scholarly journals Valorisation of Fish Bones: Effects of Preservation by Formic Acid on AL-extractable calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, and Potassium

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Kristin Løes ◽  
Johan Petter Ahlin ◽  
Ishita Ahuja ◽  
Tore Krogstad ◽  
Ståle Smevoll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Laboratory Study ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Bone Material ◽  
Fish Bones ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Extractable Nutrients

Abstract Fishbones contain significant amounts of plant nutrients. Fish residues may be preserved by acidification to pH < 4, which may affect the extractability and plant availability of nutrients when applied as fertilisers. Grinded bone material from cod ( Gadus morhua ) heads was mixed with formic acid to investigate if acidification would increase the concentrations of ammonium acetate-lactate (AL)-extractable nutrients. Two degrees of fineness of fishbones (coarse 2-4 mm; fine < 0.71 mm) were compared at pH 3.0 and 4.0 plus a water control in a laboratory study over 55 days. Samples for extraction of AL-soluble P, Ca, Mg and K were taken on day 2, 15, 34 and 55. Whereas acidification clearly increased the concentrations of AL-extractable calcium (Ca-AL) and magnesium (Mg-AL), extractable phosphorus (P-AL) was only significantly increased in finely grinded bones at pH 3. After 34 days, 6% of the total content of P was extracted by AL in fine fishbones at pH 3. Without acidification about 1% of the P was extracted, possibly from phospholipids. This P-AL concentration was well above P-AL extracted from acidified coarse fishbones and from fine fishbones acidified to pH 4. With acidification, about 30% of total Ca and 10% of total Mg were extracted by AL, and the Ca-AL and Mg-AL concentrations were closely correlated. The reason for lower P-AL in coarse fishbones at pH 3 and 4, and fine fishbones at pH 4 than in water controls may be a precipitation of apatite from phospholipids and dissolved calcium.

LC–MS/MS Determination of Apigenin in Rat Plasma and Application to Pharmacokinetic Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shixing Zhu ◽  
Jiayuan Zhang ◽  
Zhihua Lv ◽  
Mingming Yu
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Study ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Rat Plasma ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Supply Rate ◽  
Natural Plant ◽  
Ammonium Acetate Buffer

Background: Apigenin, a natural plant flavone, has been shown to possess a variety of biological properties. Objective: In this report, a highly selective and sensitive LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the determination of apigenin in rat plasma. Methods: Analysts were separated on the HSS T3 column (1.8 μm 2.1×100 mm) using acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid in 2 mM ammonium acetate buffer at a supply rate of 0.200 mL/min as eluent in gradient model. Results: Plasma samples were treated by protein precipitation using acetonitrile for the recovery ranging from 86.5% to 90.1% for apigenin. The calibration curves followed linearity in the concentration range of 0.50-500 ng/mL. The inter-day and intra-day precisions at different QC levels within 13.1% and the accuracies ranged from -10.6% to 8.6%. Conclusion: The assay has been successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of apigenin in rats.

scholarly journals Effects of the Carbon Support Doping with Nitrogen for the Hydrogen Production from Formic Acid over Ni Catalysts

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 4111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina D. Nishchakova ◽  
Dmitri A. Bulushev ◽  
Olga A. Stonkus ◽  
Igor P. Asanov ◽  
Arcady V. Ishchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Carbon Support ◽  
Nickel Catalysts ◽  
Synthesis Temperature ◽  
Free Carbon ◽  
Nitrogen Doped ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Pyridinic Nitrogen

