scholarly journals Detection of Atypical porcine pestivirus in Swedish pigs with congenital tremor type A-II

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hedvig Stenberg ◽  
Magdalena Jacobson ◽  
Maja Malmberg
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Type A ◽  
Nordic Countries ◽  
Ns5b Region ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Matched Healthy Control ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Congenital Tremor

Abstract Background Congenital tremor type A-II is a neurological disorder characterized by tremor of the head and body of new-born piglets. The suggestive causative agent of the disease is the recently found atypical porcine pestivirus. The virus has been detected in piglets suffering from congenital tremor in central Europe, South and North America and in China but no studies has so far not been performed in the Nordic countries, hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of atypical porcine pestivirus in Swedish piglets. From June 2017 – June 2018, 15 piglets from four Swedish farms with ongoing outbreaks of congenital tremor, and 13 piglets with splay leg, from four different farms, were investigated for presence of APPV RNA in brain tissue. Matched healthy control piglets (n=8) were also studied. Two APPV-specific RT-qPCR:s targeting the NS3 and NS5B region, respectively, were used. A retrospective study was performed in the same manner on material from Swedish piglets with congenital tremor sampled in 2004 (n=11) and 2011/2012 (n=6). Results Atypical porcine pestivirus-RNA was detected in 93% (27/29) of the piglets suffering from congenital tremor. All samples from piglets with congenital tremor from 2004 (n = 11) and 2012 (n = 3) were PCR-positive with respect to APPV. All of the healthy controls (n=8) were negative for APPV. The piglets with congenital tremor sampled 2017-2018 had an odds ratio of 271 (95% CI 12.1 to 6096.8, z = 3.5, P = 0.0004) to test positive for APPV by qRT-PCR compared to the healthy piglets (Fishers exact test p < 0.0001). These findings make it interesting to continue investigating APPV in pigs in Sweden, as most of the virus details is unknown to date. Conclusion This is the first description of atypical porcine pestivirus in piglets with congenital tremor type A-II in Sweden and the Nordic countries. The virus has been present in the Swedish pig population since at least 2004.

scholarly journals Detection of Atypical porcine pestivirus in Swedish pigs with congenital tremor type A-II

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hedvig Stenberg ◽  
Magdalena Jacobson ◽  
Maja Malmberg
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Type A ◽  
Nordic Countries ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Matched Healthy Control ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Congenital Tremor ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background Congenital tremor (CT) type A-II is a neurological disorder characterized by tremor of the head and body of new-born piglets. The suggested causative agent of the disease is the recently found atypical porcine pestivirus. The virus has been detected in piglets suffering from congenital tremor in central Europe, South and North America and in China but no studies has so far been performed in the Nordic countries. The overarching goal of this study was to investigate if atypical porcine pestivirus are present in the brain tissue of Swedish piglets suffering from congenital tremor. From June 2017 – June 2018, 15 piglets from four Swedish farms with ongoing outbreaks of CT and 13 piglets with splay leg originating from four different farms, were investigated for presence of APPV RNA in brain tissue. Matched healthy control piglets (n=8) were also studied. Two APPV-specific RT-qPCR methods targeting the NS3 and NS5B region, respectively, were used. A retrospective study was performed on material from Swedish piglets with CT sampled in 2004 (n = 11) and 2011/2012 (n = 3) using the described APPV-specific RT-qPCR methods. The total number of piglets with signs of CT in this study was 29. Results Atypical porcine pestivirus-RNA was detected in 93% (27/29) of the piglets suffering from congenital tremor. All piglets with congenital tremor from 2004 (n = 11) and 2012 (n = 3) were PCR-positive with respect to APPV, whereas, all of the healthy controls (n = 11) were negative. The piglets with CT sampled 2017-2018 had an odds ratio of 271 (95% CI 12.1 to 6096.8, z = 3.5, P = 0.0004) to test positive for APPV by qRT-PCR compared to the healthy piglets (Fishers exact test p < 0.0001). These findings make it interesting to continue investigating APPV in the Swedish pig population. Conclusion This is the first description of atypical porcine pestivirus in piglets suffering from congenital tremor type A-II in Sweden and the Nordic countries. The virus has been present in the Swedish pig population since at least 2004. Keywords: congenital tremor, type A-II, atypical porcine pestivirus, splay legs, Sweden, pigs, piglets.

scholarly journals Detection of Atypical porcine pestivirus in Swedish piglets with congenital tremor type A-II

