scholarly journals Pollution threatens water quality in the Central Marshes of Southern Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4(Suppl.)) ◽  
pp. 1501
Author(s):  
Nadheer A. Fazaa ◽  
Jonathon C. Dunn ◽  
Mark J. Whittingham
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Transect Line ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Status ◽  
Southern Iraq

Water pollution is an issue that can be exacerbated by drought as increased concentrations of unwanted substances are a consequence of lower water levels. Polluted water that flows into natural marshlands leads to the deposition of pollutants in the interior of the marsh. Here we present evidence that the interior of the Central Marsh (CM) in southern Iraq suffers from higher levels of pollution than areas closer to the source of water entering the marsh (the Euphrates River). A 1.7m embankment that halts the flow of the Euphrates is only infrequently breached and so the CM is effectively the terminal destination of the waters (and their associated pollutants and agricultural waste) flowing from the West of Iraq. A range of water quality metrics were measured where the Euphrates enters the CM and at increasing distances into the interior of the CM. The following measures were taken:  NO2, NO3, PO4 , Salinity, Major ions, and Heavy Metals (Cu, Ni, Pb, Cd, Zn). The area of study was divided into four horizontal zones (the river and three zones inside the marsh) and eight field surveys were carried out from November 2013 to June 2014 to collect water samples by using a transect line methodology.  Salinity and major ions (Na, K, Cl, Ca, and Mg) were significantly higher inside the marsh compared with levels in the river water immediately before it entered the CM.  These findings indicate  the increased risk of these pollutants to humans and wildlife living in and using the CM.  This issue  requires urgent attention, especially to the status of the CM as a World Heritage site (for the ecosystem services provided to local people) as an Important Biodiversity Area. The reported declines in water quantity in the Euphrates over recent decades will likely further exacerbate the problems we report.

scholarly journals Water Quality Index for the Assessment of Selected Borehole Water Quality in Rivers State

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinwendu Emeka ◽  
Bright Nweke ◽  
Jecinta Osere ◽  
Chimaobi K. Ihunwo
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
The Status ◽  
Borehole Water ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Rivers State

Water quality of different locations in River state, Nigeria was evaluated using Water Quality Index (WQI) approach to assess the suitability of water from three local government areas in Rivers State. The study revealed that WQI was determined by the following parameters: pH, Temp, EC, BOD, Chloride, Sulphate, Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphate, Total Hardness, Nitrate, Pb Calcium, Cd, Cu, and Fe. The result obtained indicated that the water quality index of borehole water exceeded the status of water quality in all sampling locations due to groundwater contamination, making the water unsafe for human and animal consumption. Residents within the State should be enlightened on the adverse effect of drinking polluted water and the need for water treatment before consumption.

STUDY OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC SUITABILITY OF GOURAMI (Osphronemus gouramy) CULTIVATION AT PINANG SEBATANG VILLAGE, SIMPANG KATIS DISRICT, BANGKA TENGAH REGENCY

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-96
Author(s):  
Mega Juni ◽  
Robin Robin ◽  
Endang Bidayani
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Business Analysis ◽  
Business Efficiency ◽  
The Status ◽  
Water Quality Status ◽  
Feasibility Test

Cultivation is an activity that is carried out in connection with the process of multiplaying resources, one of which is in the field of fisheries. This activity, especially freshwater cultivation, has developed in the community, especially in Bangka Belitung Province, but the ponds used suitability the requirements of both physical, chemical and biological parameters of the waters as well as business feasibility. This study to knew suitability of water quality and analyze the cultivation of gourami in Pinang Sebatang Village. This research was carried out in December 2020 in Bangka Tengah district. This study used a survey method in the form of a case study methode in determining water quality. And then carried out a feasibility test of water quality using the STRORET method and the census method to analyzing cultivation business. Water quality and business analysis were carried out in the gourami cultivators’ pond at Pinang Sebatang Village sustainable. The result showed that the water quality in the gourami aquaculture pond at Pinang Sebatang Village was categorized as moderately polluted water quality status in pond 1 with a score of -12 and the status with lightly polluted in pond 2 with a score of -2. The method of data processing analysis of gourami cultivation at Pinang Sebatang Village uses quantitative methods. The result of the study showed that the income per cycle was Rp 120.000.000,00, income per cycle of Rp. 49.368.000,00, profit per cycle of Rp 38.568.000,00 and business efficiency of 1,69. Form the result of the STORET analysis and the business analysis that has been obtained, the cultivation pond at the Pinang Sebatang Village is feasible to be developed for the cultivation of gourami rearing.