Porous nitrogen-doped and nitrogen-free carbon materials possessing high specific surface areas (400–1000 m2 g−1) were used for deposition of Ni by impregnation with nickel acetate followed by reduction. The nitrogen-doped materials synthesized by decomposition of acetonitrile at 973, 1073, and 1173 K did not differ much in the total content of incorporated nitrogen (4–5 at%), but differed in the ratio of the chemical forms of nitrogen. An X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study showed that the rise in the synthesis temperature led to a strong growth of the content of graphitic nitrogen on the support accompanied by a reduction of the content of pyrrolic nitrogen. The content of pyridinic nitrogen did not change significantly. The prepared nickel catalysts supported on nitrogen-doped carbons showed by a factor of up to two higher conversion of formic acid as compared to that of the nickel catalyst supported on the nitrogen-free carbon. This was related to stabilization of Ni in the state of single Ni2+ cations or a few atoms clusters by the pyridinic nitrogen sites. The nitrogen-doped nickel catalysts possessed a high stability in the reaction at least within 5 h and a high selectivity to hydrogen (97%).

Live Length and Weight of Cod (Gadus Morhua) Estimated from Various Skeletal Elements

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso Rojo
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Valuable Source ◽  
Fish Bones ◽  
Faunal Studies ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Important Objective

Fish bones, often reduced to fragments, are found during the excavations of prehistoric campsites. These bones can be of interest to the archaeologist as a valuable source of information on the diet of past human populations. One important objective of archaeological faunal studies is, then, to calculate accurately the size of the animals consumed by past human populations, to estimate the nutritional value of these animals in the human diet.

scholarly journals Desain Pangan Instan Gizi Khusus Lansia Berbasis Binte Biluhuta Diperkaya Nanomineral Tulang Ikan

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-77
Author(s):  
Bambang Riyanto ◽  
Wini Trilaksani ◽  
Vegatarani Aulia Azzahra
Keyword(s):  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Fish Bone ◽  
Main Ingredient ◽  
Fish Bones ◽  
Microwave Cooking ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Instant Foods

Various instant foods for the elderly began to be developed. Binte biluhuta is an indigenous nusantara soup from Gorontalo with the main ingredient are corn and skipjack. The unique characteristic of soup is potential became special food that can be served for elderly, how ever the calcium content that is very low and the presence of oxalic acid still being abstacle. Fish bone was a natural source of calcium. The research objectives were to design special nutrient instant food for elderly based on binte biluhuta indigenous food from Gorontalo enriched with fish bone nanomineral. The research included calcination of fish bones at a temperature of 600 ?C for 6 hours and reduced the size with nanomilling became nanomineral. Binte biluhuta cream soup was designed according to the Recommended daily intake (RDI) of the elderly. Characteristics quality was determined in order to develop microwave cooking. Particle size of nanomineral catfish bone was 70-100 nm, white color and contained 852000 ± 15.08 mg/Kg calcium, phosphorus 146300 ± 43.89 mg/Kg and magnesium 4410 ± 0.44 mg/Kg. Binte biluhuta instant cream soup with rasio of corn and fish 15: 1 served using microwave cooking and fortified 0.84 g nanomineral fish bone from 30 g binte biluhuta instant cream soup, contained 57470.39 ± 57.87 mg/Kg amino acids and 1.08 ± 0.06 mg/Kg oxalic acid. Binte biluhuta instant cream soup as much 30 g can fulfilled the needs of elderly calcium 51.47% and energy 88.65 Kcal.

Measurement of citrate in urine using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry: comparison with an enzymatic method

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 357-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
BG Keevil ◽  
L Owen ◽  
S Thornton ◽  
J Kavanagh
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Enzymatic Assay ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Urinary Citrate

