Metabolomic analysis of the pharmacological active substances in four ginger varieties

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhexin Li ◽  
Shao-Fei Dang ◽  
Yan-Ru Fan ◽  
Hong-Lei Li ◽  
Wen-Lin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Kegg Pathway ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
P Value ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Hormone Biosynthesis ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Active Substances

Abstract Background: The bioactive compounds of ginger (Zingiber officinale), including gingerols, diarylheptanoids, and flavonoids, are important for human health because of their anticancer, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Results: The UPLC/Q-TOF-MS profiles of four ginger samples, Zingiber officinale 'Yujiang No.1' (YJ), Zingiber officinale 'Shandong dajiang' (SD), Zingiber officinale 'Shandong xiaojiang' (SX) and Zingiber officinale 'Luoping xiaohuangjiang' (LP) were compared to gain insight into the differences in their rhizome content. A total of 1,810 metabolites were detected across the four varieties with 111, 72, 57, and 92 metabolites shared between the LP/YJ, SX/YJ, SX/SD and LP/SD ginger samples, respectively, with a p value of < 0.05 and a fold change of ≥1. Among the four libraries, 186 differentially expressed metabolites were identified. The metabolic pathways associated with the production of the bioactive compounds of ginger included those for stilbenoid, diarylheptanoid, and gingerol biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and diterpenoid biosynthesis. Among the differentially accumulated metabolites, gingerols and α-zingiberene were found in higher amounts in the SD and LP than in the SX and YJ varieties. The steroid hormones and terpenoids were found in higher amounts in LP than the other ginger samples. Conclusion: The LP and SD varieties could be utilized as a source of medicinal ginger, while SX and YJ are more suited to incorporation into food because of their lighter taste related to their lower content of gingerols. The differences in active ingredients combined with analysis of the KEGG pathway allowed prediction of the metabolite synthetic pathways involved in the ginger component biosynthesis and lays the foundation for the further development and use of specific ginger varieties as medicinal resources.

scholarly journals Metabolomic analysis of bioactive compounds in mature rhizomes and daughter rhizomes in ginger (Zingiber officinale)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhexin Li ◽  
Ze-Xiong Chen ◽  
Jian-Min Tang ◽  
Yu-Song Jiang ◽  
Qin-Hong Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Flavonoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Metabolomic Analysis ◽  
Comprehensive Development ◽  
Development And Utilization

Abstract Background The bioactive compounds of ginger (Zingiber officinale), such as gingerols, diarylheptanoids, and flavonoids, are of importance to human health because of their anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. The daughter rhizomes arise from mature rhizomes, but the pungency and pharmacological quality of the two rhizome types differ substantially. Results In this study, a metabolomic analysis was performed to investigate the biosynthesis of major bioactive compounds in the mature rhizome (R) and daughter rhizome (DR) in ginger. A total of 1212 differentially accumulated metabolites with p < 0.05 and |fold change| ≥ 1 were identified, of which 399 metabolites were more highly accumulated in R samples than in DR samples, whereas 211 metabolites were most highly accumulated in DR samples. Metabolic pathways associated with the bioactive compounds that determine the pharmacological activity of ginger, including the “terpenoid backbone biosynthesis”, “stilbenoid, diarylheptanoid, and gingerol biosynthesis”, and "flavonoid biosynthesis" pathways, were enriched in R samples, which indicated that bioactive compounds mainly accumulated in mature rhizomes of ginger. Conclusion Differences in the key bioactive chemical constituents between the rhizome and daughter rhizome were analyzed. These results provide a theoretical basis for comprehensive development and utilization of ginger resources.

scholarly journals Sea Buckthorn Vegetative Parts – A Good Source of Bioactive Compounds

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elga Šnē ◽  
Ruta Galoburda ◽  
Dalija Segliņa
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Sea Buckthorn ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Pharmaceutical Properties ◽  
Promising Source ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Biological Active Substances

