scholarly journals The association between fecal enterotoxigenic B. fragilis with colorectal cancer

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fakhri Haghi ◽  
Elshan Goli ◽  
Bahman Mirzaei ◽  
Habib Zeighami
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Mucosal Immune Response ◽  
Colorectal Disease ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Potential Marker ◽  
Paired Normal Tissue ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Pcr Targeting

Abstract Background Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) is an enterotoxin-producing bacterium that possibily has a role in the occurrence and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) by modulating the mucosal immune response and inducing epithelial cell changes. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of ETBF in stool samples of CRC patients and healthy volunteers.Methods A total of 60 stool samples from confirmed CRC patients and 60 stool samples from healthy volunteers with no personal or familial history or diagnosis of colorectal disease were collected. Stool samples were screened for direct detection of B. fragilis using PCR targeting the marker genes of neu and bft. Enterotoxin isotypes bft-1, bft-2 and bft-3 were also detected in B. fragilis positive samples.Results The frequency of B. fragilis among CRC and control cases was 58.3% and 26.6%, respectively (P<0.05). The rate of bft gene in CRC cases was significantly higher than in controls (P<0.05). Also, the presence of bf t gene in CRC patients stage III was significantly higher than stages I and II (P< 0.05). Enterotoxin isotype bft-2 was detected with higher frequency among CRC patients than healthy control (P<0.05).Conclusion Our results show the association between fecal ETBF and CRC, and we suggest that detection of ETBF may be a potential marker for colorectal cancer diagnosis. However, additional investigations on tumor and paired normal tissue samples are required to substantiate this possible correlation.

scholarly journals The association between fecal enterotoxigenic B. fragilis with colorectal cancer

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fakhri Haghi ◽  
Elshan Goli ◽  
Bahman Mirzaei ◽  
Habib Zeighami
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Mucosal Immune Response ◽  
Colorectal Disease ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Potential Marker ◽  
Paired Normal Tissue ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Pcr Targeting

Abstract Background Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) is an enterotoxin-producing bacterium that possibily has a role in the occurrence and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) by modulating the mucosal immune response and inducing epithelial cell changes. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of ETBF in stool samples of CRC patients and healthy volunteers.Methods A total of 60 stool samples from confirmed CRC patients and 60 stool samples from healthy volunteers with no personal or familial history or diagnosis of colorectal disease were collected. Stool samples were screened for direct detection of B. fragilis using PCR targeting the marker genes of neu and bft. Enterotoxin isotypes bft-1, bft-2 and bft-3 were also detected in B. fragilis positive samples.Results The frequency of B. fragilis among CRC and control cases was 58.3% and 26.6%, respectively (P<0.05). The rate of bft gene in CRC cases was significantly higher than in controls (P<0.05). Also, the presence of bf t gene in CRC patients stage III was significantly higher than stages I and II (P< 0.05). Enterotoxin isotype bft-2 was detected with higher frequency among CRC patients than healthy control (P<0.05).Conclusion Our results show the association between fecal ETBF and CRC, and we suggest that detection of ETBF may be a potential marker for colorectal cancer diagnosis. However, additional investigations on tumor and paired normal tissue samples are required to substantiate this possible correlation.

scholarly journals The association between fecal enterotoxigenic B. fragilis with colorectal cancer

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fakhri Haghi ◽  
Elshan Goli ◽  
Bahman Mirzaei ◽  
Habib Zeighami
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Mucosal Immune Response ◽  
Colorectal Disease ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Potential Marker ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Pcr Targeting

