Metabolomic analysis of bioactive compounds in mature rhizomes and daughter rhizomes in ginger (Zingiber officinale)

Abstract Background The bioactive compounds of ginger (Zingiber officinale), such as gingerols, diarylheptanoids, and flavonoids, are of importance to human health because of their anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. The daughter rhizomes arise from mature rhizomes, but the pungency and pharmacological quality of the two rhizome types differ substantially. Results In this study, a metabolomic analysis was performed to investigate the biosynthesis of major bioactive compounds in the mature rhizome (R) and daughter rhizome (DR) in ginger. A total of 1212 differentially accumulated metabolites with p < 0.05 and |fold change| ≥ 1 were identified, of which 399 metabolites were more highly accumulated in R samples than in DR samples, whereas 211 metabolites were most highly accumulated in DR samples. Metabolic pathways associated with the bioactive compounds that determine the pharmacological activity of ginger, including the “terpenoid backbone biosynthesis”, “stilbenoid, diarylheptanoid, and gingerol biosynthesis”, and "flavonoid biosynthesis" pathways, were enriched in R samples, which indicated that bioactive compounds mainly accumulated in mature rhizomes of ginger. Conclusion Differences in the key bioactive chemical constituents between the rhizome and daughter rhizome were analyzed. These results provide a theoretical basis for comprehensive development and utilization of ginger resources.

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Metabolomic analysis of the pharmacological active substances in four ginger varieties

10.21203/rs.2.22667/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Zhexin Li ◽

Shao-Fei Dang ◽

Yan-Ru Fan ◽

Hong-Lei Li ◽

Wen-Lin Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Metabolic Pathways ◽

Kegg Pathway ◽

Zingiber Officinale ◽

P Value ◽

Anti Oxidant ◽

Hormone Biosynthesis ◽

Further Development ◽

Insight Into ◽

Active Substances

Abstract Background: The bioactive compounds of ginger (Zingiber officinale), including gingerols, diarylheptanoids, and flavonoids, are important for human health because of their anticancer, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Results: The UPLC/Q-TOF-MS profiles of four ginger samples, Zingiber officinale 'Yujiang No.1' (YJ), Zingiber officinale 'Shandong dajiang' (SD), Zingiber officinale 'Shandong xiaojiang' (SX) and Zingiber officinale 'Luoping xiaohuangjiang' (LP) were compared to gain insight into the differences in their rhizome content. A total of 1,810 metabolites were detected across the four varieties with 111, 72, 57, and 92 metabolites shared between the LP/YJ, SX/YJ, SX/SD and LP/SD ginger samples, respectively, with a p value of < 0.05 and a fold change of ≥1. Among the four libraries, 186 differentially expressed metabolites were identified. The metabolic pathways associated with the production of the bioactive compounds of ginger included those for stilbenoid, diarylheptanoid, and gingerol biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and diterpenoid biosynthesis. Among the differentially accumulated metabolites, gingerols and α-zingiberene were found in higher amounts in the SD and LP than in the SX and YJ varieties. The steroid hormones and terpenoids were found in higher amounts in LP than the other ginger samples. Conclusion: The LP and SD varieties could be utilized as a source of medicinal ginger, while SX and YJ are more suited to incorporation into food because of their lighter taste related to their lower content of gingerols. The differences in active ingredients combined with analysis of the KEGG pathway allowed prediction of the metabolite synthetic pathways involved in the ginger component biosynthesis and lays the foundation for the further development and use of specific ginger varieties as medicinal resources.

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QUALITY CONTROL OF ZINGIBER OFFICINALE OILS IN PRODUCT FORMULATIONS

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v77.6002 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 77 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Nurhazwani Mohd Hirmizi ◽

Saidatul Husni Saidin ◽

Nor Azah Mohamad Ali ◽

Azrina Aziz ◽

Mailina Jamil ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Ph Value ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Skin Irritation ◽

Zingiber Officinale ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Limit Test ◽