In recent years, due to the health problems and better life expectancy, natural sources of bioactive substances have gained wide interest. Sea buckthorn is well known as a valuable plant and is widely used in traditional medicine for the treatment of diseases and disorders. A considerable amount of literature has been published on sea buckthorn berries, although all parts of sea buckthorn plant are considered as a source of a large amount of biological active substances, and believed to have beneficial health effects. Therefore, vegetative parts would be a good raw material not only for medicinal, cosmetic and pharmaceutical properties, but also for the food industry. This has increased the research on different sea buckthorn vegetative parts and their extract activity and toxicity. Sea buckthorn leaves have attracted interest during the past few years as the most promising source of active compounds after berries. They contain a wide range of hydrophilic and lipophilic bioactive compounds, which exhibit remarkable anti-oxidant potential together with anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-tumour and anti-inflammatory activity. Therefore, extracts of the plant leaves could be used as natural replacements for synthetic additives and for food products with functional properties. This creates the need to investigate the biochemical content of sea buckthorn vegetative parts grown in Latvia.

Pharmacologically potentials of different substituted coumarin derivatives

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Benzene Ring ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Coumarin Derivatives ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Coumarin Compounds

Coumarin and its derivatives are widely spread in nature. Coumarin goes to agroup as benzopyrones, which consists of a benzene ring connected to a pyronemoiety. Coumarins displayed a broad range of pharmacologically useful profile.Coumarins are considered as a promising group of bioactive compounds thatexhibited a wide range of biological activities like anti-microbial, anti-viral,antiparasitic, anti-helmintic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anticancer,anti-oxidant, anti-proliferative, anti-convulsant, and antihypertensiveactivities etc. The coumarin compounds have immense interest due to theirdiverse pharmacological properties. In particular, these biological activities makecoumarin compounds more attractive and testing as novel therapeuticcompounds.

Transcriptional identification of differentially expressed genes during the prepupal–pupal transition in the oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Peirong Li ◽  
Xinru Li ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Xiaoling Tan ◽  
Xiaoqi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Kegg Pathway ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Mythimna Separata ◽  
Kegg Pathway Analysis ◽  
Oriental Armyworm ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Abstract The oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata (Walker) is a serious pest of agriculture that does particular damage to Gramineae crops in Asia, Europe, and Oceania. Metamorphosis is a key developmental stage in insects, although the genes underlying the metamorphic transition in M. separata remain largely unknown. Here, we sequenced the transcriptomes of five stages; mature larvae (ML), wandering (W), and pupation (1, 5, and 10 days after pupation, designated P1, P5, and P10) to identify transition-associated genes. Four libraries were generated, with 22,884, 23,534, 26,643, and 33,238 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for the ML-vs-W, W-vs-P1, P1-vs-P5, and P5-vs-P10, respectively. Gene ontology enrichment analysis of DEGs showed that genes regulating the biosynthesis of the membrane and integral components of the membrane, which includes the cuticular protein (CP), 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), and juvenile hormone (JH) biosynthesis, were enriched. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis indicated that DEGs were enriched in the metabolic pathways. Of these DEGs, thirty CP, seventeen 20E, and seven JH genes were differentially expressed across the developmental stages. For transcriptome validation, ten CP, 20E, and JH-related genes were selected and verified by real-time PCR quantitative. Collectively, our results provided a basis for further studies of the molecular mechanism of metamorphosis in M. separata.

scholarly journals Medicinal Plants and Mushrooms with Immunomodulatory and Anticancer Properties—A Review on Hong Kong’s Experience

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 2173
Author(s):  
Grace Gar-Lee Yue ◽  
Clara Bik-San Lau ◽  
Ping-Chung Leung
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Medicinal Mushroom ◽  
Immunomodulatory Effects ◽  
Anticancer Properties ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Insight Into

The immune modulating effects of selected herbs deserve careful studies to gain evidence-based support for their further development. We have been working hard on many items of medicinal herbs to gain insight into their immunomodulatory effects relevant to cancer treatment in particular, while infection control is not excluded. Nine of them have been selected to give the results of our exploration on their biological, particularly immunomodulatory activities. Since Hong Kong people especially favor one medicinal mushroom, viz. Coriolus versicolor, a number of clinical trials using Coriolus for cancer-related studies are included in this review. While immune modulation platforms are being built for relevant studies, a brief account on the research targets and related procedures are given.