STUDY OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC SUITABILITY OF GOURAMI (Osphronemus gouramy) CULTIVATION AT PINANG SEBATANG VILLAGE, SIMPANG KATIS DISRICT, BANGKA TENGAH REGENCY

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-96
Author(s):  
Mega Juni ◽  
Robin Robin ◽  
Endang Bidayani
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Business Analysis ◽  
Business Efficiency ◽  
The Status ◽  
Water Quality Status ◽  
Feasibility Test

Cultivation is an activity that is carried out in connection with the process of multiplaying resources, one of which is in the field of fisheries. This activity, especially freshwater cultivation, has developed in the community, especially in Bangka Belitung Province, but the ponds used suitability the requirements of both physical, chemical and biological parameters of the waters as well as business feasibility. This study to knew suitability of water quality and analyze the cultivation of gourami in Pinang Sebatang Village. This research was carried out in December 2020 in Bangka Tengah district. This study used a survey method in the form of a case study methode in determining water quality. And then carried out a feasibility test of water quality using the STRORET method and the census method to analyzing cultivation business. Water quality and business analysis were carried out in the gourami cultivators’ pond at Pinang Sebatang Village sustainable. The result showed that the water quality in the gourami aquaculture pond at Pinang Sebatang Village was categorized as moderately polluted water quality status in pond 1 with a score of -12 and the status with lightly polluted in pond 2 with a score of -2. The method of data processing analysis of gourami cultivation at Pinang Sebatang Village uses quantitative methods. The result of the study showed that the income per cycle was Rp 120.000.000,00, income per cycle of Rp. 49.368.000,00, profit per cycle of Rp 38.568.000,00 and business efficiency of 1,69. Form the result of the STORET analysis and the business analysis that has been obtained, the cultivation pond at the Pinang Sebatang Village is feasible to be developed for the cultivation of gourami rearing.

Water quality status of rivers in the coastal city of Manado, North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia

2014 ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Markus T Lasut ◽  
Adianse Tarigan
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Coastal City ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
The Status ◽  
Water Quality Status ◽  
The Government ◽  
Quality Status

A study on water quality status of three riverine systems, S. Bailang (SB), S. Maasing (SM), and S. Tondano (ST), in coastal city of Manado, North Sulawesi Province, has been conducted to measure several water quality parameters, to analyse source and quality of wastewater discharge, and to assess the status of the rivers related to the water quality. Measurement of the parameters was conducted using three indicators, i.e. organic (BOD5) and in-organic (N-NO3 and P-PO4), and pathogenic microorganism (Escherichia coli [EC] and total coliform [TC]). The result showed that the level of water quality varied between the rivers. The average level of water quality (based on the observed parameters) in SB, respectively, was 0.317 mg/l, 0.093 mg/l, 2 mg/l, >2420 MPN, and  >2420 MPN; in SM, respectively, was 0.029 mg/l, 1.859 mg/l, 17.7 mg/l, >2420 MPN, and >2420 MPN; and in ST, respectively, was 0.299 mg/l, 0.252 mg/l, 3.5 mg/l, >2420 MPN, and >2420 MPN. The level of water quality between the rivers was not significantly different (p>0.05), except based on the parameter of N-NO3 which was significantly different (p<0.01). The status of the observed rivers varied based on the classes of their water utilities (according to the Government Regulation of Indonesia, No. 82, 2001); mostly was "unsuitable". Kajian tentang status kualitas air di 3 perairan sungai di kota pesisir Manado, S. Bailang (SB), S. Maasing (SM), dan S. Tondano (ST), Provinsi Sulawesi Utara, telah dilakukan yang bertujuan untuk mengukur beberapa parameter kualitas air, menganalisis sumber dan kualitas buangan limbah domestik, dan menilai status ketiga perairan sungai tersebut. Tiga indikator digunakan, yaitu: bahan organik (BOD5), bahan anorganik (N-NO3 dan P-PO4), dan mikroorganisme patogenik (Escherichia coli [EC] dan coliform total [TC]). Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kualitas air perairan tersebut berbeda-beda. Konsentrasi rerata parameter kualitas air  (BOD5, N-NO3, P-PO4, EC, dan TC) di SB, berturut-turut, sebesar 0.317 mg/l, 0.093 mg/l, 2 mg/l, >2420 MPN, dan >2420 MPN; di SM, berturut-turut, sebesar 0.029 mg/l, 1.859 mg/l, 17.7 mg/l, >2420 MPN, dan >2420 MPN; dan di ST, berturut-turut, sebesar 0.299 mg/l, 0.252 mg/l, 3.5 mg/l, >2420 MPN, dan >2420 MPN. Konsentrasi kualitas air ketiga sungai tersebut tidak berbeda secara signifikan (p>0.05), kecuali parameter N-NO3 (p<0.01). Secara umum, kondisi kualitas air ketiga sungai tersebut, menurut Peraturan Pemerintah No. 82, 2001) berada dalam status “tidak cocok” untuk peruntukannya.