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hedvig Stenberg ◽  
Magdalena Jacobson ◽  
Maja Malmberg
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Type A ◽  
Nordic Countries ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Newborn Piglets ◽  
Matched Healthy Control ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Congenital Tremor ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background Congenital tremor (CT) type A-II is a neurological disorder characterized by tremor of the head and body of newborn piglets. The suggested causative agent of the disease is the recently found atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV). The virus has been detected in piglets suffering from congenital tremor in central Europe, South and North America and in China but no studies has so far been performed in the Nordic countries. The overarching goal of this study was to investigate if APPV is present in the brain tissue of Swedish piglets suffering from congenital tremor. From June 2017 – June 2018, 15 piglets from four Swedish farms with ongoing outbreaks of congenital tremor and 13 piglets with splay leg originating from four different farms, were investigated for presence of APPV RNA in brain tissue. Matched healthy control piglets (n=8) were also investigated. Two APPV-specific RT-qPCR methods targeting the NS3 and NS5B region, respectively, were used. A retrospective study was performed on material from Swedish piglets with congenital tremor sampled in 2004 (n = 11) and 2011/2012 (n = 3) using the described APPV-specific RT-qPCR methods. The total number of piglets with signs of CT in this study was 29. Results Atypical porcine pestivirus-RNA was detected in 93% (27/29) of the piglets suffering from congenital tremor. All piglets with congenital tremor from 2004 (n = 11) and 2012 (n = 3) were PCR-positive with respect to APPV, whereas, all of the healthy controls (n = 11) were negative. The piglets with congenital tremor sampled 2017-2018 had an odds ratio of 91,8 (95% CI 3.9128 to 2153.7842, z = 2.807, P = 0.0050) to test positive for APPV by qRT-PCR compared to the healthy piglets (Fishers exact test p < 0.0001). These findings make it interesting to continue investigating APPV in the Swedish pig population. Conclusion This is the first description of atypical porcine pestivirus in piglets suffering from congenital tremor type A-II in Sweden and the Nordic countries. The virus has been present in the Swedish pig population since at least 2004.

scholarly journals Glutathione-S-Transferase M1 and T1 Gene Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to the Progression of Liver Fibrosis in Hcv-Infected Patients in Taiwan

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang-Chun Sun ◽  
Ya-Chung Jeng ◽  
Meng-Shiou Lee ◽  
Chen-Fan Wen ◽  
Tsung-Ming Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus Infection ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Gstt1 Gene ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
T1 Gene

Abstract Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) M1 and T1 polymorphisms in 184 patients with different stages of liver fibrosis and hepatitis C virus infection and 173 healthy control subjects. Methods: DNA samples were extracted from whole blood, and the polymorphisms of GSTM1 and GSTT1 were determined with PCR using fluorescence-labeled Taq Man probes. Associations between specific genotypes and progression of liver fibrosis were examined by use of the logistic regression analysis to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Results show that no differences were found between the frequencies of GSTM1 (49.8% versus 50.2%) and GSTT1 (52.2% versus 47.8%) null genotypes in HCV-infected pa tients and healthy controls, respectively. In addition, there was also no significant relation between the frequency of GSTM1 or GSTT1 gene polymorphisms and fibrosis stage as classified by the METAVIR group. Conclusions: The combined GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes showed an association between GSTM1 [-]/GSTT1 [- ] and progression of liver fibrosis.

Strong Association of Interleukin-6 -174 G>C Promoter Polymorphism with Increased Risk of Oral Cancer

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 246-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Vairaktaris ◽  
A. Yiannopoulos ◽  
A. Vylliotis ◽  
C. Yapijakis ◽  
S. Derka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Promoter Polymorphism ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Age And Sex

In view of the recently found contribution of factors associated with thrombosis and inflammation to carcinogenesis, we investigated the possible association of interleukin-6 (IL-6) with an increased risk of oral cancer. In DNA samples of 162 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma and 156 healthy controls of comparable ethnicity, age and sex, we studied the -174 G>C polymorphism in the IL-6 gene, which affects its transcription. C allele frequencies were significantly increased in patients compared to controls, 42.6% versus 23.1% (p<0.001). The CC homozygotes had a 7-fold greater risk of developing oral cancer (odds ratio 7.39, 95% CI 2.61–20.92), while the GC heterozygotes had a 4-fold greater risk (odds ratio 3.74, 95% CI 2.29–6.11). A significant increase in C alleles was observed in patients regardless of their smoking or alcohol consumption habits, early or advanced stage of cancer, and presence or absence of a family history for cancer or thrombophilia (p<0.001; Fisher's exact test). These findings suggest that the –174 G>C polymorphism, by affecting IL-6 gene expression, is strongly associated with oral oncogenesis.

scholarly journals The Relation betweenHelicobacter pyloriInfection and Acute Bacterial Diarrhea in Children

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Monajemzadeh ◽  
Ata Abbasi ◽  
Parin Tanzifi ◽  
Sahar Taba Taba Vakili ◽  
Heshmat Irani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Asymptomatic Children ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Bacterial Diarrhea

