scholarly journals Experimental and Theoretical Study For Removal of Trimethoprim (TMP) From Wastewater Using Organically Modified Silica With Pyrazole-3-Carbaldehyde Bridged To Copper Ions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shehdeh Jodeh ◽  
Ahlam Jaber ◽  
Ghadir Hanbali ◽  
Younes Massad ◽  
Zaki S. Safi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Veterinary Antibiotics ◽  
Active Centers ◽  
Reactivity Descriptors ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
Local Reactivity

Abstract BackgroundHuman and veterinary antibiotics are typically discharged as parent chemicals in urine or feces and are known to be released into the environment via wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Several research investigations have recently been conducted on the removal and bioremediation of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) disposed in wastewater. ResultsSiNP-Cu, a chelating matrix, was produced by delaying and slowing 1.5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbaldehyde on silica gel from functionalized with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane. The prepared sorbent material was characterized using several techniques including BET surface area, FT-IR spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm. The pseudo-second-order model provided the best correlation due to the big match between the experimental and theoretical of different adsorption coefficients. The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models were used and the study showed better match with Fruendlich model. The removal capacity was depending on pH and increased by increasing pH The adsorbent demonstrated a high percentage removal of TMP, reaching more than 94 %. The sample was simply regenerated by soaking it for a few minutes in 1N HCl and drying it. The sorbent was repeated five times with no discernible decrease in removal capacity. Thermodynamic study also showed endothermic, increasing randomness and not spontaneous in nature. The findings of the DFT B3LYP/6-31+g (d,p) local reactivity descriptors revealed that nitrogen atoms and p-electrons of the benzene and pyrimidine rings in the TMP are responsible for the adsorption process with the SiNP surface. The negative values of the adsorption energies obtained by molecular dynamic simulation indicated the spontaneity of the adsorption process. ConclusionThe global reactivity indics prove that TMP is stable and it can be removed from wastewater using SiNP surface. The results of the local reactivity indices concluded that the active centers for the adsorption process are the nitrogen atoms and the p-electrons of the pyrimidine and benzene rings. Furthermore, the positive value of the maximum charge transfer number (DN) proves that TMP has a great tendency to donate electrons to SiNP surface during the process of adsorption.

The Adsorption of Cadmium Ions on Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Particles

2018 ◽  
Vol 766 ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujitra Onutai ◽  
Takaomi Kobayashi ◽  
Parjaree Thavorniti ◽  
Sirithan Jiemsirilers
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Coal Fly Ash ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Cadmium Ions ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
Waste Coal

Geopolymer particles from waste coal fly ash were prepared in order to investigate adsorption process of Cadmium ions. The aim of the study is to focus on factors which affect adsorption process of heavy metals on geopolymer materials. The raw fly ash was mixed with sodium hydroxide solution and sodium silicate solution. After that geopolymer was cured at 80 °C for 24 hr. The sample was ground and washed until pH=7. The obtained geopolymer particles were dried at 60 oC. The raw materials and geopolymer were characterized. The XRD results showed a highly amorphous structure in obtained geopolymer. The major components of waste coal fly ash and synthesized geopolymer were SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3 and CaO. The BET surface area of fly ash and geopolymer particles were 0.83 m2/g and 85.01 m2/g, respectively. The adsorption conditions (initial concentration from 10-120 mg/L, temperature at 25-45 °C, pH of cadmium ions solution from 1-5, 0.02-0.14 g. of geopolymer and contact time for 5-180 min) were studied. From removal efficiency results, synthesized geopolymer had high removal capacity for cadmium ions (Cd2+). At pH 5 of solution, the highest Cd2+ removal capacity was obtained. In addition, the removal efficiency increases with an increasing geopolymer dosage, contact time and a decreasing of Cd2+ initial concentration. Moreover, both Langmuir and Freundlich models were investigated for studying adsorption isotherm. The result showed Langmuir model is more suitable for geopolymer adsorption of cadmium ion in aqueous solution than Freundlich model.

scholarly journals Preparation, Characterization, and Evaluation of Macrocrystalline and Nanocrystalline Cellulose as Potential Corrosion Inhibitors for SS316 Alloy during Acid Pickling Process: Experimental and Computational Methods