The Capacity of a Specific Anti-Streptococcus Mutans Monoclonal Antibodies Test to Identify the Diabetic Patients with Increased Risk of Periodontal Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 2556-2559
Author(s):  
Mona Ionas ◽  
Sebastian Ioan Cernusca Mitariu ◽  
Adela Dancila ◽  
Tiberiu Horatiu Ionas ◽  
Raluca Monica Comaneanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
A Value ◽  
Salivary Level ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Status

By means of a specific anti-Streptococcus mutans monoclonal antibodies test we want to identify the diabetic patients which have an increased risk to develop the periodontal disease. The highest percentage, of 88.1% of all patients included in this study represents the subjects with a level greater than 500,000 cfu / mL of streptococcus mutans. The Kruskal-Wallis test reveals a value of p = 0.283 resulted from the status of diabetes in patients and the level of streptococcus mutans in saliva. In conclusion, the status of diabetes in patients seems not to influence the salivary level of mutans streptococci determined with the method used in our study.

Why Not Allow FASB and IASB Standards to Compete in the U.S.?

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald A. Dye ◽  
Shyam Sunder
Keyword(s):  
Network Externalities ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Standard Setting ◽  
Regulatory Competition ◽  
Regulatory Body ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Status ◽  
Informative Signals ◽  
The U.S

This paper discusses arguments for and against introducing competition into the accounting standard-setting process in the U.S. by allowing individual corporations to issue financial reports prepared in accordance with either FASB or IASB rules. The paper examines several arguments supporting the status quo, including (1) the FASB's experience and world leadership in making accounting rules; (2) the increased risk of a “race to the bottom” under regulatory competition; (3) the inability of most users of financial reports to understand the complex technical issues underlying accounting standards; (4) the possibility that IASB's standards will be diluted to gain international acceptance, allowing additional opportunities for earnings management; (5) the risks of the IASB being deadlocked or captured by interests hostile to business; (6) the costs of experimentation in standard setting; and (7) economies from network externalities. Arguments examined on the other side include how competition will (1) help meet the needs of globalized businesses; (2) increase the likelihood that the accounting standards will be efficient; (3) help protect standard setters from undue pressure from interest groups; (4) allow different standards to develop for different corporate clienteles; (5) allow corporations to send more informative signals by their choice of accounting standards; (6) protect corporations against capture of regulatory body by narrow interests; and (7) not affect network externalities at national or global scales.

scholarly journals Assessment of Automatically Monitored Water Levels and Water Quality Indicators in Rivers with Different Hydromorphological Conditions and Pollution Levels in Greece

Hydrology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Angeliki Mentzafou ◽  
George Varlas ◽  
Anastasios Papadopoulos ◽  
Georgios Poulis ◽  
Elias Dimitriou
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Automatic Monitoring ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Water Quality Indicators ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Riverine Ecosystems

