scholarly journals Evaluation of Jatropha curcas L. leaves mulching on wheat growth and biochemical attributes under water stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Irshad ◽  
Faizan Ullah ◽  
Shah Fahad ◽  
Sultan Mehmood ◽  
Asif Ullah Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Carotenoid Content

Abstract Background Organic mulches are widely used in crop production systems. Due to their benefits in improving soil fertility, retention of soil moisture and weed control. Field experiments were conducted during wheat growing seasons of 2018–2019 and 2019–2020 to evaluate the effects of Jatropha leaves mulch on the growth of wheat varieties ‘Wadan-17’ (rainfed) and ‘Pirsabaq-2013’ (irrigated) under well irrigated and water stress conditions (non-irrigated maintaining 40% soil field capacity). Jatropha mulch was applied to the soil surface at 0, 1, 3 and 5 Mg ha−1 before sowing grains in the field. Under conditions of water stress, Jatropha mulch significantly maintained the soil moisture content necessary for normal plant growth. Results We noted a decrease in plant height, shoot and root fresh/dry weight, leaf area, leaf relative water content (LRWC), chlorophyll, and carotenoid content due to water stress. However, water stress caused an increase in leaf and root phenolics content, leaf soluble sugars and electrolytes leakage. We observed that Jatropha mulch maintained LRWC, plant height, shoot and root fresh/dry weight, leaf area and chlorophyll content under water stress. Moreover, water stress adverse effects on leaf soluble sugar content and electrolyte leakage were reversed to normal by Jatropha mulch. Conclusion Therefore, it may be concluded that Jatropha leaves mulch will minimize water stress adverse effects on wheat by maintaining soil moisture and plant water status.

scholarly journals Net Photosynthesis and Growth of Three Novel Woody Species Under Water Stress: Calycanthus occidentalis, Fraxinus anomala, and Pinckneya pubens

HortScience ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1341-1345 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ryan Stewart ◽  
Reid D. Landes ◽  
Andrew K. Koeser ◽  
Andrea L. Pettay
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The United States ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Severe Drought

Frequent episodes of water stress in managed landscapes have led the nursery industry to look for attractive woody species that perform well under extreme conditions of drought and flooding. We chose to evaluate three taxa with highly localized natural distributions in the United States, Calycanthus occidentalis (north–central California), Fraxinus anomala (northeastern Utah), and Pinckneya pubens (northeastern Florida), each of which may merit further use under cultivated conditions beyond their respective ranges. Although widespread cultivation of each taxon may not be possible as a result of limitations related to cold hardiness, we hypothesized that each species can tolerate extremes in soil moisture availability more so than their native habitats imply. Our objective was to characterize, under greenhouse conditions, how the quantity of soil water affects gas exchange of potted plants of each species. Plants were divided into five groups, each exposed to treatment conditions ranging from complete submersion to severe drought. Complete submersion killed plants of C. occidentalis and F. anomala, although in drought or severe drought conditions, C. occidentalis plants had lower net photosynthesis and less leaf area and plant dry weight than control plants. Net photosynthesis, leaf area, and plant dry weight of partially flooded plants, however, were not found to be significantly less than that of the control plants. Mean net photosynthetic levels and plant dry weights of severe drought, drought, and control F. anomala did not differ. While severe drought plants of P. pubens exhibited much lower levels of net photosynthesis, but not plant dry weights or leaf area, than the control plants, those exposed to drought, partial flood, and complete submersion were not found to differ in net photosynthesis levels from the control plants. Due to the sustained tolerance of F. anomala and P. pubens to a range of extreme soil moisture conditions, as exhibited by net photosynthetic responses, carbon accumulation, and survival, we conclude that use of these species in landscapes is warranted if invasiveness and other potential problems are not identified. Calycanthus occidentalis, however, appears unsuitable for cultivation in areas with organic soils greater than ≈66% and lower than ≈30% soil moisture content as a result of its high mortality in flooded conditions and poor physiological responses under dry conditions.

scholarly journals IMPORTANCE OF KINETIN FOR SOME GROWTH CHARACTERS OF Zea mays L. UNDER WATER STRESS CONDITION

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed & Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Available Water ◽  
Water Stress Condition