Background: Measurement of urine citrate is used to assess the risk of further urinary stone formation and to assess the benefit of treatment in affected individuals. We wanted to develop a simple and rapid liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the analysis of urinary citrate and to compare it with our current enzymatic assay. Methods: For the LC-MS/MS assay, samples were prepared in a deep-well block by adding 10 µL of urine and 20 µL of internal standard to 400 µL of water. After mixing, 3 µL of the diluted sample was injected into the LC-MS/MS system. An LC system was used to isocratically elute a C18 column (50 x 2.1 mm) with 0.4 mL/min water containing 2 mmol/L ammonium acetate and 0.1% (v/v) formic acid. A step gradient of 100% methanol containing 2 mmol/L ammonium acetate and 0.1% (v/v) formic acid was used to wash the column. The retention times were 1.4 min for citrate and 1.4 min for d4-citrate. Cycle time was 4.0 min, injection to injection. The analytes were monitored using a tandem mass spectrometer operated in multiple reaction monitoring mode using the following transitions, citrate m/ z 191.0> 111.0 and d4-citrate m/ z 195.0> 113.0. Results: Within and between-batch coefficients of variation were <3% over the range 480-3800 µmol/L. The lower limit of quantification was 24.0 µmol/L. Regression analysis showed LC-MS/MS = 0.8781 (enzymatic assay) + 102.5, r = 0.964, n = 73. Conclusions: We have developed a simple LC-MS/MS method for urinary citrate measurement that shows acceptable performance.

scholarly journals The extraction of antioxidative compounds from rusks enriched with millet flour (Panicum miliaceum L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 723-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dajana Poleksic ◽  
Milica Pavlicevic ◽  
Jelena Rakovic-Simic ◽  
Vladislav Rac ◽  
Biljana Vucelic-Radovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Total Content ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Antioxidative Capacity ◽  
Panicum Miliaceum

Two different ways of extracting antioxidative compounds (including soluble polyphenols) from rusks made from wheat flour with added millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) were compared, i.e., solvent extraction and in vitro digestion. Wheat flour was replaced by millet flour in amounts of 10, 20 or 30 wt. % (per dry mass). Solvent extraction was realized using a mixture of ethanol and water in different percentages, with or without the addition of formic acid. The total content of phenolic compounds (TPC) was determined using Folin? ?Ciocalteu reagent, while the antioxidative capacity was measured by the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay. The efficiency of solvent extraction was enhanced by the addition of formic acid. The addition of millet flour in amounts up to 20 % enhanced the antioxidative properties. It was shown that in vitro digestion was more efficient in the extraction of antioxidative compounds, in comparison with solvent extraction.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF Cu(II) CONCENTRATION IN AQUEOUS MEDIUM USING INVERSION ELECTROCHEMICAL METHOD

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (9) ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
Vera Vorobets ◽  
Gennadii Kolbasov ◽  
Sergii Fomanyuk ◽  
Nataliia Smirnova ◽  
Oksana Linnik
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Stripping Voltammetry ◽  
Acetate Buffer ◽  
Background Solution ◽  
Ammonium Acetate Buffer ◽  
Photoelectrochemical Method ◽  
Determination Of Copper

Electrode materials based on titanium dioxide modified with zinc ions and gold nanoparticles, synthesized by sol-gel method, were used to determine the concentration of Cu (II) in liquids by stripping voltammetry method. Determination of Cu (II) was done using background solutions based on 0.4 M formic acid and ammonium acetate buffer (pH = 7.5) using the standard addition method with a potential scanning speed of 50 mV•s-1. The solution was stirred during the preliminary electrolysis at a potential of -1400 mV (vs silver-chloride reference electrode) for 120 seconds and then the potential was scanned from -1200 mV to + 200 mV. It is shown that the background solution based on ammonium acetate buffer provides a higher sensitivity and a good selectivity of peaks for the determination of copper compared to the background solution based on formic acid. Determined that value of the analytical signal of copper in the studied model solutions based on ammonium acetate and formic acid is proportional to the concentration of copper ions in the solution. To increase the selectivity of stripping voltammetry method in determining copper concentrations in solutions, an inversion spectral photoelectrochemical method was proposed, the essence of which is preliminary electroconcentration of the elements under investigation in the cathode potential region and subsequent measurement of the spectral photoelectrochemical characteristics of electroconcentration products. It has been found that in solutions of 1M ammonium acetate containing Cu2+ ions, the cathodic polarization of TiO2-based photoelectrode leads to the appearance of a cathode photocurrent and the values of photocurrent quantum yield increase with increasing content of copper ions in the solution. The spectral sensitivity of the surface layer corresponds to the absorption spectrum of Cu2O. The sensitivity of stripping voltammetry method to copper Cu (II) using the materials studied was 0.3 mg•l-1. It is shown that the inversion photoelectrochemical method is promising in the selective determination of copper concentration in liquids.

