Formation-Grain-Size Prediction Whilst Drilling: A Key Factor in Intelligent Sand Control Completions

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.B. Oyeneyin ◽  
A.T. Faga
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Sand Control ◽  
Key Factor

scholarly journals The Rho-family GTPase OsRac1 controls rice grain size and yield by regulating cell division

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (32) ◽  
pp. 16121-16126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Yan Xiong ◽  
Renyi Liu ◽  
Hong-Wei Xue ◽  
Zhenbiao Yang
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Rop Gtpase ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Grain Width

Grain size is a key factor for determining grain yield in crops and is a target trait for both domestication and breeding, yet the mechanisms underlying the regulation of grain size are largely unclear. Here we show that the grain size and yield of rice (Oryza sativa) is positively regulated by ROP GTPase (Rho-like GTPase from plants), a versatile molecular switch modulating plant growth, development, and responses to the environment. Overexpression of rice OsRac1ROP not only increases cell numbers, resulting in a larger spikelet hull, but also accelerates grain filling rate, causing greater grain width and weight. As a result, OsRac1 overexpression improves grain yield in O. sativa by nearly 16%. In contrast, down-regulation or deletion of OsRac1 causes the opposite effects. RNA-seq and cell cycle analyses suggest that OsRac1 promotes cell division. Interestingly, OsRac1 interacts with and regulates the phosphorylation level of OsMAPK6, which is known to regulate cell division and grain size in rice. Thus, our findings suggest OsRac1 modulates rice grain size and yield by influencing cell division. This study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the control of rice grain size and suggests that OsRac1 could serve as a potential target gene for breeding high-yield crops.

A New Method of Grain Size Determination for Sand-Control Completion Applications

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiansheng Chen ◽  
Songhua Chen ◽  
Mehmet Altunbay ◽  
Evgeny Tyurin
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
New Method ◽  
Size Determination ◽  
Sand Control

scholarly journals Controls on the grain size distribution of landslides in Taiwan: the influence of drop height, scar depth and bedrock strength

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odin Marc ◽  
Jens M. Turowski ◽  
Patrick Meunier
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Grain Size Distribution ◽  
Block Size ◽  
Fragmentation Model ◽  
Drop Height ◽  
Size Segregation ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Grain Size Distributions ◽  
Strong Segregation

Abstract. The size of grains delivered to river by hillslopes processes is thought to be a key factor to better understand sediment transport, long-term erosion as well as sedimentary archives. Recently, models have been developed for the grain size distribution produced in soil, but they may not apply to active orogens where high erosion rates on hillslopes are driven by landsliding. Until now relatively few studies have focused on landslide grain size distributions. Here we present grain size distribution 5 (GSD) obtained by the grid-by-number sampling on 17 recent landslide deposits in Taiwan, and we compare it to the geometrical and physical properties of the landslides, such as their width, area, rock-type, drop height and estimated depth. All slides occurred in slightly metamorphosed sedimentary units, except two, which occurred in younger unmetamorphosed shales, with rock strength expected to be 3 to 10 times weaker from their metamorphosed counterparts. We found that 4 deposits displayed a strong grain-size segregation on their deposit with downslope toe deposits 3 to 10 times coarser than apex 10 deposits. In 3 cases, we could also measure the GSD inside the landslides that presented percentiles 3 to 10 times finer than the surface of the deposit. Both observations could be due to either kinetic sieving or deposit reworking after the landslide failure but we cannot explain why only some deposits had a strong segregation. Averaging this spatial variability we found the median grainsize of the deposits to be strongly negatively correlated to drop height, scar width and depth. However, previous work suggest that regolith particles and bedrock blocks should coarsen with increasing depth, opposite to our observation. 15 Accounting for a model of regolith coarsening with depth, we found that the ratio of the original bedrock block size and the D50 was proportional the potential energy of the landslide normalized to its bedrock strength. Thus the studied landslides agree well with a published, simple fragmentation model, even if that model was calibrated on much larger and much stronger rock avalanches than those featured in our dataset. This scaling may thus serve for future model of grain size transfer from hillslopes to river, trying to better understand landslide sediment evacuation and coupling to river erosional dynamics.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic Analysis of the Maize Mutant TC19 Identifies Genes Regulating the Development of Grain Size Through the IAA and BR Pathways

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanrong Zhang ◽  
Fuchao Jiao ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Yuhe Pei ◽  
Meiai Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathway ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Cell Components ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Grain Width ◽  
Grain Filling Stage