A field experiment was conducted during two seasons Spring and Autums 2014 at the expermeatal field of Field crop Department, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad to study the importance of Kinetin for some traits of Zea mays L. under water stress condition , by using randomized complete Block Design in the arrangement of a split-plot with three replications . Skipping irrigation elongation T2, emergence of aers T3, 10% flowering feminization T4, milk stage T5, and dough stage T6 . All these treatments were irrigated when 85% of the available water was depleted with control treatment T1 which was irrigated when 50% of the available water was depleted , were assigned as a main plots while the Kinetin spray in the six and ten leaves stages K1,K2 in addition to without spray K0 treatment were assigned as a sub-plots. The results showed that Skipping irrigation at Elongation,  and 10% flowering feminization led to lower average plant height, leaf area , leaf area indx , Dry matter yield , growth rate and the dry weight of the root. The plant spray with Kinetin at ten leaves stage gave the highest average  of  plant height(160.8 , 157.09 cm) , leaf  area (5783 , 5872 cm2) , leaf area index (4.13 , 4.19 ) , plant dry weight (186.26 , 196.05  gm.plant-1) , crop growth rate (16.83 , 20.89  (gm.m2)-1.day-1) and root dry weight (26.14 , 26.77 gm.plant-1)  for both season respectively . Therefor we recomned the necessity to irrigate in the following stages Elongation, emergence of Areanas,  and specialy 10% flowering feminization , in addition to possibility of spray Zea mays plant with kinetin to improre tolerate of water stress.

SOLUBLE SUGAR CHANGES OCCURRING DURING COLD HARDENING OF SPRING WHEAT, FALL RYE AND ALFALFA

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. GREEN
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Cold Hardening ◽  
Spring Type

Alfa, a relatively nonhardy alfalfa cultivar continued to accumulate, on a dry weight basis, fructose, α- and β-D-glucose, sucrose and maltose during the latter stages of cold hardening. Rambler, a hardier alfalfa cultivar conversely showed a decrease for these soluble sugars with hardening. Frontier rye, a very hardy winter habit cereal showed decreases in these soluble sugars plus melibiose during the same hardening period. These results support the hypothesis that hardy cereals and alfalfa undergo a decrease in soluble sugars with hardening, while less hardy cereals and alfalfa continue to increase in content of soluble sugars. Manitou wheat appeared not to fit this hypothesis and showed the decreased soluble sugars usually associated with hardy cultivars. Although Manitou is a spring type wheat, one of its parents, Thatcher, does contain gene(s) for the winter habit.Key words: Sugar, cold hardening, wheat, rye, alfalfa

scholarly journals Competition between drought-tolerant upland rice cultivars and weeds under water stress condition

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.B. Cerqueira ◽  
E.A.L. Erasmo ◽  
J.I.C. Silva ◽  
T.V. Nunes ◽  
G.P. Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Water Stress Condition ◽  
Water Conditions

The objective of this study was to evaluate the competitiveness of two cultivars of upland rice drought-tolerant, cultured in coexistence with weed S. verticillata, under conditions of absence and presence of water stress. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Experimental Station of the Universidade Federal de Tocantins, Gurupi-TO Campus. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial 2 x 2 x 4 with four replications. The treatments consisted of two rice cultivars under two water conditions and four densities. At 57 days after emergence, were evaluated in rice cultivars and weed S. verticillata leaf area, dry weight of roots and shoots and total concentration and depth of roots. Was also evaluated in rice cultivars, plant height and number of tillers. Water stress caused a reduction in leaf area, the concentration of roots and vegetative components of dry matter (APDM, and MSR MST) of rice cultivars and Jatoba Catetão and weed S. verticillata. The competition established by the presence of the weed provided reduction of all vegetative components (MSPA, and MSR MST) of cultivars and Jatoba Catetão. It also decreased the number of tillers, the concentration of roots and leaf area. At the highest level of weed competition with rice cultivars, a greater decrease in vegetative components and leaf area of culture, regardless of water conditions.

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR PAITAN (Tithonia diversifolia) PADA BERBAGAI DOSIS DAN RAGAM APLIKASINYA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN KAILAN (Brassica oleracea Var. Acephala)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
AHMAD TAOFIK ◽  
SOFIYA HASANI ◽  
AYU CAHYANINGTYAS ◽  
BUDY FRASETYA
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Two Factors