Water resources, especially riverine ecosystems, are globally under qualitative and quantitative degradation due to human-imposed pressures. High-temporal-resolution data obtained from automatic stations can provide insights into the processes that link catchment hydrology and streamwater chemistry. The scope of this paper was to investigate the statistical behavior of high-frequency measurements at sites with known hydromorphological and pollution pressures. For this purpose, hourly time series of water levels and key water quality indicators (temperature, electric conductivity, and dissolved oxygen concentrations) collected from four automatic monitoring stations under different hydromorphological conditions and pollution pressures were statistically elaborated. Based on the results, the hydromorphological conditions and pollution pressures of each station were confirmed to be reflected in the results of the statistical analysis performed. It was proven that the comparative use of the statistics and patterns of the water level and quality high-frequency time series could be used in the interpretation of the current site status as well as allowing the detection of possible changes. This approach can be used as a tool for the definition of thresholds, and will contribute to the design of management and restoration measures for the most impacted areas.

Study on Water Quality Improvement of Streams in Baoan District, Shenzhen City, China

2011 ◽  
Vol 347-353 ◽  
pp. 1902-1905
Author(s):  
Hua Li You
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Shenzhen City

Water is the basis of natural resources and strategic economic resources.Deteriorated water environment of streams in Shenzhen city could have a great impact on ecological safety, people's health,and economic development.Based on the data of field observation and Remote sensing (RS) image,integrated analysis of the water degradation causes,and the changes of biochemical oxygen demand in five days(BOD5）concentration by mathematical model were carried out,which is on basis of percentage of waste water disposal,fresh water transformation,and harbor excavation, respectively.The results show that degradation causes of water quality were resulted from waste water discharge, harbor construction,and ecological environment damage, which could lead to slowly water exchange. Accordingly,the pollution can be easily to store in the bay,which result in water quality changes.The most important improved countermeasure is the control of waste water, which could be had a great effectiveness to decrease pollution.In addition, fresh water must be supplied after polluted water was cut off,which can be better improvement for water quality.This would be extreme improvement for hydrological dynamics due to 15m harbor excavation,which can significantly reduce BOD5 concentration.The innovation points of this paper is to mathematical model,which is based on the basis of qualitative analysis.

scholarly journals Geochemical and biological controls on the ecological relevance of total, dissolved, and colloidal forms of trace elements in large boreal rivers: review and case studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-163
Author(s):  
C.W. Cuss ◽  
C.N. Glover ◽  
M.B. Javed ◽  
A. Nagel ◽  
W. Shotyk
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Water Quality Criteria ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Athabasca River ◽  
Biological Variables ◽  
Boreal Rivers

The concentrations of trace elements (TEs) in large boreal rivers can fluctuate markedly due to changing water levels and flow rates associated with spring melt and variable contributions from tributaries and groundwaters, themselves having different compositions. These fluctuating and frequently high concentrations create regulatory challenges for protecting aquatic life. For example, water quality criteria do not account for changes in flow regimes that can result in TE levels that may exceed regulatory limits, and neither do they account for the markedly different lability and bioaccessibility of suspended solids. This review addresses the geochemical and biological processes that govern the lability and bioaccessibility of TEs in boreal rivers, with an emphasis on the challenges posed by the colloidal behaviour of many TEs, and their relationship to the dissolved fraction (i.e., <0.45 μm in size). After reviewing the processes and dynamics that give rise to the forms and behaviour of TEs in large boreal rivers, their relevance for aquatic organisms and the associated relationships between size and lability and bioaccessibility are discussed. The importance of biological variables and different forms of TEs for limiting lability and bioaccessibility are also addressed. Two case studies emphasize seasonal fluctuations and accompanying changes in the distribution of TE amongst different size fractions and associated colloidal species in large boreal rivers: the Northern Dvina and one of its tributaries, the Pinega River, both in Russia, and the Athabasca River in Alberta, Canada. Water quality in the Athabasca River is briefly discussed with respect to Canadian guidelines.

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