Background.H. pyloriinfection leads to chronic gastritis in both children and adults. But recently, there are arising theories of its protective effect in diarrheal diseases.Aim. To explore the prevalence ofH. pyloriinfection in children with bacterial diarrhea and compare it with healthy controls.Patients and Methods. Two matched groups consisted of 122 consecutive children, aged 24–72 months old, with acute bacterial diarrhea, who had Shigellosis (N=68) and Salmonellosis (N=54) as patients group and 204 healthy asymptomatic children as control group enrolled in this study.Results. The prevalence ofH. pyloriinfection in healthy control children was significantly higher than in patients group, (odds ratio = 3.6, 95% CI: 1.33–9.5,P=0.007). In our study, only 2/54Salmonellainfected patients and 3/68 of Shigellosis had evidence ofH. pyloriinfection, while normal control children had 27/204 infected individuals.Conclusion.H. pyloriinfection may play a protective role against bacterial diarrhea in children. So it is important to consider all of the positive and negative aspects ofH. pyloriinfection before its eradication.

The 20210 A Allele of the Prothrombin Gene Is a Common Risk Factor among Swedish Outpatients with Verified Deep Venous Thrombosis

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (03) ◽  
pp. 0990-0992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Hillarp ◽  
Bengt Zӧller ◽  
Peter J Svensson ◽  
Bjӧrn Dahlbäck
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Untranslated Region ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Common Risk Factor ◽  
Apc Resistance ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Prothrombin Gene

SummaryA dimorphism in the 3’-untranslated region of the prothrombin gene (G to A transition at position 20210) has recently been reported to be associated with increases in plasma prothrombin levels and in the risk of venous thrombosis (1). We have examined the prothrombin dimorphism among 99 unselected outpatients with phlebography verified deep venous thrombosis, and in 282 healthy controls. The prevalence of the 20210 A allele was 7.1% (7/99) in the patient group, and 1.8% (5/282) in the healthy control group (p = 0.0095). The relative risk of venous thrombosis was calculated to be 4.2 (95% Cl, 1.3 to 13.6), and was still significant when adjustment was made for age, sex and the factor V:R506Q mutation causing APC resistance [odds ratio 3.8 (95% Cl, 1.1 13.2)]. As previously reported, 28% of the patients were carriers of the factor V:R506Q mutation. Thus, 34% (one patient carried both traits) of unselected patients with deep venous thrombosis were carriers of an inherited prothrombotic disorder. To sum up, our results confirm the 20210 A allele of the prothrombin gene to be an important risk factor for venous thrombosis.

scholarly journals Microarray analysis reveals an inflammatory transcriptomic signature in peripheral blood for sciatica

BMC Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Wang ◽  
Guogang Dai ◽  
Ling Jiang ◽  
Shichuan Liao ◽  
Jiao Xia
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Transcriptomic Signature ◽  
Transcriptional Changes ◽  
Key Genes

Abstract Background Although the pathology of sciatica has been studied extensively, the transcriptional changes in the peripheral blood caused by sciatica have not been characterized. This study aimed to characterize the peripheral blood transcriptomic signature for sciatica. Methods We used a microarray to identify differentially expressed genes in the peripheral blood of patients with sciatica compared with that of healthy controls, performed a functional analysis to reveal the peripheral blood transcriptomic signature for sciatica, and conducted a network analysis to identify key genes that contribute to the observed transcriptional changes. The expression levels of these key genes were assessed by qRT-PCR. Results We found that 153 genes were differentially expressed in the peripheral blood of patients with sciatica compared with that of healthy controls, and 131 and 22 of these were upregulated and downregulated, respectively. A functional analysis revealed that these differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were strongly enriched for the inflammatory response or immunity. The network analysis revealed that a group of genes, most of which are related to the inflammatory response, played a key role in the dysregulation of these DEGs. These key genes are Toll-like receptor 4, matrix metallopeptidase 9, myeloperoxidase, cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide, resistin and Toll-like receptor 5, and a qRT-PCR analysis validated the higher transcript levels of these key genes in the peripheral blood of patients with sciatica than in that of healthy controls. Conclusion We revealed inflammatory characteristics that serve as a peripheral blood transcriptomic signature for sciatica and identified genes that are essential for mRNA dysregulation in the peripheral blood of patients with sciatica.

scholarly journals A MYC-Driven Plasma Polyamine Signature for Early Detection of Ovarian Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 913
Author(s):  
Johannes Fahrmann ◽  
Ehsan Irajizad ◽  
Makoto Kobayashi ◽  
Jody Vykoukal ◽  
Jennifer Dennison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Polyamine Metabolism ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Test Set ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Oncogenic Driver ◽  
Characteristic Area ◽  
Validation Set

