scholarly journals The significance of the FTO gene on weight gain and body composition in young Swedish women with severe anorexia nervosa: a three-year follow-up study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Svedlund(New Corresponding Author) ◽  
Bojan Tubic ◽  
Anders Elfvin(Former Corresponding Author) ◽  
Per Magnusson ◽  
Diana Swolin-Eide
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Nutrition Therapy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Muscle Area

Abstract Background: The aim of this prospective study was to investigate the potential influence of the fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO), SNP rs9939609, on body mass index (BMI) and body composition in women with severe anorexia nervosa during intensive nutrition therapy and after three years. Methods: Twenty-five female anorexia nervosa patients (age 20.1±2.3 years, BMI 15.5±1.0 kg/m2) were treated for 12 weeks with a high-energy diet. FTO was genotyped and body composition parameters were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and peripheral quantitative computed tomography at baseline, after 12 weeks and at three-year follow-up. Results: Patients gained, on average, 9.9 kg and BMI increased to 19.0±0.9 kg/m2 during intensive nutrition therapy. Fat mass increased, p<0.001, but total lean mass was stable. After three years, BMI remained stable, 19.4±3.3 kg/m2, as well as fat mass parameters and total lean mass. Muscle density decreased while the quotient fat/muscle area increased during nutrition therapy, but both then stabilized and remained stable after three years. There were no associations between FTO genotype and BMI or body composition parameters during the nutrition therapy or after three years. A tendency towards more stable BMI was observed in patients with the TT genotype and wider range in BMI for patients with the risk allele A after three years. Conclusions: Irrespective of the FTO genotype, there was no difference in weight response during nutrition therapy, or at three-year follow-up. Hence, there is limited support for individualized therapy for anorexia nervosa based on FTO genotype. Trial registration: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN76310580. Date of registration: 15/01/2020. Retrospectively registered.

scholarly journals Longitudinal changes in body composition and waist circumference by self-reported levels of physical activity in leisure among adolescents: the Tromsø study, Fit Futures

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils Abel Aars ◽  
Bjarne K. Jacobsen ◽  
Bente Morseth ◽  
Nina Emaus ◽  
Sameline Grimsgaard
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
First Year ◽  
Fat Mass Index

Abstract Background It is not clear how physical activity affects body composition in adolescents. Physical activity levels are often reduced during this period, and the relative proportion of body fat mass and lean mass undergo natural changes in growing adolescents. We aimed to examine whether self-reported physical activity in leisure time at baseline or change in activity during follow-up affect changes in four measures of body composition; body mass index (kg/m2), waist circumference, fat mass index (fat mass in kg/m2) and lean mass index (lean mass in kg/m2). Methods We used data from the Tromsø Study Fit Futures, which invited all first year students in upper secondary high school in two municipalities in northern Norway in 2010–2011. They were reexamined in 2012–2013. Longitudinal data was available for 292 boys and 354 girls. We used multiple linear regression analyses to assess whether self-reported level of physical activity in leisure time at baseline predicted changes in body composition, and analysis of covariance to assess the effects of change in level of activity during follow-up on change in body composition. All analyses were performed sex-specific, and a p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results There were no associations between self-reported leisure time physical activity in the first year of upper secondary high school and changes in any of the considered measure of body composition after 2 years of follow up, with the exception of waist circumference in boys (p = 0.05). In boys, change in fat mass index differed significantly between groups of activity change (p < 0.01), with boys adopting activity or remaining physically active having less increase in fat mass index than the consistently inactive. In girls, change in lean mass index differed significantly between groups of activity change (p = 0.04), with girls adopting physical activity having the highest increase. Conclusions Self-reported leisure time physical activity does not predict changes in body composition in adolescents after 2 years of follow up. Change in the level of physical activity is associated with change in fat mass index in boys and lean mass index in girls.