The paitan plant contains allelopathic compounds for other plants so that the utilize of paitan plant as a source of liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) has not been widely applied. This research aimed to study the interaction between LOF dosage and appropriate application method of LOF to increase the growth of kailan plants. The research conducted at experimental garden of UIN Bandung from June-August 2016. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with two factors and replicated four times. The first factor was application methods (A), i.e. a1=direct application to the soil, and a2= spraying. The second factor was LOF dosage (T), i.e. t0: 0 ml plant-1, t1: 20 ml plant-1, t2: 40 ml plant-1, t3: 60 ml plant-1, t4: 80 ml plant-1. The growth parameters observed i.e. plant height (14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 Day after Transplanting (DAT)), leaf area 42 DAT, plant dry weight 42 DAT, and plant fresh weight 42 DAT. The data then analyzed with analysis of variance at a significant level of 5%. If the analysis of variance was significant, the Duncan multiple range test was used at α=5%. The research results showed there was no interaction between method of application with a various dosage of paitan LOF to all of the growth parameters. The application paitan LOF showed similar growth in terms of plant height, leaf area, plant dry, and plant fresh weight. The application method of paitan LOF direct to the soil or spraying to leaves can not increase kailan plant growth.

scholarly journals Effects of water stress on phenolic content and antioxidant activity of African nightshades

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
ODHIAMBO PETER OKELLO ◽  
JOSEPH P. ONYANGO GWEYI ◽  
MILDRED PAULINE NAWIRI ◽  
WINFRED MUSILA
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Solanum Villosum

Okello OP, Gweyi JPO, Nawiri Mp, Musila W. 2017. Effects of water stress on phenolic contents and antioxidant activity of African nightshades. Biofarmasi J Nat Prod Biochem 15: 79-95. This study aimed at mapping out the distribution of different African Nightshade species in Siaya and Kisii Counties of Kenya and to determine water stress effect on total antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content of two selected African nightshade namely, giant nightshade (Solanum scabrum) and black nightshade (Solanum villosum). Before selection of the two varieties, the study involved farmer field visits, mapping of nightshades present and administration of semi-structured questionnaires to farmers to determine the indigenous vegetables being grown, the nightshade species grown and factors affecting their production. The experiments were conducted both in the field and greenhouse conditions. Watering intervals were at 15 cbars, 50 cbars, and 85 cbars. Data on the number of secondary buds, leaf area, shoot height, shoot and root dry weights were gathered. The total antioxidant capacity and the total phenolic content were recorded using DPPH radical scavenging method and Folin-Ciolcalteu method, respectively. The data collected were subjected to ANOVA. In both counties where production was 100% under small scale, Solanum scabrum was the main variety grown is Siaya County (36%) while in Kisii the main variety was Solanum villosum (32%). There were significant differences (P≤0.05) among treatments in leaf area, plant height, shoot biomass, number of secondary buds, leaf and root total phenolic content and leaf and root antioxidant activity. At all stress levels, Solanum scabrum exhibited the tallest plants with a maximum height of 45.17cm at 15cbars, while Solanum villosum had the shortest plants at all stress levels, with the shortest one being recorded at 16.65 cm at 85 cbars. S. scabrum also had the highest root dry weight (7.78g), shoot dry weight (50.78g) and highest leaf area of (304.45cm2). However, Solanum villosum had the highest number of secondary buds at all stress levels with the highest being 24 at 15 cbars. Concerning phytochemicals, Solanum villosum had a higher concentration of both the total phenolics and antioxidant activity in the shoots (46.41g GAE/Kg DM total phenolic content and 52.68% total antioxidant activity). Meanwhile, Solanum scabrum had a higher concentration in the roots (25.06gGAE/Kg DM total phenolic content and 27.18% total antioxidant activity). Water stress cause a decline in all growth parameters but increased phytochemical accumulation in nightshade accessions grown. It is therefore suggested that for better yields, irrigation should be performed at every 15 cbars, however for adequate phytochemical accumulation, the irrigation should be carried out at 50 cbars. Further research to explore and quantify other phytochemical components as affected by different watering regimes need to be undertaken.

scholarly journals PENGARUH KETERSEDIAAN AIR TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI DUA KLON NILAM

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
. EMMYZAR
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Optimum Growth ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Pogostemon Cablin ◽  
Growth Production ◽  
Number Of Leaves