Abstract Backgrounds: Grain size is a key factor in crop yield that gradually develops after pollination. However, few studies have reported gene expression patterns in maize grain development using mutants. To investigate the developmental mechanisms of grain size, we analyzed a large-grain mutant, named TC19, at the morphological and transcriptome level at five stages corresponding to days after pollination (DAP).Results: After maturation, the grain length, width, and thickness in TC19 were greater than that in Chang 7-2 (control) and increased by 3.57%, 8.80%, and 3.88%, respectively. Further analysis showed that grain width in TC19 was lower than in Chang 7-2 at 7, 14, and 21 DAP, but greater than that in Chang 7-2 at 28 and 35 DAP, indicating that 21 to 28 DAP was the critical stage for kernel width development. For all five stages, the concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid and brassinosteroids were significantly higher in TC19 than in Chang 7-2. Gibberellin was higher at 7, 14, and 21 DAP, and cytokinin was higher at 21 and 35 DAP, in TC19 than in Chang 7-2. Through transcriptome analysis at 14, 21, and 28 DAP, we identified 2987, 2647, and 3209 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between TC19 and Chang 7-2. Gene Ontology analysis indicated that most of the grain size–related genes corresponded to three aspects, including cell components, molecular functions, and biological processes. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis showed that 77 DEGs were enriched in the plant hormone signal transduction pathway. We further analyzed several highly expressed candidate genes, including AO2, ARF3, and IAA15, which are involved in the synthesis of IAA; and DWF4 and XTH, which are involved in the synthesis of BR.Conclusions: Our results elucidated the mechanisms of grain size development at the grain-filling stage and have potential application in maize breeding.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic analysis of the maize inbred line Chang7-2 and a large-grain mutant tc19

BMC Genomics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanrong Zhang ◽  
Fuchao Jiao ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Yuhe Pei ◽  
Meiai Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathway ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Grain Development ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Grain Width ◽  
Transcriptome Level

Abstract Backgrounds Grain size is a key factor in crop yield that gradually develops after pollination. However, few studies have reported gene expression patterns in maize grain development using large-grain mutants. To investigate the developmental mechanisms of grain size, we analyzed a large-grain mutant, named tc19, at the morphological and transcriptome level at five stages corresponding to days after pollination (DAP). Results After maturation, the grain length, width, and thickness in tc19 were greater than that in Chang7-2 (control) and increased by 3.57, 8.80, and 3.88%, respectively. Further analysis showed that grain width and 100-kernel weight in tc19 was lower than in Chang7-2 at 14 and 21 DAP, but greater than that in Chang7-2 at 28 DAP, indicating that 21 to 28 DAP was the critical stage for kernel width and weight development. For all five stages, the concentrations of auxin and brassinosteroids were significantly higher in tc19 than in Chang7-2. Gibberellin was higher at 7, 14, and 21 DAP, and cytokinin was higher at 21 and 35 DAP, in tc19 than in Chang7-2. Through transcriptome analysis at 14, 21, and 28 DAP, we identified 2987, 2647 and 3209 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between tc19 and Chang7-2. By using KEGG analysis, 556, 500 and 633 DEGs at 14, 21 and 28 DAP were pathway annotated, respectively, 77 of them are related to plant hormone signal transduction pathway. ARF3, AO2, DWF4 and XTH are higher expressed in tc19 than that in Chang7-2. Conclusions We found some DEGs in maize grain development by using Chang7-2 and a large-grain mutant tc19. These DEGs have potential application value in improving maize performance.

Formation Grain Size Profile Prediction Model Considering the Longitudinal Continuity of Reservoir Using Artificial Intelligence Tools

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanshan Liu ◽  
Zhiming Wang
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Control Design ◽  
Point Mapping ◽  
Core Samples ◽  
Size Profile ◽  
Sand Control

Abstract Grain size characteristics (d50, UC) of formation sands are crucial parameters in a sand control design. UC and d50 are commonly derived from sieve or laser particle size analysis (LPSA) techniques on a limited number of core samples in the process of drilling, which cannot represent the variations of grain sizes in the formation by the limited number of core samples. Moreover, staged and hierarchic design of sand control usually needs the whole longitudinal distribution profile of grain size. The grain size characteristics of the reservoir are formed in the process of a long history and have a good correlation with the formation environment of the sediments. Sand control design can only use test well data, because of lacking actual producing position cores. The vertical and horizontal anisotropy and heterogeneity of reservoirs bring difficulties and greater risks to the design of sand control schemes. Therefore, it is very important to find a simple and effective reservoir granularity prediction method. The existing prediction models by artificial intelligence method use single point logging data as eigenvalues to predict d50 and UC without considering the longitudinal continuity of data. This paper presents an efficient solution to predict grain size profile based on conventional logging curves by using four machine learning method (ANN, Random forest, XGBoost, SVM). In order to make full use of the geological continuity of the reservoir, the longitudinal continuous points according to the spatial correlation are adopted as the machine learning feature parameters from the perspective of geological analysis and the data-driven grain size profile prediction model are established by using the logging curve trend and background information, which further improves the prediction accuracy of the model and provides basic data for sand control. The ANN model of five point mapping has the best prediction effect in predicting d50 with a highest correlation coefficient 0.819 and a lowest error MAE 9.59. The XGBoost model of five point mapping has the best prediction effect in predicting UC with a highest correlation coefficient 0.402 and a lowest error RMSE 1.15. This method has been successfully used in offshore oil field in sand control optimization.