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 2275
Author(s):  
Arafat Toghan ◽  
Mohamed Gouda ◽  
Kamal Shalabi ◽  
Hany M. Abd El-Lateef
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
Nanocrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Active Centers ◽  
Acid Pickling ◽  
Pickling Process

Converting low-cost bio-plant residuals into high-value reusable nanomaterials such as microcrystalline cellulose is an important technological and environmental challenge. In this report, nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) was prepared by acid hydrolysis of macrocrystalline cellulose (CEL). The newly synthesized nanomaterials were fully characterized using spectroscopic and microscopic techniques including FE-SEM, FT-IR, TEM, Raman spectroscopy, and BET surface area. Morphological portrayal showed the rod-shaped structure for NCC with an average diameter of 10–25 nm in thickness as well as length 100–200 nm. The BET surface area of pure CEL and NCC was found to be 10.41 and 27 m2/g, respectively. The comparative protection capacity of natural polymers CEL and NCC towards improving the SS316 alloy corrosion resistance has been assessed during the acid pickling process by electrochemical (OCP, PDP, and EIS), and weight loss (WL) measurements. The outcomes attained from the various empirical methods were matched and exhibited that the protective efficacy of these polymers augmented with the upsurge in dose in this order CEL (93.1%) < NCC (96.3%). The examined polymers display mixed-corrosion inhibition type features by hindering the active centers on the metal interface, and their adsorption followed the Langmuir isotherm model. Surface morphology analyses by SEM reinforced the adsorption of polymers on the metal substrate. The Density Functional Theory (DFT) parameters were intended and exhibited the anti-corrosive characteristics of CEL and NCC polymers. A Monte Carlo (MC) simulation study revealed that CEL and NCC polymers are resolutely adsorbed on the SS316 alloy surface and forming a powerful adsorbed protective layer.

scholarly journals Fly Ash Coated with Magnetic Materials: Improved Adsorbent for Cu (II) Removal from Wastewater

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Maria Harja ◽  
Gabriela Buema ◽  
Nicoleta Lupu ◽  
Horia Chiriac ◽  
Dumitru Daniel Herea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Copper Adsorption ◽  
X Ray

Fly ash/magnetite material was used for the adsorption of copper ions from synthetic wastewater. The obtained material was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area, and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Batch adsorption experiments were employed in order to investigate the effects of adsorbent dose, initial Cu (II) concentration and contact time over adsorption efficiency. The experimental isotherms were modeled using Langmuir (four types of its linearization), Freundlich, Temkin, and Harkins–Jura isotherm models. The fits of the results are estimated according to the Langmuir isotherm, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 17.39 mg/g. The pseudo-second-order model was able to describe kinetic results. The data obtained throughout the study prove that this novel material represents a potential low-cost adsorbent for copper adsorption with improved adsorption capacity and magnetic separation capability compared with raw fly ash.

A Study on Adsorption Ammonia Nitrogen of Diatomite Modified by Microwave

2012 ◽  
Vol 602-604 ◽  
pp. 1211-1214
Author(s):  
Zhi Wen Luo ◽  
Zhong Chen ◽  
Su Hong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Microwave Treatment ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Ammonia Adsorption ◽  
Freundlich Isotherms ◽  
Adsorption Capacities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Modified Diatomite

Diatomite was modified by microwave treatment to increase their utilization value, using modified diatomite to treat ammonia-nitrogen wastewater. The experiment indicated that adsorption process of modification of the modified time by microwaves and microwave power is the impact of ammonia adsorption of the main factors. Through modification experiments by raising the capacity of diatomite adsorption ammonia nitrogen, adsorption of ammonia nitrogen increase over one time. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were used to fit and the experimental results show that the modified diatomite adsorption onto ammonia nitrogen accords with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm. The maximum theoretical adsorption capacities are 5.81083mg/g.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study on The Adsorption Behavior of Congo Red on to ZnAl and ZnCr Layered Double Hydroxides

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-116
Author(s):  
Tarmizi Taher ◽  
◽  
Nyanyu Ummu Hani ◽  
Neza Rahayu Palapa ◽  
Risfidian Mohadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Adsorption Kinetics ◽  
Layered Double Hydroxides ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Double Hydroxides