<p>Tanaman nilam tumbuh dan berproduksi dengan baik pada daerah dengan curah hujan relatif tinggi dan merata sepanjang tahun. Tanaman dalam kondisi kekurangan air terus menerus akan mengalami strcs air dan berpengaruh terhadap proses fisiologis, menurunkan permukaan trans- pirasi, luas daun menurun, dan mempercepat dcfiidrasi protoplasma. Penelitian pengaruh ketersediaan air terhadap petumbuhan dan produksi 2 (dua) klon nilam dilakukan di rumah kaca Instalasi Penelitian Cimanggu, Balittro Bogor mulai bulan Nopember 1999 sampai dengan Mei 2000. Penelitian ini betujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ketersediaan air terhadap partumbuhan dan produksi dua klon nilam (klon Sidikalang dan klon Situak) sekaligus diamati pengaruhnya terhadap kadar dan kualitas minyak nilam (rendemen, warna dan kandungan patchouly alkohol). Percobaan dilakukan dalam polibag menggunakan tanah kering jenis latosol Cimanggu Bogor yang diaduk dengan pupuk kandang sapi (3:1) sebanyak 10 kg/polibag disusun menggunakan rancangan factorial (dua faktor) dalam rancangan acak lengkap (RAL), diulang 3 kali. Ukuran plot 8 polibag/ perlakuan. Faktor pertama : klon nilam terdiri dari 2 jenis (K) yaitu : Kl = klon Sidikalang dan K2 = klon Situak. Faktor kedua: tingkat ketersediaan air (A) 4 taraf yaitu Al = 25% kapasitas lapang, A2 = 50% kapasitas lapang, A3 = 75% kapasitas lapang, dan A4 = 100 % kapasitas lapang. Peubah yang diamati meliputi persentase tumbuh tunas, tinggi tanaman, luas daun, bobot daun basah dan bobot daun kering, kadar minyak digambarkan dari rendemen dan kualitas minyak (wana dan kandungan patchouly alkohol). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa untuk jumlah tunas tidak ada interaksi antara tingkat ketersediaan air dan klon yang diuji, tetapi untuk jumlah daun ada interaksi. Tingkat pemberian air 75% kapasitas lapang (KL) secara keseluruhan memberikan pertumbuhan optimum bagi kedua klon, kecuali untuk parameter jumlah daun. Pada klon Situak. tingkat pemberian air 100% KL yang memberikan jumlah daun terbanyak. Perlakuan ketersediaan air 100% KL pada klon Sidikalang memberikan bobot daun kering tetinggi dibanding perlakuan lainnya, sedang untuk klon Situak, ketersediaan air pada taraf 75% KL memberikan bobot daun kering tetinggi. Rendemen minyak klon Situak dengan tingkat ketersediaan air 25% KL tertinggi (4.0%) dengan wana minyak kuning muda tcrang, diikuti tingkat 50% KL (3.0%) dengan wana minyak kusam/kemh. Kandungan patchouly alkohol klon Situak rata-rata (30%) lebih baik daripada klon Sidikalang, diperoleh dari perlakuan ketersediaan air 25% KL. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa untuk memperoleh petumbuhan dan produksi yang tinggi, ketersediaan air dalam tanah diperlukan antara 75 - 100% KL. Namun, untuk mendapatkan kandungan patchouly alkohol tinggi ketersediaan air yang dibutuhkan lebih rendah yaitu 25 % - 50%) KL.</p><p>Kata kunci: Nilam, Pogostemon cablin, ketersediaan air, petumbuhan, produksi</p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p><strong>The effect of water availability the growth and production of two patchouly clones </strong></p><p>Patchouly plant grows and produces very well in the area with high and everly rain fall through the year. Plants with continuous shortage of water would face water stress and affect physiologis process, transpiration surface, leaf area and protoplasmic dehydration. Several levels of water needs were tested in this experiment, which was carried out in a glass house of Cimanggu Installation, Indonesian Spice and Medicinal Crops Research Institute, Bogor, rom November 1999 to May 2000. The objective was to find out the effect of water availability on two clones of patchouly growth, production and oil content (rendement, colour and patchouly alcohol). The experiment was conducted in polybags using Cimanggu Latosol soil mixed with cow dung (3:1), 10 kg/polybag, arranged in a factorially completely random design with 3 replications. Plot size was 8 polybag/treatment. The first factor was two clones of patchouly : K, = Sidikalang and K2 = Situak. The second factor was 4 levels of water availability: 2J% (A,), 50% (A2). 75% (A,), and 100% (A,) ield capacity (FC). Variables observed were percentage of shoot growth, plant height, leaf area, fresh weight and dry weight, oil content (rendement, colour and patchouly alcohol). The result showed that there was no interaction between the two factors for number of shoots. Clone of Sidikalang had higher plant height than that of Situak. The water availability of 75% (FC) gave optimum growth for the two clones, except the number of leaves. For Situak the water avaibility of 100% (FC) gave the highest number of leaves. For Sidikalang the water availability of 100% gave the highest dry weight of leaves. Oil rendement for Situak with 25% FC was the highest (4.0) with bright yellow colour. The content of patchouly alcohol for Situak was higher than that of Sidikalang (30%). Therefore, it can be concluded that to obtain the optimum growth and the higest production it needed 75 - 100% (FC) water availability, while for high patchouly alcohol content, it needed buzer the water availability, i.e. 25-50% (FC).</p><p>Key words: Patchouli, Pogostemon cablin, water level, growth, production</p>