Treatment of acromegaly has substantial effects on body composition. A long-term follow-up study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Wolf ◽  
Sylvie Salenave ◽  
Emmanuel Durand ◽  
Jacques Young ◽  
Peter Kamenicky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Individual Therapy ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Igf I ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

  Background: Acromegaly is associated with changes in body composition. Long-term changes following acromegaly treatment and the impact of different treatments have been less investigated. Methods: We performed a retrospective study in 201 patients with acromegaly. Body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). To investigate specific effects of treatment vs ageing, changes in body composition were compared in a group of patients evaluated both at the time of active and controlled disease (A>C; n=31) and in another group of patients evaluated two times while the disease was controlled (C>C; n=32). Results: In the whole cohort, IGF-I correlated with fat (r=-0.369;p<0.001) and lean mass (r=0.383;p<0.001). Patients from A>C and C>C groups were comparable for age, sex, BMI and follow-up duration (p=n.s.). Reduction in IGF-I levels was associated with an increase in fat mass and a decrease in lean mass in the A>C group, which was four and eight times more pronounced compared to the C>C group (fat mass: +39±34 vs +10±15%, p<0.001; lean mass: -8±8 vs -0.2±6%, p<0.001, respectively). Changes in fat mass were negatively associated with IGF-I (r=-0.450; p=0.011) and independent of the individual therapy. The daily dose of pegvisomant correlated with fat mass (r=0.421;p=0.002) and insulin sensitivity index (r=-0.466;p<0.001). Conclusions: Treatment of acromegaly strongly impacts body composition until biochemical disease remission, characterized by an increase in fat mass and a decrease in lean mass. These changes are closely associated with the normalization of IGF-I. Thereafter, body composition changes are similar to what is observed with ageing.

scholarly journals Stunted children gain less lean body mass and more fat mass than their non-stunted counterparts: a prospective study

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 819-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Martins ◽  
D. J. Hoffman ◽  
M. T. B. Fernandes ◽  
C. R. Nascimento ◽  
S. B. Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Normal Stature ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
A Prospective Study

The aim of the present study was to analyse the changes in body composition of stunted children during a follow-up period and to test the hypothesis of a tendency to accumulate body fat as a consequence of undernutrition early in life. We selected fifty boys and girls aged 11 to 15, who were residents of slums in São Paulo, Brazil. Twenty were stunted (S) and thirty had normal stature (NS). The children's nutritional status and body composition were assessed through anthropometry and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, at the beginning of the present study and after 3 years, and changes in lean mass (LM and LM%) and fat mass (FM and FM%) were calculated. Stunted boys accumulated more body fat (FM%: S=1·62%, NS=−3·40%;P=0·003) and gained less lean mass (LM%: S=−1·46, NS=3·21%;P=0·004). Stunted girls gained less lean mass (S=7·87 kg, NS=11·96 kg;P=0·032) and had significantly higher values of FM% at follow-up when compared with their baseline values (P=0·008), whereas non-stunted girls had a non-significant difference in FM% over time (P=0·386). These findings are important to understand the factors involved in the increased prevalence of overweight and obesity among poor populations, which appear to be associated with hunger during infancy and/or childhood.

scholarly journals Body Composition by CT vs. DXA: Long-Term Prediction of Mortality in the Health Health ABC Cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 239-239
Author(s):  
Samaneh Farsijani ◽  
Lingshu Xue ◽  
Robert Boudreau ◽  
Adam Santanasto ◽  
Stephen Kritchevsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Thigh Muscle ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Muscle Density ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

Abstract Background: Early work in the Health ABC cohort found that strength, but not muscle size predicted mortality. Recent literature suggests that body composition by computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) predicts adverse health outcomes in diverse populations, but has not been directly compared to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for predicting mortality. Objective: With long term follow-up, we reexamined body composition and mortality in Health ABC, comparing DXA and CT measures of muscle and fat. Methods: The Health ABC study assessed body composition in 2911 older adults (age 73.6±2.9 years) in 1996-97. Mid-thigh CTs were read for muscle area, inter-muscular, subcutaneous-fat areas and muscle density (HU). DXAs were read for whole body fat mass and appendicular lean mass (ALM). Mortality was assessed every 6-months through 2014 (maximum 17.4 years). Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for age, sex, race, height, weight, physical activity, smoking and comorbidities were used to assess mortality risk. Results: Strong correlations were observed between mid-thigh muscle and subcutaneous fat areas by CT and leg lean and fat mass by DXA (P&lt;0.05). Lower mortality rates, per SD, were associated with higher CT muscle area (HR-men=0.76 [95%CI: 0.68-0.86]; HR-women=0.84 [0.75-0.94]), muscle density (HR-men=0.86 [0.79-0.93]; HR-women=0.89 [0.81-0.97]) and higher subcutaneous-fat (HR-men=0.90 [0.81-0.99]; HR-women=0.87 [0.77-0.98]), adjusting for covariates. Similarly for DXA, greater ALM (HR-men=0.56 [0.44-0.71]; HR-women=0.77 [0.59-1.01]) and higher total fat mass (HR-men=0.53 [0.40-0.72]; HR-women=0.58 [0.37-0.90]) were associated with lower risk of death. Conclusion: With long term follow-up, both CT and DXA assessments of body composition predicted all-cause mortality risk.