Abstract Background Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) is an enterotoxin-producing bacterium that possibily has a role in the occurrence and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) by modulating the mucosal immune response and inducing epithelial cell changes. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of ETBF in stool samples of CRC patients and healthy volunteers. Methods A total of 60 stool samples from confirmed CRC patients and 60 stool samples from healthy volunteers with no personal or familial history or diagnosis of colorectal disease were collected. Stool samples were screened for direct detection of B. fragilis using PCR targeting the marker genes of neu and bft. Enterotoxin isotypes bft-1, bft-2 and bft-3 were also detected in B. fragilis positive samples. Results The frequency of B. fragilis among CRC and control cases was 58.3% and 26.6%, respectively (P<0.05). The rate of bft gene in CRC cases was significantly higher than in controls (P<0.05). Also, the presence of bft gene in CRC patients stage III was significantly higher than stages I and II (P< 0.05). Enterotoxin isotype bft-2 was detected with higher frequency among CRC patients than healthy control (P<0.05). Conclusion Our results show the association between fecal ETBF and CRC, and we suggest that detection of ETBF may be a potential marker for colorectal cancer diagnosis. However, additional investigations on tumor and paired normal tissue samples are required to substantiate this possible correlation.

scholarly journals Detection of SNCA and FBN1 Methylation in the Stool as a Biomarker for Colorectal Cancer

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-han Li ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Qi Guo ◽  
Xuan-di Wu ◽  
Zi-sen Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Methylation Status ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Noninvasive Detection ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Aim.We examined the methylation status of SNCA and FBN1 genes in patients’ paired tissue and stool samples for detection of colorectal cancer (CRC).Patients and Methods. 89 DNA tissue samples (normal/cancer) and corresponding stool samples were analyzed in our study. In addition, 30 stool samples were collected as healthy controls.Results. The methylation level of those samples was measured by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP). The result shows that compared with the paired controls, both SNCA and FBN1 were significantly hypermethylated in CRC patients in tissue samples (P<0.001). In the stool samples, hypermethylated SNCA and FBN1 were detected to be significantly higher than that in normal stool samples (P<0.001). The combined sensitivity of at least one positive among the two markers in stool samples was 84.3%, with a specificity of 93.3%. In addition, our experiment suggested that the positive rates of SNCA and FBN1 in Dukes A stage were significantly higher than that of FOBT (P=0.039;P=0.006, resp.).Conclusion. We concluded that methylation testing of SNCA and FBN1 genes in stool sample may offer a good alternative in a simple, promising, and noninvasive detection of colorectal cancer.

scholarly journals RAS Mutational Status Detection in Tissue, Plasma, and Stool Samples for Colorectal Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Liuying Zhu ◽  
Yuanhe Wang ◽  
Yang Zhou ◽  
Qian Dong ◽  
Yunpeng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Study Patient ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Mutational Status ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Gene Status

Objective. RAS gene testing on tumor tissue biopsies is required for metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. However, it is infeasible for patients after curative surgery and repeated biopsy. This study is aimed at evaluating the consistency of RAS genes in patient’s plasma, stool, and tumor tissue samples, to explore whether plasma and stool samples can supplement or replace tumor tissue to assess baseline RAS gene status. Methods. Between June 2016 and October 2017, 53 patients with stage I-IV CRC from the Liaoning Cancer Hospital and the Department of Medical Oncology of the First Hospital of China Medical University were enrolled in the study. Patient tissues, peripheral blood, and stool samples were collected, and RAS gene tests were performed. Results. Analysis of the KRAS gene in tissue, plasma, and stool samples from 53 CRC patients detected 25 cases (47%) of KRAS gene mutations in the tissue samples, 20 cases (38%) of KRAS gene mutations in plasma, and 18 (34%) KRAS gene mutations in fecal samples. The overall consistency of KRAS gene status between tissue samples and plasma samples was 77.4% (p≤0.05) and between tissue samples and stool samples was 83% (p≤0.05). In stage IV cases, the agreement of KRAS gene status between tissue and plasma samples was 93.8% (p≤0.05) and 93.8% (p≤0.05) between tissue and stool samples. Conclusion. There was a high overall consistency in KRAS mutational assessment between plasma, stool, and tissue samples. In stage IV patients, the consistency of KRAS gene detection between tissue and stools or plasma was higher.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic Analyses of the Adenoma-Carcinoma Sequence Identify Hallmarks Associated With the Onset of Colorectal Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qin Hong ◽  
Bing Li ◽  
Xiumei Cai ◽  
Zhengtao Lv ◽  
Shilun Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Tumor Formation ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Consistent Finding ◽  
Cancer Hallmarks ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Potential Marker