scholarly journals CHARACTERISTICS OF FISH BONE FLOURS QUALITY FROM DIFFERENT TYPES OF FISH (Pangasius sp., Clarias sp., Paraplotosus sp.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Rara Mona Angraini ◽  
Desmelati Desmelati ◽  
Sumarto Sumarto
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Fish Bone ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Fish Bones ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

This study aimed to utilize the fish bone waste from different types of fish, Pangasius sp., Clarias sp., Paraplotosus sp. as a high calcium of bone flour and determine the quality characteristics of fish bone flour which was produced. The method used was a non-factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD), with different types of fish bones as treatments which consisting of 3 levels: Pangasius sp. bone (Tp), Clarias sp. bone (Tl), and Paraplotosus sp. bone (Ts) with 3 replications and 9 units of experimental units. The parameters tested were organoleptic, proximate analysis, calcium, phosphorus and whiteness degrees. The results showed that the Pangasius sp. bone flour (Tp) was the best treatment with characteristics of brilliant appearance, the distinctive aroma of fish was still felt, smooth and dry texture, as well as whiteness degrees that the best treatment in walking catfish bone flour with value 81.30%, referred to whiteness degrees of flour, it is below the range of 80-90%. Meanwhile the best proximate value was obtained in Paraplotosus sp. bone treatment (Ts) with moisture, ash, fat, protein, carbohydrate, calcium and phosphorus content was 5.71%, 54.60%, 2.57%, 25.21%, 10.83%, 38.4%, and 33.9%.

Development and validation of LC-MS/MS methods to measure tobramycin and lincomycin in plasma, microdialysis fluid and urine: application to a pilot pharmacokinetic research study

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-284
Author(s):  
Saurabh Pandey ◽  
Jayesh Dhanani ◽  
Jeffrey Lipman ◽  
Jason A. Roberts ◽  
Steve C. Wallis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Mobile Phase ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Matrix Effects ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Gradient Elution ◽  
Acceptance Criteria ◽  
Sheep Model ◽  
Gradient Separation

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of our work was to develop and validate a hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-ESI-MS/MS) methods for the quantification of tobramycin (TMC) and lincomycin (LMC)in plasma, microdialysis fluid and urine.MethodsProtein precipitation was used to extract TMC and LMC from plasma, while microdialysis fluid and urine sample were diluted prior to instrumental analysis. Mobile phase A consisted of 2 mM ammonium acetate in 10% acetonitrile with 0.2% formic acid (v/v) and mobile phase B consisted of 2 mM ammonium acetate in 90% acetonitrile with 0.2% formic acid (v/v). Gradient separation (80%–10% of mobile phase B) for TMC was done using a SeQuant zic-HILIC analytical guard column. While separation of LMC was performed using gradient elution (100%–40% of mobile phase B) on a SeQuant zic-HILIC analytical column equipped with a SeQuant zic-HILIC guard column. Vancomycin (VCM) was used as an internal standard. A quadratic calibration was obtained over the concentration range for plasma of 0.1–20 mg/L for TMC and 0.05–20 mg/L for LMC, for microdialysis fluid of 0.1–20 mg/L for both TMC and LMC, and 1–100 mg/L for urine for both TMC and LMC.ResultsFor TMS and LMC, validation testing for matrix effects, precision and accuracy, specificity and stability were all within acceptance criteria of ±15%.ConclusionsThe methods described here meet validation acceptance criteria and were suitable for application in a pilot pharmacokinetic research study performed in a sheep model.

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