Main Components

Zingiber officinale (ginger) is one of the most commonly used flavouring ingredients in food and culinary dishes. The essential oils are known for its unique aroma and characteristic and widely used as therapy. In this study, the essential oil was formulated as massage oil and the quality of massage oil was evaluated on its physicochemical properties, i.e. colour, odour, density, viscosity, refractive index and pH value. The efficacy of the product was determined by the value of the melanin (coloured pigment) and erythema (redness of skin) as well skin irritation analysis (Finn Chamber Patch). The massage oil was also tested using Head Space-Solid Phase Microextraction-Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (HS-SPME-GCMS) to determine the presence of ginger’s essential oils important chemical constituents in the massage oil. Analysis revealed the presence of a-zingiberene, neral and geranial which are the main components found in ginger massage oil. For safety use, the finished product was tested for microbial enumeration test and heavy metal analysis. Result showed that there was no microbial contamination and meets the British Pharmacopoeia 2011 specifications in topical use. Meanwhile the results of limit test for heavy metals were found to be below detectable levels of National Pharmaceutical Control Bureau specifications.

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Comparative analysis of tuberous root metabolites between cultivated and wild varieties of Rehmannia glutinosa by widely targeted metabolomics

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-90961-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yanqing Zhou ◽

Luying Shao ◽

Jialin Zhu ◽

Huimin Li ◽

Hongying Duan

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Acids ◽

Rehmannia Glutinosa ◽

Targeted Metabolomics ◽

Kegg Pathways ◽

Tuberous Roots ◽

Comprehensive Development ◽

Widely Targeted Metabolomics ◽

Development And Utilization ◽

Wild Variety

AbstractDifferential metabolites between tuberous roots from cultivated variety (ZP) and wild variety (YS) of Rehmannia glutinosa were analyzed by widely targeted metabolomics, and annotated to KEGG pathways. 228 secondary metabolites (SM) in ZP and YS were detected, of which 58 were differential metabolites (DM), including 41 flavonoids, 10 phenolic acids, 3 terpenoids, 2 alkaloids and 2 others, and 170 were unchanged; Among 58 DMs, 44 (75.9%) were up-regulated in YS, of which 30 were unique to YS, while 14 (24.1%) were down-regulated in YS, of which 10 were unique to ZP; Among flavonoids, 33 (80.5%) were more highly expressed in YS than in ZP; Among phenolic acids, 7 (70%) were more highly expressed in YS than in ZP; 12 of 58 DMs were annotated into 17 types of KEGG pathways. Among them, benzoic acid and p-Coumaryl alcohol were up-regulated in YS, and annotated into 10 pathways (58.8%) and 4 pathways (23.5%), respectively. In addition, much of DMs possess various pharmacological effects. These results indicated better quality of YS than ZP and the necessity of YS domestication. Taken together, this study will provide a reference for the scientific introduction, comprehensive development and utilization of wild Rehmannia glutinosa.

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Bioactive Compounds and Bioactivities of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe)

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods8060185 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 185 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Qian-Qian Mao ◽

Xiao-Yu Xu ◽

Shi-Yu Cao ◽

Ren-You Gan ◽

Harold Corke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Functional Foods ◽

Review Paper ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Zingiber Officinale ◽

Mechanisms Of Action ◽

Zingiber Officinale Roscoe

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is a common and widely used spice. It is rich in various chemical constituents, including phenolic compounds, terpenes, polysaccharides, lipids, organic acids, and raw fibers. The health benefits of ginger are mainly attributed to its phenolic compounds, such as gingerols and shogaols. Accumulated investigations have demonstrated that ginger possesses multiple biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, neuroprotective, cardiovascular protective, respiratory protective, antiobesity, antidiabetic, antinausea, and antiemetic activities. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about the bioactive compounds and bioactivities of ginger, and the mechanisms of action are also discussed. We hope that this updated review paper will attract more attention to ginger and its further applications, including its potential to be developed into functional foods or nutraceuticals for the prevention and management of chronic diseases.

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AN EFFECT OF CARDIOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY IN VARIOUS MEDICINAL PLANTS–A REVIEW

International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.22159/ijcpr.2019v11i2.33019 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

VIJAYA NIRMALA R. ◽

ABINAYA R.