The concept of the adenoma-carcinoma sequence in colorectal cancer (CRC) is widely accepted. However, the relationship between the characteristics of the transcriptome and the adenoma-carcinoma sequence in CRC remains unclear. Here, the transcriptome profiles of 15 tissue samples from five CRC patients were generated by RNAseq. Six specific dynamic expression patterns of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were generated by mFuzz. Weighted correlation network analysis showed that DEGs in cluster 4 were associated with carcinoma tissues, and those in cluster 6 were associated with non-normal tissues. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses identified metabolic dysregulation as a consistent finding throughout the transition process, whereas downregulation of the immune response occurred during normal to adenoma transition, and the upregulation of canonical pathways was associated with adenoma to carcinoma transition. Overall survival analysis of patients in cluster 6 identified TPD52L1 as a marker of poor prognosis, and cell proliferation, colony formation, wound healing, and Transwell invasion assays showed that high expression levels of TPD52L1 promoted malignant behaviors. In total, 70 proteins were identified as potential partners of hD53 by mass spectrometry. CRC formation was associated with three cancer hallmarks: dysregulation of metabolism, inactivation of the immune response, and activation of canonical cancer pathways. The TPD52L1 gene was identified as a potential marker to track tumor formation in CRC and as an indicator of poor patient prognosis.

scholarly journals Postoperative Complications Are Associated with Long-Term Changes in the Gut Microbiota Following Colorectal Cancer Surgery

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 246
Author(s):  
Felix C.F. Schmitt ◽  
Martin Schneider ◽  
William Mathejczyk ◽  
Markus A. Weigand ◽  
Jane C. Figueiredo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Tumor Resection ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Surgery ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
Stool Samples

Changes in the gut microbiome have already been associated with postoperative complications in major abdominal surgery. However, it is still unclear whether these changes are transient or a long-lasting effect. Therefore, the aim of this prospective clinical pilot study was to examine long-term changes in the gut microbiota and to correlate these changes with the clinical course of the patient. Methods: In total, stool samples of 62 newly diagnosed colorectal cancer patients undergoing primary tumor resection were analyzed by 16S-rDNA next-generation sequencing. Stool samples were collected preoperatively in order to determine the gut microbiome at baseline as well as at 6, 12, and 24 months thereafter to observe longitudinal changes. Postoperatively, the study patients were separated into two groups—patients who suffered from postoperative complications (n = 30) and those without complication (n = 32). Patients with postoperative complications showed a significantly stronger reduction in the alpha diversity starting 6 months after operation, which does not resolve, even after 24 months. The structure of the microbiome was also significantly altered from baseline at six-month follow-up in patients with complications (p = 0.006). This was associated with a long-lasting decrease of a large number of species in the gut microbiota indicating an impact in the commensal microbiota and a long-lasting increase of Fusobacterium ulcerans. The microbial composition of the gut microbiome shows significant changes in patients with postoperative complications up to 24 months after surgery.

scholarly journals Association between colorectal cancer and Fusobacterium nucleatum and Bacteroides fragilis bacteria in Iranian patients: a preliminary study

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aref Shariati ◽  
Shabnam Razavi ◽  
Ehsanollah Ghaznavi-Rad ◽  
Behnaz Jahanbin ◽  
Abolfazl Akbari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Bacteroides Fragilis ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Normal Mucosa ◽  
Clinicopathologic Characteristics ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Adjacent Normal Mucosa ◽  
Iranian Patients

