmol . g−1. The highly significant effect of water conditions resulted in the increase of proline content under water stress treatment. Although Pentakeep increased the proline content by 9 %, its effect was not of significant importance. The proline content was also influenced by the date of sampling.The results indicate that physiological characteristics, such as SLA, LWC and proline content, are good indicators of water stress in tomato, proline content being a particularly reliable parameter corresponding to the actual water stress of plants.

scholarly journals Foliar application of polyamines improve some morphological and physiological characteristics of rose

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fereshteh Yousefi ◽  
Zohreh Jabbarzadeh ◽  
Jafar Amiri ◽  
MirHassan Rasouli-Sadaghiani ◽  
Ali Shaygan
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Leaf Area And Thickness ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Abstract Objective This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of foliar spray of polyamines on some morphological and physiological characteristics of rose. Materials and methods Experimental variants involved the type (putrescine, spermidine and spermine) and concentration (0 mM, 1 mM, 2 mM and 4 mM) of polyamines. In this research, the plant height, number of leaves and shoots, leaf area and thickness, fresh and dry weight of leaf and stem, the content of anthocyanin, soluble sugar, phenol and antioxidant capacity were measured 2 weeks after the end of experiment. Results Results indicated that among all polyamine types, putrescine has the highest effect on the morphological characteristics. Among different concentrations of polyamines, the concentration of 1 mM resulted in the highest increase in shoot fresh and dry weight. Putrescine application at 2 mM and 4 mM concentrations increased soluble sugar content. In the present study, polyamine treatment reduced the content of anthocyanin, phenol and antioxidant capacity. Conclusions It can be cocluded that application of polyamines improved some morphological and physiological traits in various ways.

scholarly journals Influence of water stress and abscisic acid on free proline accumulation in barley leaves

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Chełkowska ◽  
Danuta Zielińska
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Proline Accumulation ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Free Proline ◽  
Rapid Accumulation ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Barley Leaves

Rapid accumulation of free proline was found in barley leaves under conditions of osmotic stress at the level of -8.3 bars, but not before 9 days of its duration. The threshold value of osmotic stress for the start of a rapid accumulation of proline was about -6 bars. The excised leaves of barley subjected to water stress by wilting accumulated free proline more rapidly. In the course of 24 hours free proline content increased about 30-fold, while the water content in the leaves decreased 3-fold only. We found also that excised barley leaves with full turgor treated with abscisic acid (10<sup>-4</sup> M) accumulated free proline as early as after 3 hours and subsequently after 24 hours free proline content increased 10-fold.

scholarly journals Variation of beneficial effects of Trichoderma harzianum by the maize variety under water stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 529-535
Author(s):  
J. Chepsergon ◽  
L. A. Mwamburi ◽  
K. E. Kiprop
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Maize Variety

The aim of the study was to out whether the beneficial effect of T. harzianum in enhancing maize seed germination and seedling growth under water stress is dependent on the maize variety soil samples were collected from Marigat Rangeland, Kenya. Trichoderma harzianum was isolated using macro and micro-morphological characteristics. The present study employed a three-factor factorial (3 x 2 x 2) design, arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. There was no significant (p > 0.05) difference in percentage germination, seedling length, fresh weight, shoot-root dry weight, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities among the three varieties of maize. In addition, significant differences in seed germinations, seedling growth parameters and antioxidant enzyme enzymes were recorded between treated and control plants among the three varieties of maize. Maize variety had no significant influence on the beneficial activity of T. harzianum.

scholarly journals Effects of Paclobutrazol and Flurprimidol on Water Stress Amelioration in Potted Red Firespike

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Rezazadeh ◽  
Richard L. Harkess ◽  
Guihong Bi
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Stress Amelioration ◽  
Delayed Flowering

This study evaluated the effects of paclobutrazol (PBZ) and flurprimidol on the morphological and physiological characteristics of potted red firespike (Odontonema strictum) under drought stress. PBZ and flurprimidol were applied as a soil drench at 0.24 mg/pot. Untreated plants acted as a control. The plants were exposed to drought stress 2 weeks after plant growth regulator (PGR) application. Another group of plants treated with PGRs was watered regularly. A reduction in plant height, plant diameter, and growth index (GI) was observed in plants treated with PGRs and drought stress 5 weeks after beginning the study. Drought stress reduced plant height by 45% compared with control. Flurprimidol under drought stress decreased plant diameter and GI by 36% and 76%, respectively, compared with the control. The least leaf area and plant dry weight were observed in plants drenched with flurprimidol and grown under drought stress. Drought stress also delayed flowering and the number of plants flowering. Plants treated with PBZ had the highest photosynthesis rate, 54% more than untreated plants under drought stress alone. The lowest stomatal conductance (gS) was measured in plants under drought stress alone or drought plus PBZ. Application of PBZ-enhanced red firespike drought tolerance reducing adverse effects of water stress on photosynthesis during the experiment.

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