MYC is an oncogenic driver in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer. We previously demonstrated that MYC regulates polyamine metabolism in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and that a plasma polyamine signature is associated with TNBC development and progression. We hypothesized that a similar plasma polyamine signature may associate with ovarian cancer (OvCa) development. Using mass spectrometry, four polyamines were quantified in plasma from 116 OvCa cases and 143 controls (71 healthy controls + 72 subjects with benign pelvic masses) (Test Set). Findings were validated in an independent plasma set from 61 early-stage OvCa cases and 71 healthy controls (Validation Set). Complementarity of polyamines with CA125 was also evaluated. Receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (AUC) of individual polyamines for distinguishing cases from healthy controls ranged from 0.74–0.88. A polyamine signature consisting of diacetylspermine + N-(3-acetamidopropyl)pyrrolidin-2-one in combination with CA125 developed in the Test Set yielded improvement in sensitivity at >99% specificity relative to CA125 alone (73.7% vs 62.2%; McNemar exact test 2-sided P: 0.019) in the validation set and captured 30.4% of cases that were missed with CA125 alone. Our findings reveal a MYC-driven plasma polyamine signature associated with OvCa that complemented CA125 in detecting early-stage ovarian cancer.

scholarly journals Altered DNA methylation pattern reveals epigenetic regulation of Hox genes in thoracic aortic dissection and serves as a biomarker in disease diagnosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peiru Liu ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Duo Du ◽  
Dandan Zhang ◽  
Zelin Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Aortic Dissection ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Heart Development ◽  
Type A ◽  
Methylation Pattern ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Global Methylation ◽  
Thoracic Aortic Dissection

Abstract Background Thoracic aortic dissection (TAD) is a severe disease with limited understandings in its pathogenesis. Altered DNA methylation has been revealed to be involved in many diseases etiology. Few studies have examined the role of DNA methylation in the development of TAD. This study explored alterations of the DNA methylation landscape in TAD and examined the potential role of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) methylation as a biomarker in TAD diagnosis. Results Ascending aortic tissues from TAD patients (Stanford type A; n = 6) and healthy controls (n = 6) were first examined via whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS). While no obvious global methylation shift was observed, numerous differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were identified, with associated genes enriched in the areas of vasculature and heart development. We further confirmed the methylation and expression changes in homeobox (Hox) clusters with 10 independent samples using bisulfite pyrosequencing and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Among these, HOXA5, HOXB6 and HOXC6 were significantly down-regulated in TAD samples relative to controls. To evaluate cfDNA methylation pattern as a biomarker in TAD diagnosis, cfDNA from TAD patients (Stanford type A; n = 7) and healthy controls (n = 4) were examined by WGBS. A prediction model was built using DMRs identified previously from aortic tissues on methylation data from cfDNA. Both high sensitivity (86%) and specificity (75%) were achieved in patient classification (AUC = 0.96). Conclusions These findings showed an altered epigenetic regulation in TAD patients. This altered epigenetic regulation and subsequent altered expression of genes associated with vasculature and heart development, such as Hox family genes, may contribute to the loss of aortic integrity and TAD pathogenesis. Additionally, the cfDNA methylation in TAD was highly disease specific, which can be used as a non-invasive biomarker for disease prediction.

scholarly journals Parental risk factors for congenital diaphragmatic hernia – a large German case-control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicitas Schulz ◽  
Ekkehart Jenetzky ◽  
Nadine Zwink ◽  
Charlotte Bendixen ◽  
Florian Kipfmueller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Parental Risk Factors ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Evidence for periconceptional or prenatal environmental risk factors for the development of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is still scarce. Here, in a case-control study we investigated potential environmental risk factors in 199 CDH patients compared to 597 healthy control newborns. Methods The following data was collected: time of conception and birth, maternal BMI, parental risk factors such as smoking, alcohol or drug intake, use of hairspray, contact to animals and parental chronic diseases. CDH patients were born between 2001 and 2019, all healthy control newborns were born in 2011. Patients and control newborns were matched in the ratio of three to one. Results Presence of CDH was significantly associated with maternal periconceptional alcohol intake (odds ratio = 1.639, 95% confidence interval 1.101–2.440, p = 0.015) and maternal periconceptional use of hairspray (odds ratio = 2.072, 95% confidence interval 1.330–3.229, p = 0.001). Conclusion Our study suggests an association between CDH and periconceptional maternal alcohol intake and periconceptional maternal use of hairspray. Besides the identification of novel and confirmation of previously described parental risk factors, our study underlines the multifactorial background of isolated CDH.

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