Abstract Background and aim Recent studies have proposed that commensal bacteria might be involved in the development and progression of gastrointestinal disorders such as colorectal cancer (CRC). Therefore, in this study, the relative abundance of Fusobacterium nucleatum, Bacteroides fragilis, Streptococcus bovis/gallolyticus, and Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) in CRC tissues, and their association with clinicopathologic characteristics of CRC was investigated in Iranian patients. Moreover, the role of these bacteria in the CRC-associated mutations including PIK3CA, KRAS, and BRAF was studied. Method To these ends, the noted bacteria were quantified in paired tumors and normal tissue specimens of 30 CRC patients, by TaqMan quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR). Next, possible correlations between clinicopathologic factors and mutations in PIK3CA, KRAS, and BRAF genes were analyzed. Results In studied samples, B. fragilis was the most abundant bacteria that was detected in 66 and 60% of paired tumor and normal samples, respectively. Furthermore, 15% of the B. fragilis-positive patients were infected with Enterotoxigenic B. fragilis (ETBF) in both adenocarcinoma and matched adjacent normal samples. F. nucleatum was also identified in 23% of tumors and 13% of adjacent normal tissue samples. Moreover, the relative abundance of these bacteria determined by 2-ΔCT was significantly higher in CRC samples than in adjacent normal mucosa (p < 0.05). On the other hand, our findings indicated that S. gallolyticus and EPEC, compared to adjacent normal mucosa, were not prevalent in CRC tissues. Finally, our results revealed a correlation between F. nucleatum-positive patients and the KRAS mutation (p = 0.02), while analyses did not show any association between bacteria and mutation in PIK3CA and BRAF genes. Conclusion The present study is the first report on the analysis of different bacteria in CRC tissue samples of Iranian patients. Our findings revealed that F. nucleatum and B. fragilis might be linked to CRC. However, any link between gut microbiome dysbiosis and CRC remains unknown.

scholarly journals PRMT1 enhances oncogenic arginine methylation of NONO in colorectal cancer

Oncogene ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin-Ke Yin ◽  
Yun-Long Wang ◽  
Fei Wang ◽  
Wei-Xing Feng ◽  
Shao-Mei Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Xenograft Model ◽  
Arginine Methylation ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Poor Overall Survival ◽  
Potential Marker

AbstractArginine methylation is an important posttranslational modification catalyzed by protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs). However, the role of PRMTs in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression is not well understood. Here we report that non-POU domain-containing octamer-binding protein (NONO) is overexpressed in CRC tissue and is a potential marker for poor prognosis in CRC patients. NONO silencing resulted in decreased proliferation, migration, and invasion of CRC cells, whereas overexpression had the opposite effect. In a xenograft model, tumors derived from NONO-deficient CRC cells were smaller than those derived from wild-type (WT) cells, and PRMT1 inhibition blocked CRC xenograft progression. A mass spectrometry analysis indicated that NONO is a substrate of PRMT1. R251 of NONO was asymmetrically dimethylated by PRMT1 in vitro and in vivo. Compared to NONO WT cells, NONO R251K mutant-expressing CRC cells showed reduced proliferation, migration, and invasion, and PRMT1 knockdown or pharmacological inhibition abrogated the malignant phenotype associated with NONO asymmetric dimethylation in both KRAS WT and mutant CRC cells. Compared to adjacent normal tissue, PRMT1 was highly expressed in the CRC zone in clinical specimens, which was correlated with poor overall survival in patients with locally advanced CRC. These results demonstrate that PRMT1-mediated methylation of NONO at R251 promotes CRC growth and metastasis, and suggest that PRMT1 inhibition may be an effective therapeutic strategy for CRC treatment regardless of KRAS mutation status.

scholarly journals Immunohistochemical expression of β-catenin, Ki67, CD3 and CD18 in canine colorectal adenomas and adenocarcinomas

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin M. V. Herstad ◽  
Gjermund Gunnes ◽  
Runa Rørtveit ◽  
Øyvor Kolbjørnsen ◽  
Linh Tran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Colorectal Adenomas ◽  
Colorectal Carcinogenesis ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Colonic Tissue ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Colonic Cells ◽  
Control Samples