scholarly journals Comparison of free and bound phenolic compositions and antioxidant activities of leaves from different mulberry varieties

BMC Chemistry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenjiang Wang ◽  
Cuiming Tang ◽  
Gengsheng Xiao ◽  
Fanwei Dai ◽  
Sen Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Syringic Acid ◽  
Mulberry Leaves ◽  
Phenolic Substances ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Phenolic Extracts

AbstractMulberry leaves are used in traditional Chinese medicine and contain numerous active substances that are known to be beneficial for human health. The aim of this study was to investigate the phenolic compositions and antioxidant activities of the leaves from 23 mulberry cultivars. Qualitative LC-ESI-QTOF analysis revealed the presence of 11 phenolic compounds in the free phenolic extracts and 10 phenolic compounds in the bound fractions. Chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid were the major components in the free and bound fractions, respectively. The results revealed that the changguosang cultivar from Taiwan contained the greatest content of phenolic compounds as well as the highest antioxidant activity among the 23 cultivars examined, as determined using three separate antioxidant assays. The isoquercitrin, chlorogenic acid, and rutin contents of the free phenolic extracts displayed significant correlations with the antioxidant activities, while syringic acid and rutin were the main contributors to the antioxidant activities of the bound phenolic fractions. The obtained results demonstrate that mulberry leaves contain a variety of beneficial phenolic substances and may be suitable for further development as a herbal medicine.

Crowdsourcing the Evaluation of Design Concepts With Empathic Priming

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle A. Pang ◽  
Carolyn C. Seepersad
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scales ◽  
Pairwise Comparison ◽  
Comparison Method ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Similar Evaluation ◽  
Insight Into

The evaluation of design concepts is a time consuming and resource intensive process. Crowdsourcing evaluations has been examined in previous work as a means to reduce the need for expert raters, while achieving similar evaluation results. This paper examines the impact of empathically priming novice raters on their evaluation of alternative design concepts. The rating system is based on a pairwise comparison method that requires minimal training of novice raters. In a pilot study the pairwise method for crowdsourcing evaluations is compared with crowdsourced evaluations using non-pairwise rating scales and with the evaluations of expert raters. The primary study incorporates written and empathic priming strategies to determine their impact on novice raters’ evaluation of concepts. Raters are asked to consider several criteria, including novelty, feasibility, clarity (of the concept), usefulness, ease of use, and overall worthiness of further development. Results offer insight into the criteria that are most relevant to novice raters and whether empathic priming has a significant effect on those evaluations.

Nanomaterials for the delivery of Herbal Bioactive Compounds

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shadma Wahab ◽  
Md. Parwez Ahmad ◽  
Arshad Hussain ◽  
Shaik Fayazuddin Abdul Qadir
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Targeted Drug Delivery ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Herbal Extracts ◽  
Significant Component ◽  
Pharmaceutical Application ◽  
Low Solubility ◽  
Insight Into

: Nanotechnology is a multidisciplinary domain that involves overlapping of areas such as nonanomaterials, nanoelectronics, and nanobiotechnology. Herbal medicine is a significant component of traditional medicine and has been a treatment part of many diseases. Asian peoples are using these herbal medicines for decades. Still, herbal extracts' therapeutic efficacy and pharmaceutical application are associated with many factors such as poor bioavailability, low solubility, permeability, and lack of targeting potential. In the present work, we have reviewed thriving strategies for the targeted drug delivery of phytoconstituents and critically explain the most recent progressions on emerging novel nanophytomedicine-based materials as herbal medicines carriers. Nanotechnology-based clinical trial studies targeting herbal bioactive compounds were discussed. Advancements in nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems intended to enhance cellular uptake, improved pharmacokinetics and effectiveness of herbal drugs have facilitated the powerful targeting of specific agents against diseases. This review provides insight into current progress and future opportunities for nanomedicines as potential curative targets for the delivery of herbal bioactive compounds. This information could be used as platforms for the future expansion of multi-functional nano constructs for the advanced detection of diseases and functional drug delivery of phytoconstituents.

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