In this work, two synthetic layered double hydroxides (LDH) consists of Zn2+ as M2+ cation with different M3+ cation, i.e., Al3+ and Cr3+ were used as an adsorbent for Congo Red removal aqueous solution. Both Zn-Al and Zn-Cr LDH were characterized by X-ray diffraction, FT-IR, and BET surface area analyzer. The effect of contact time, initial dye concentration, and temperature were evaluated in a batch technique in order to investigate the characteristic of Congo Red adsorption onto both adsorbents. The experimental data were assessed according to the parameter of adsorption kinetics, isotherm, and thermodynamics. The results of LDH characterization showed that Zn-Al LDH has a higher interlayer distance than Zn-Cr LDH, although Zn-Cr LDH has a higher surface area. The FT-IR analysis indicated the interlayer space of both Zn-Cr and Zn-Al LDH was dominated by CO32- as the interlayer anion species. The adsorption kinetics study of Congo Red on both LDH revealed that the adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order model. For the adsorption isotherm, the experimental data fit well with the Freundlich model rather than the Langmuir model. The thermodynamic study indicated that the adsorption process that occurred on both adsorbents was spontaneous with exothermic nature.

scholarly journals Novel Lanthanum Doped Magnetic Teff Straw Biochar Nanocomposite and Optimization Its Efficacy of Defluoridation of Groundwater Using RSM: A Case Study of Hawassa City, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Temesgen Abeto Amibo ◽  
Surafel Mustafa Beyan ◽  
Tsegaye Markos Damite
Keyword(s):  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Ligand Exchange ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Fluoride Removal ◽  
Fluoride Ions ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
Mathematical Process

The problem extent of the large concentration of fluoride ions in drinking water is still a central health issue. In the present study, lanthanum doped magnetic Teff straw biochar (LDMTSB) was developed as a novel adsorbent for removing fluoride ions in the groundwater in Rift-Valley regions, especially Hawassa city, Ethiopia. The synthesized LDMTBC was characterized via FTIR, XRD, SEM, and BET. And, this analysis proposed that multiadsorption techniques such as ligand exchange, precipitations, and electrostatic interaction could be evinced throughout the fluoride ions adsorption process by LDMTSB. The constraints that influence the adsorption efficacy, namely, a dosage of LDMTSB, contact time, pH of the solution, and rotational speed, were analyzed and optimized using the response surface methodology approach. Under the optimum situations, LDMTSB dosage: 3.97 g, contact time: 56.36 min, rotational speed: 591.19 rpm, and pH: 3.968 demonstrate high efficacy of LDMTSB with 98.89% fluoride removal capacity. Further, the quadratic model (R2 = 0.9841) was designated for governing the mathematical process. The LDMTSB was successful in the removal of fluoride ions in the groundwater. This study provides a valuable economical solution for the application of Teff straw.

scholarly journals Investigation of Properties Alternation during Super-Critical CO2 Injection in Shale

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sai Wang ◽  
Kouqi Liu ◽  
Juan Han ◽  
Kegang Ling ◽  
Hongsheng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Supercritical Co2 ◽  
Indentation Test ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Co2 Injection ◽  
Co2 Flooding ◽  
Recovery Method ◽  
Injection Process

The low recovery of oil from tight liquid-rich formations is still a major challenge for a tight reservoir. Thus, supercritical CO2 flooding was proposed as an immense potential recovery method for production improvement. While up to date, there have been few studies to account for the formation properties’ variation during the CO2 Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) process, especially investigation at the micro-scale. This work conducted a series of measurements to evaluate the rock mechanical change, mineral alteration and the pore structure properties’ variation through the supercritical CO2 (Sc-CO2) injection process. Corresponding to the time variation (0 days, 10 days, 20 days, 30 days and 40 days), the rock mechanical properties were analyzed properly through the nano-indentation test, and the mineralogical alterations were quantified through X-ray diffraction (XRD). In addition, pore structures of the samples were measured through the low-temperature N2 adsorption tests. The results showed that, after Sc-CO2 injection, Young’s modulus of the samples decreases. The nitrogen adsorption results demonstrated that, after the CO2 injection, the mesopore volume of the sample would change as well as the specific Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area which could be aroused from the chemical reactions between the CO2 and some authigenic minerals. XRD analysis results also indicated that mesopore were altered due to the chemical reaction between the injected Sc-CO2 and the minerals.