Abstract Background Inflammation is believed to influence human colorectal carcinogenesis and may have an impact on prognosis and survival. The mucosal immunophenotype in dogs with colorectal cancer is poorly described. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the density, distribution and grade of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIIs) are different in normal colonic tissue vs benign stages (adenomas) and malignant stages (adenocarcinomas) of canine colorectal carcinogenesis, and thus, whether they can be considered as prognostic factors in dogs. This retrospective case-control study was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples from dogs with histologically confirmed colorectal adenoma (n = 18) and adenocarcinoma (n = 13) collected from archived samples. The samples had been collected by colonoscopy, surgery or during postmortem examination. Healthy colonic tissue obtained post mortem from dogs euthanized for reasons not involving the gastrointestinal tract served as control tissue (n = 9). Results The tumor samples had significantly lower numbers of CD3+ T-cells in the epithelium compared to controls (adenocarcinoma vs control, Kruskal-Wallis test, p = 0.0004, and adenoma vs control, p = 0.002). Adenomas had a significantly lower number of CD18+ cells in the lamina propria, compared to control samples (Kruskal-Wallis test, p = 0.008). Colonic samples from control dogs had uniform staining of β-catenin along the cell membrane of epithelial cells. Compared to normal colonic cells, the expression levels of cytoplasmic β-catenin were significantly higher in adenomas and adenocarcinomas (adenoma vs control Kruskal-Wallis test, p = 0.004, and adenocarcinoma vs control, p = 0.002). None of the control samples showed positive staining of β-catenin in the nucleus of colonic cells. In contrast, adenocarcinomas and adenomas showed moderate to strong staining of the cell nucleus. The nuclear β-catenin expression (signal strength and distribution) was significantly higher in adenomas compared to adenocarcinomas (Kruskal-Wallis test, p < 0.05). Conclusions β-catenin and Ki67 were not useful markers for demonstrating tumor progression from adenomas to adenocarcinomas. The lower presence of CD18 and CD3+ cells in colorectal tumors compared to controls indicates a reduced presence of histiocytes and T-cells, which may have implications for the pathogenesis and progression of colorectal cancer in dogs.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Genetic Characterisation of Human Sapovirus from Children with Diarrhoea in the Rural Areas of Vhembe District, South Africa, 2017–2020

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 393
Author(s):  
Mpho Magwalivha ◽  
Jean-Pierre Kabue Ngandu ◽  
Afsatou Ndama Traore ◽  
Natasha Potgieter
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rna Extraction ◽  
Diarrhoeal Disease ◽  
Positive Sample ◽  
Prevalent Strain ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Vhembe District ◽  
Pcr Targeting

Diarrhoeal disease is considered an important cause of morbidity and mortality in developing areas, and a large contributor to the burden of disease in children younger than five years of age. This study investigated the prevalence and genogroups of human sapovirus (SV) in children ≤5 years of age in rural communities of Vhembe district, South Africa. Between 2017 and 2020, a total of 284 stool samples were collected from children suffering with diarrhoea (n = 228) and from children without diarrhoea (n = 56). RNA extraction using Boom extraction method, and screening for SV using real-time PCR were done in the lab. Positive samples were subjected to conventional RT-PCR targeting the capsid fragment. Positive sample isolates were genotyped using Sanger sequencing. Overall SV were detected in 14.1% (40/284) of the stool samples (16.7% (38/228) of diarrhoeal and 3.6% (2/56) of non-diarrhoeal samples). Significant correlation between SV positive cases and water sources was noted. Genogroup-I was identified as the most prevalent strain comprising 81.3% (13/16), followed by SV-GII 12.5% (2/16) and SV-GIV 6.2% (1/16). This study provides valuable data on prevalence of SV amongst outpatients in rural and underdeveloped communities, and highlights the necessity for further monitoring of SV circulating strains as potential emerging strains.

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