scholarly journals Body composition in childhood: effects of normal growth and disease

2003 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 521-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. K. Wells
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Adult Disease ◽  
Increased Risk

Body composition in children is of increasing interest within the contexts of childhood obesity, clinical management of patients and nutritional programming as a pathway to adult disease. Energy imbalance appears to be common in many disease states; however, body composition is not routinely measured in patients. Traditionally, clinical interest has focused on growth or nutritional status, whereas more recent studies have quantified fat mass and lean mass. The human body changes in proportions and chemical composition during childhood and adolescence. Most of the weight gain comprises lean mass rather than fat. In general, interest has focused on percentage fat, and less attention has been paid to the way in which lean mass varies within and between individuals. In the general population secular trends in BMI have been widely reported, indicating increasing levels of childhood obesity, which have been linked to reduced physical activity. However, lower activity levels may potentially lead not only to increased fatness, but also to reduced lean mass. This issue merits further investigation. Diseases have multiple effects on body composition and may influence fat-free mass and/or fat mass. In some diseases both components change in the same direction, whereas in other diseases, the changes are contradictory and may be concealed by relatively normal weight. Improved techniques are required for clinical evaluations. Both higher fatness and reduced lean mass may represent pathways to an increased risk of adult disease.

Abstract 17105: Is There a Difference in Lean and Fat Mass in HF Patients Based on NYHA Classifications (I-II versus III-IV)?

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 138 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Haedtke ◽  
Debra K Moser ◽  
Susan J Pressler ◽  
Terry Lennie
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Nyha Class ◽  
Class I ◽  
Unexpected Finding ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Medication Regimen ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nyha Classification

Introduction: As NYHA Class increases from I (ordinary physical activity does not cause undue fatigue), to Class IV (Symptoms are present while at rest) physical limitations become severe. It has previously been shown that HF patients have increased fat within the muscle thus decreasing exercise performance and tolerance. It is unclear if all NYHA classes are similarly affected. Hypothesis: HF patients with NYHA class III-IV will have more fat and less lean mass than those with NYHA class I-II. Methods: Secondary data analysis using cross sectional data from N=253. The parent study was a multicenter study about nutrition and body composition among patients with HF (preserved or reduced, and NYHA classification I-IV) who had been on a stable medication regimen, able to participate in dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan and/or BodPod body composition measures, able to read and speak English, and had no cognitive impairment. Women and men were analyzed separately due to known differences in fat and lean mass. Results: Table 1: Sample characteristic’s Testing the hypothesis using 2-way ANOVA and comparing the percentage of body weight that is lean and fat mass in NYHA class I-II vs III-IV found the interaction of gender and NYHA was not significant in either % lean or %fat (p=0.221, 0.190 respectively). NYHA class by itself was not significant (p=0.067) in %lean but was significant in %fat (p=0.046). Gender was significant in both %lean and %fat with men having 9.6% less fat (1.139 SE) and 9.8% more lean mass (1.066 SE) (p≤0.001). NYHA class III-IV had 2.3% (1.139 SE) more fat than those in NYHA class I-II. The R squared was 0.265 and adjusted R squared was 0.256. Conclusions: Part of our hypothesis was correct in that NYHA class III-IV had more fat mass than those in class I-II, but no difference was found in lean. This is an unexpected finding as healthy people gain fat mass while losing lean mass as they age. Additional studies are needed to further examine this result.