scholarly journals Occurrence and Removal of Veterinary Antibiotics in Livestock Wastewater Treatment Plants, South Korea

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Pil Kim ◽  
Dal Rae Jin ◽  
Wonseok Lee ◽  
Minhee Chae ◽  
Junwon Park
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Veterinary Antibiotics ◽  
Livestock Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
A2o Process

In this study, livestock wastewater treatment plants in South Korea were monitored to determine the characteristics of influent and effluent wastewater, containing four types of veterinary antibiotics (sulfamethazine, sulfathiazole, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline), and the removal efficiencies of different treatment processes. Chlortetracycline had the highest average influent concentration (483.7 μg/L), followed by sulfamethazine (251.2 μg/L), sulfathiazole (230.8 μg/L) and oxytetracycline (25.7 μg/L), at five livestock wastewater treatment plants. Sulfathiazole had the highest average effluent concentration (28.2 μg/L), followed by sulfamethazine (20.8 μg/L) and chlortetracycline (11.5 μg/L), while no oxytetracycline was detected. For veterinary antibiotics in the wastewater, a removal efficiency of at least 90% was observed with five types of treatment processes, including a bio-ceramic sequencing batch reactor, liquid-phase flotation, membrane bioreactor, bioreactor plus ultrafiltration (BIOSUF) and bio best bacillus systems. Moreover, this study evaluated the removal efficiency via laboratory-scale experiments on the conventional contaminants, such as organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and veterinary antibiotics. This was done using the hydraulic retention time (HRT), under three temporal conditions (14 h, 18 h, 27 h), using the anaerobic–anoxic–oxic (A2O) process, in an attempt to assess the combined livestock wastewater treatment process where the livestock wastewater is treated until certain levels of water quality are achieved, and then the effluent is discharged to nearby sewage treatment plants for further treatment. The removal efficiencies of veterinary antibiotics, especially oxytetracycline and chlortetracycline, were 86.5–88.8% and 87.9–90.8%, respectively, exhibiting no significant differences under various HRT conditions. The removal efficiency of sulfamethazine was at least 20% higher at HRT = 27 h than at HRT = 14 h, indicating that sulfamethazine was efficiently removed in the A2O process with increased HRT. This study is expected to promote a comprehensive understanding of the behavior and removal of veterinary antibiotics in the livestock wastewater treatment plants of South Korea.

scholarly journals Effect of Hydrothermal Aging Treatment on Decomposition of NO by Cu-ZSM-5 and Modified Mechanism of Doping Ce against This Influence

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Yang ◽  
Xiaofei Wang ◽  
Xiaolei Qiao ◽  
Yan Jin ◽  
Baoguo Fan
Keyword(s):  
Flue Gas ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Aging Treatment ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Active Centers ◽  
Hydrothermal Aging ◽  
Exchange Method ◽  
Active Aluminum ◽  
Decomposition Of No

Cu-ZSM-5 and Ce-doped Cu-Ce-ZSM-5 samples were prepared by liquid-phase ion exchange method. The two catalysts were subjected to hydrothermal aging treatment in the simulated flue gas of a coal-fired power station at an ageing temperature of 650–850 °C. The denitration experiment found that the activity of the aged Cu-ZSM-5 was 19.6% to 41% lower than that of the fresh Cu-ZSM-5 at the optimal decomposition temperature of NO at 550 °C, while the aged Cu-Ce-ZSM-5 had only a 14.8% to 31.5% reduction in activity than the fresh Cu-Ce-ZSM-5. The samples were characterized by XRD, BET, H2-TPR, XPS, NO-TPD, etc. The results showed that hydrothermal aging treatment leads to the dealumination of the ZSM-5 framework and reduces the specific surface area and pore volume of the micropore in the sample. It also exacerbates the isolated Cu2+, and the active center {Cu2+-O2−-Cu2+}2+ dimers migrate towards the sample surface and form inactive CuO. Doping with Ce can promote the dispersion of Cu(OH)+, which was the precursor of {Cu2+-O2−-Cu2+}2+. Ce3+ can preferentially occupy the less active bridged hydroxyl exchange sites, so that copper ions occupy the more active aluminum hydroxyl sites, thereby inhibiting the migration of active centers.

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