Numerical Modeling of Nanostructured Tube Produced by ECAP

2018 ◽  
Vol 780 ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faramarz Djavanroodi ◽  
Fahd Almufadi
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Copper Tube ◽  
Angular Pressing ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Thin Walled Tube ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Explicit Solver

— tailoring material properties to specific application requirements is one of the major challenges in materials engineering. Grain size is a key factor affecting physical and mechanical properties of polycrystals materials. Grain size reduction in the metals and alloys can be achieved using Equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) method. In this work, Nanostructure thin walled copper tube specimens with 1 mm wall thickness and 23mm diameter have been produced successfully with ECAP method using flexible polyurethane rubber pad to prevent the tube walls from collapsing. Furthermore, this paper details the development of a numerical simulation to analyse the fabrication of thin walled tube through ECAP process. A copper tube was pushed through a channel with a series of 90° bends. During each successive bend, the magnitude of plastic strains accumulate in the copper tube. A three dimensional numerical simulation was used to model the process and determine the extent of plastic deformation that takes place during each bend process. The numerical simulation was developed using the finite element (FE) code, ABAQUS V6.13, and analysed using the explicit solver.

scholarly journals Effect of Temperature Gradient on the Grain Size Homogeneity of SEED Produced Semi-Solid Slurries by Phase-Field Simulation

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 3309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenying Qu ◽  
Min Luo ◽  
Zhipeng Guo ◽  
Xiaogang Hu ◽  
Ang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Phase Field ◽  
Adaptive Mesh Refinement ◽  
Adaptive Mesh ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Field Equations ◽  
Nonlinear Phase ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Semi Solid

The distribution homogeneity of grain size affects the fluidity of the semi-solid slurry, which in turn affects the properties of the casting. One key factor affecting grain size uniformity resides in the nucleation number, which has been studied thoroughly, while the other factor is temperature gradient which has not been investigated yet. In this study, the microstructure evolutions under certain temperature gradients are investigated by experiment and simulation using a two-dimensional quantitative phase-field (PF) model. A parallel and adaptive mesh refinement algorithm is adopted to solve the nonlinear phase-field equations. The results indicate that temperature gradient can affect the size distribution of microstructure in the semi-solid slurry prepared by the SEED process. A higher temperature gradient (in the range of 0.230~0.657 °C/mm) along the radial direction is beneficial to the homogeneity of the grain size in a slurry.

EFFECT OF Al-Ti-B ON MAGNESIUM ALLOY MICRO-ALLOYED WITH Ca

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (06n07) ◽  
pp. 888-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
CANFENG FANG ◽  
GUOHONG QI ◽  
XINGGUO ZHANG ◽  
HAI HAO ◽  
JUNZE JIN
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Temperature Field ◽  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Master Alloy ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Melting Process ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Addition Level

Effect of Al - Ti - B master alloy on the microstructure and mechanical properties was investigated in AZ31 magnesium alloys micro-alloyed with Ca . During the casting process, electromagnetic field was also introduced. The results suggest that the micro addition of Ca to magnesium alloy retards the oxidation rate during melting process, improves casting qualities of magnesium alloy ingots. The grain size of AZ31 magnesium alloy has been effectively reduced by optimum addition of 1 wt.% (designed composition) Al - Ti - B master alloy. In this process, the addition level of Ti is the key factor to affect grain size of magnesium alloy, in which two grain refinement mechanisms are built by both TiB 2 and residual Ti . Moreover, the electromagnetic field leads to uniform distribution of temperature field and solute field in the molten pool, increases casting qualities and refines grain size further.

Effect of Shock Loading on the Microstructure of Uniloy 326

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 504-505
Author(s):  
K. P. Staudhammer ◽  
L. E. Murr
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Shock Loading ◽  
Current Investigation ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
05 C ◽  
Shock Deformation ◽  
Heat Treated

The effect of shock loading on a variety of steels has been reviewed recently by Leslie. It is generally observed that significant changes in microstructure and microhardness are produced by explosive shock deformation. While the effect of shock loading on austenitic, ferritic, martensitic, and pearlitic structures has been investigated, there have been no systematic studies of the shock-loading of microduplex structures.In the current investigation, the shock-loading response of millrolled and heat-treated Uniloy 326 (thickness 60 mil) having a residual grain size of 1 to 2μ before shock loading was studied. Uniloy 326 is a two phase (microduplex) alloy consisting of 30% austenite (γ) in a ferrite (α) matrix; with the composition.3% Ti, 1% Mn, .6% Si,.05% C, 6% Ni, 26% Cr, balance Fe.

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