scholarly journals Body weight at 10 years of age and change in body composition between 8 and 10 years of age were related to survival in a longitudinal study of 39 Labrador retriever dogs

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Christina Penell ◽  
David Mark Morgan ◽  
Penny Watson ◽  
Stuart Carmichael ◽  
Vicki Jean Adams
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Coat Colour ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Cohort Study Design ◽  
Changes Over Time

Abstract Background Overweight and obesity have been adversely associated with longevity in dogs but there is scarce knowledge on the relation between body composition and lifespan. We aimed to investigate the effects of body composition, and within-dog changes over time, on survival in adult Labradors using a prospective cohort study design. The dogs had a median age of 6.5 years at study start and were kept in similar housing and management conditions throughout. The effects of the various predictors, including the effect of individual monthly-recorded change in body weight as a time varying covariate, were evaluated using survival analysis. Results All dogs were followed to end-of-life; median age at end-of-life was 14.0 years. Body composition was measured annually with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometer (DEXA) scans between 6.2 and 17.0  years. All 39 dogs had DEXA recorded at 8, 9 and 10 years of age. During the study the mean (± SD) percent of fat (PF) and lean mass (PL) was 32.8 (± 5.6) and 64.2 (± 5.5) %, respectively, with a mean lean:fat ratio (LFR) of 2.1 (± 0.6); body weight (BW) varied from 17.5 to 44.0 kg with a mean BW change of 9.9 kg (± 3.0). There was increased hazard of dying for every kg increase in BW at 10 years of age; for each additional kg of BW at 10 years, dogs had a 19% higher hazard (HR = 1.19, P = 0.004). For the change in both lean mass (LM) and LFR variables, it was protective to have a higher lean and/or lower fat mass (FM) at 10 years of age compared to 8 years of age, although the HR for change in LM was very close to 1.0. For age at study start, older dogs had an increased hazard. There was no observed effect for the potential confounders sex, coat colour and height at shoulders, or of the time-varying covariate. Conclusions These results suggest that even rather late-life control efforts on body weight and the relationship between lean and fat mass may influence survival in dogs. Such “windows of opportunity” can be used to develop healthcare strategies that would help promote an increased healthspan in dogs.

scholarly journals Serum levels of 25 (OH) vitamin D in adults with obesity sarcopenia

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Nikolova ◽  
Alexander Penkov
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Appendicular Lean Mass ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
25 Oh Vitamin D

AbstractIntroduction:Obesity has been linked with vitamin D deficiency in a number of cross-sectional studies, reviews and meta-analyses. To assess the correlations of plasma 25(OH) vitamin D levels with indices of body composition examined by DXA with an emphasis on lean and bone mass as well as on indices such as android/gynoid fat, appendicular lean mass (ALM) and appendicular lean mass index (ALMI), fat-mass indexes (FMI), fat-free mass indexes (FFMI) and the ALM-to-BMI index.Materials and Methods:62 adult subjects consented to participate – 27 men (43.5 %) and 35 women (56.5 %). Their mean age was 45.3 ± 9.5 years. Fan-beam dual-energy X-ray (DXA) body composition analysis was performed on a Lunar Prodigy Pro bone densitometer with software version 12.30. Vitamin D was measured by electro-hemi-luminescent detection as 25(OH)D Total (ECLIA, Elecsys 2010 analyzer, Roche Diagnostics). Statistical analyses were done using the SPSS 23.0 statistical package.Results:The serum 25(OH)D level was correlated significantly only to the whole body bone mineral content, the appendicular lean mass index (ALMI) and the ALM-to-BMI index, underlining a predominant role for lean and fat-free mass. Vitamin D showed a very weak correlation to % Body Fat and the Fat Mass Index (FMI) in men only. Moreover, the multiple regression equation including the associated parameters could explain only 7 % of the variation in the serum 25(OH)D levels.Discussion:Our conclusion was, that there are differences in the associations of the vitamin D levels with the different body composition indices, but these associations are generally very weak and therefore – negligible.

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