Growth and Development of Organic Arsenical-Susceptible and -Resistant Common Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) Biotypes Under Noncompetitive Conditions

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. Haigler ◽  
Billy J. Gossett ◽  
James R. Harris ◽  
Joe E. Toler
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Growth Development

The growth, development, and reproductive potential of several populations of organic arsenical-susceptible (S) and -resistant (R) common cocklebur biotypes were compared under noncompetitive field conditions. Plant height, leaf area, aboveground dry weights, and relative growth rate (RGR) were measured periodically during the growing season. Days to flowering, bur dry weight, and number of burs per plant were also recorded. Arsenical S- and R-biotypes were similar in all measured parameters of growth, development, and reproductive potential. Populations within each biotype varied occasionally in plant height, leaf area, aboveground dry weights, and reproductive potential.

scholarly journals RESPONSE OF GAMAL (Gliricidia sepium) AND INDIGOFERA (Indigofera zollingeriana) FORAGE ON APPLICATION OF ANORGANIC AND ORGANIC FERTILIZER

Pastura ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Roni N.G.K. ◽  
S.A. Lindawati
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

The productivity of forage depends on the availability of nutrients in the soil where it is grown, so fertilization to replace harvested produce is absolutely necessary. This study aims to study the response of gamal and indigofera forage on application of inorganic and organic fertilizers. Research using a completely randomized design factorial pattern of two factors, the first factor is the type of plant (G = Gamal; I = Indigofera) and the second factor is the type of fertilizer (T = without Fertilizer; A = Inorganic fertilizer NPK; K = commercial organic fertilizer; O = conventional organic fertilizer; B = bioorganic fertilizer), repeated 4 times so that it consists of 40 experimental units. The variables observed were plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, leaf dry weight, stem dry weight, total dry weight of leaves, ratio of dry weight of leaves/stems and leaf area per pot. The results showed that there was no interaction between plant species and types of fertilizer in influencing the response of gamal and indigofera plants. Plant species have a significant effect on stem diameter, while fertilizer types have a significant effect on plant height, leaf dry weight, total dry weight of leaves and leaf area per pot. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the response of gamal plants is similar to indigofera, all types of fertilizers can improve the response of plants and organic fertilizers produce the same crop response with inorganic fertilizers. Keywords: gamal, indigofera, inorganic fertilizer, organic fertilizer

Soybean (Glycine Max) Cultivar Tolerance to San 582H and Metolachlor As Influenced by Soil Moisture

Weed Science ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley T. Osborne ◽  
David R. Shaw ◽  
Randall L. Ratliff
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soybean Cultivar ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Crop Height ◽  
Reduced Height ◽  
Leaf Drop

Field experiments were conducted in 1991 and 1992 to evaluate differential soybean cultivar tolerance to SAN 582H and metolachlor applied PRE, as influenced by soil moisture. Eighteen d after planting, a 3× rate of SAN 582H (3.0 kg ai ha−1) reduced plant populations of ‘Wright,’ ‘Bedford,’ and ‘Stonewall’ and metolachlor did not. At leaf drop, neither herbicide reduced crop height with optimum moisture. With excessive moisture, 3× rates of SAN 582H reduced plant height of Wright, Bedford, ‘Walters,’ ‘Young,’ ‘Brim,’ and ‘Bryan,’ and metolachlor reduced height of ‘Sharkey.’ The greatest yield reductions were due to excessive moisture, regardless of herbicide. Neither herbicide reduced yields with optimum moisture nor did a 1× rate with excessive moisture. However, with excessive moisture, a 3× rate of metolachlor (5.0 kg ai ha−1) reduced yield of Bedford by 470 kg ha−1, and the 3× rate of SAN 582H reduced yield of ‘Rhodes,’ Walters, and ‘Centennial’ more than 500 kg ha−1. Overall, soybean tolerance to both herbicides was good, but if used above recommended rates and with excessive moisture, injury can occur.

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