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Lifestyle Modification ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Zingiber Officinale ◽

Tinospora Cordifolia ◽

Asparagus Racemosus ◽

Embelia Ribes ◽

Life Threatening ◽

The One

Siddha system of medicines is known for its herbal in origin. Herbal plays a major role in treating acute and chronic diseases. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is the life-threatening disease that contributes a leading cause of death day by day across the world. A change in lifestyle modification is the one of the risks of CVDs. This review paper attempts to facilitate the cardioprotective activity by providing different types of medicinal plants and its botanical distribution, description, chemical constituents and pharmacological activity. Few important herbs will protect the human being from CVDs and gives health and quality of life. In this paper, the authors explores the effect of cardioprotective activity in medicinal plants as follows, Terminalia chebula (Kadukkai), Piper longum (Thippili), Zingiber officinale (Inji), Tinospora cordifolia (Seenthil), Asparagus racemosus (Thanneervitan), Embelia ribes (Vaaivilangam), Andrographis paniculata (Nilavembu), Nelumbo nucifera (Thaamarai), Allium sativum (Vellaipoondu), Bauhinia variegata (Mantharai).

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Pharmaceutical quality of yarrow (Achillea millefolium L. s.l.) – Investigation of 40 commercial drug samples by means of the bioactive compounds

Planta Medica ◽

10.1055/s-2007-987018 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 73 (09) ◽

Author(s):

B Benedek ◽

K Rothwangl-Wiltschnigg ◽

E Rozema ◽

N Gjoncaj ◽

G Reznicek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Achillea Millefolium ◽

Pharmaceutical Quality

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EFEK PENAMBAHAN EKSTRAK AIR JAHE (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) DAN PENYIMPANAN DINGIN TERHADAP MUTU SENSORI IKAN TUNA (Thunnus albacores)

JURNAL PERIKANAN DAN KELAUTAN TROPIS ◽

10.35800/jpkt.6.1.2010.115 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 36

Author(s):

Silvana Dinaintang Harikedua

Keyword(s):

Sensory Quality ◽

Zingiber Officinale ◽

The Other ◽

Ginger Extract ◽

Other Hand ◽

Storage Treatment ◽

Zingiber Officinale Roscoe ◽

Hedonic Scale ◽

And Storage

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of ginger extract addition and refrigerate storage on sensory quality of Tuna through panelist’s perception. Panelists (n=30) evaluated samples for overall appearance and flavor attribute using hedonic scale 1–7. The sample which is more acceptable by panelists on flavor attributes having 3% gingers extract and storage for 3 days. The less acceptable sample on flavor attribute having 0% ginger extract and storage for 9 days. On the other hand, the sample which is more acceptable by panelists on overall appearance having 0% ginger extract without storage treatment. The less acceptable sample on overall appearance having 3% ginger extract and storage for 9 days.

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Effects of phenolic compounds from blueberry leaves on the thermal decomposition of trimethylamine oxide in squid extract

International Journal of Food Engineering ◽

10.1515/ijfe-2020-0087 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Yingchang Li ◽

Fengxia Du ◽

Suzhen Song ◽

Shuangyan Li ◽

Xianqing Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thermal Decomposition ◽

Free Radicals ◽

Chlorogenic Acid ◽

Theoretical Basis ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Aquatic Products ◽

Trimethylamine Oxide ◽

Mechanism Of Inhibition ◽

Development And Utilization ◽

Blueberry Leaves

AbstractThe effects of chlorogenic acid and quercetin-3-D-galactoside on the decomposition of trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) in squid extract and the main mechanism of inhibition of thermal decomposition were studied. The results indicated that chlorogenic acid and quercetin-3-D-galactoside could inhibit decomposition of TMAO in squid extract. The amount of TMAO was increased by 11.79 and 15.76% in squid extract treated with chlorogenic acid and quercetin-3-D-galactoside from 0 and 2.5 g/L, respectively. The contents of trimethylamine (TMA), dimethylamine (DMA), and formaldehyde (FA) were significantly decreased with increasing contents of chlorogenic acid and quercetin-3-D-galactoside. There were many free radicals in squid extract at high temperatures; however, the free radical signals were weakened after the addition of chlorogenic acid and quercetin-3-D-galactoside therein. This implied that chlorogenic acid and quercetin-3-D-galactoside could inhibit the thermal decomposition of TMAO in squid extract, which was associated with the scavenging of their free radicals. This result provides a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of blueberry leaf extract as an efficient FA inhibitor for aquatic products.

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