scholarly journals Deviations in the Gut Microbiota of Neonates Affected by Maternal Group B Streptococcus Infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue-feng Li ◽  
Xue-lei Gong ◽  
Su-xiang Chen ◽  
Ke-jian Wang ◽  
Yan-hua Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Gut Colonization ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background: Group B Streptococcus (GBS) infection is the leading cause of septicemia, meningitis, and pneumonia in neonates. Aberrant gut colonization in early life may predispose children to various diseases in adulthood. However, the associations between gut microbial changes and GBS infection is still unclear.Methods: We adopted a new microarray-based technique on neonatal meconium samples collected from 13 participants with mother’s GBS infection/colonization in vaginas and 73 uninfected controls.Results: The composition and diversity of meconium microbiota in GBS group were similar to that of healthy controls. However, we identified several specific taxa that were differentially abundant between the two groups (linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe): p<0.05, LDA>2.0). Particularly, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus paracasei was significantly reduced, indicating a role in GBS infection.Conclusions: Our study presented a series of bacterial species affected by GBS, thus providing novel evidence in support of initial intestinal microbiota dysbiosis in the neonates with mother’s GBS infection/colonization.

scholarly journals Maternal group B Streptococcus and the infant gut microbiota

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Cassidy-Bushrow ◽  
A. Sitarik ◽  
A. M. Levin ◽  
S. V. Lynch ◽  
S. Havstad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Adult Disease ◽  
Gut Colonization ◽  
Infant Gut Microbiome ◽  
Group B

Early patterns of gut colonization may predispose children to adult disease. Exposures in utero and during delivery are associated with the infant gut microbiome. Although ~35% of women carry group B strep (GBS; Streptococcus agalactiae) during pregnancy, it is unknown if GBS presence influences the infant gut microbiome. As part of a population-based, general risk birth cohort, stool specimens were collected from infant’s diapers at research visits conducted at ~1 and 6 months of age. Using the Illumina MiSeq (San Diego, CA) platform, the V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was sequenced. Infant gut bacterial community compositional differences by maternal GBS status were evaluated using permutational multivariate analysis of variance. Individual operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were tested using a zero-inflated negative binomial model. Data on maternal GBS and infant gut microbiota from either 1 (n=112) or 6-month-old stool (n=150) specimens was available on 262 maternal-child pairs. Eighty women (30.5%) were GBS+, of who 58 (72.5%) were given intrapartum antibiotics. After adjusting for maternal race, prenatal antifungal use and intrapartum antibiotics, maternal GBS status was statistically significantly associated with gut bacterial composition in the 6 month visit specimen (Canberra R2=0.008, P=0.008; Unweighted UniFrac R2=0.010, P=0.011). Individual OTU tests revealed that infants of GBS+ mothers were significantly enriched for specific members of the Clostridiaceae, Ruminococcoceae, and Enterococcaceae in the 6 month specimens compared with infants of GBS- mothers. Whether these taxonomic differences in infant gut microbiota at 6 months lead to differential predisposition for adult disease requires additional study.

scholarly journals Ectopic gut colonization: a metagenomic study of the oral and gut microbiome in Crohn’s disease

Gut Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shijia Hu ◽  
Eileen Png ◽  
Michelle Gowans ◽  
David E. H. Ong ◽  
Paola Florez de Sessions ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
European Descent ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Gut Colonization

Abstract Background This study aims to characterize, the gut and oral microbiome in Asian subjects with Crohn’s disease (CD) using whole genome shotgun sequencing, thereby allowing for strain-level comparison. Methods A case–control study with age, sex and ethnicity matched healthy controls was conducted. CD subjects were limited to well-controlled patients without oral manifestations. Fecal and saliva samples were collected for characterization of gut and oral microbiome respectively. Microbial DNA were extracted, libraries prepared and sequenced reads profiled. Taxonomic diversity, taxonomic association, strain typing and microbial gene pathway analyses were conducted. Results The study recruited 25 subjects with CD and 25 healthy controls. The oral microbe Streptococcus salivarius was found to be enriched and of concordant strains in the gut and oral microbiome of Crohn’s disease subjects. This was more likely in CD subjects with higher Crohn’s Disease Activity Index (184.3 ± 2.9 vs 67.1 ± 82.5, p = 0.012) and active disease status (Diarrhoea/abdominal pain/blood-in-stool/fever and fatigue) (p = 0.016). Gut species found to be significantly depleted in CD compared to control (Relative abundance: Median[Range]) include: Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (0.03[0.00–4.56] vs 13.69[5.32–18.71], p = 0.010), Roseburia inulinivorans (0.00[0.00–0.03] vs 0.21[0.01–0.53], p = 0.010) and Alistipes senegalensis (0.00[0.00–0.00] vs 0.00[0.00–0.02], p = 0.029). While Clostridium nexile (0.00[0.00–0.12] vs 0.00[0.00–0.00], p = 0.038) and Ruminococcus gnavus (0.43[0.02–0.33] vs 0.00[0.00–0.13], p = 0.043) were found to be enriched. C. nexile enrichment was not found in CD subjects of European descent. Microbial arginine (Linear-discriminant-analysis: 3.162, p = 0.001) and isoprene (Linear-discriminant-analysis: 3.058, p < 0.001) pathways were found at a higher relative abundance level in gut microbiome of Crohn’s disease. Conclusions There was evidence of ectopic gut colonization by oral bacteria, especially during the active phase of CD. Previously studied gut microbial differences were detected, in addition to novel associations which could have resulted from geographical/ethnic differences to subjects of European descent. Differences in microbial pathways provide possible targets for microbiome modification.

STUDIES ON INTERACTION OF BACTERIA, SERUM FACTORS AND POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES IN MOTHERS AND NEWBORNS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Dossett ◽  
Ralph C. Williams ◽  
Paul G. Quie
Keyword(s):  
Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Humoral Factors ◽  
Serum Factors ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Serum Fractions ◽  
Group B

The bactericidal capacity of newborn infants' whole blood for E. coli was deficient compared to the mothers, and attempts were made to identify cellular or humoral factors responsible for this deficiency. Separated polymorphonuclear leukocytes from newborn infants were found to be similar to polymorphs from mothers in capacity to engulf and kill E. coli and other bacteria so that cellular deficiency was not evident. Comparison of the serum opsonic capacity of newborn infants' and mothers' sera revealed deficient opsonic capacity for E. coli in newborn sera. The mean opsonic titer for E. coli was 46.7 in mothers and 4.3 in neonates. Serum opsonic titers for Staph. aureus and group B streptococcus were similar. The opsonic capacity for all bacterial species was decreased when the sera were heated or decomplemented with immune complexes indicating the phagocytosis amplifying role of complement. The newborn-maternal difference in opsonic capacity for E. coli was presumably a result of deficient 19S antibodies, the primary opsonic antibodies for this organism. Maternal 19S serum fractions alone, however, showed no opsonic capacity for E. coli. Addition of a complement source (newborn serum absorbed with E. coli) revealed the opsonic capacity of these 19S maternal serum fractions for E. coli. Antibodies in 19S serum fractions therefore are efficient opsonins for E. coli; however, complement is necessary to demonstrate their opsonic potential.

scholarly journals Successional stages in infant gut microbiota maturation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leen Beller ◽  
Ward Deboutte ◽  
Gwen Falony ◽  
Sara Vieira Silva ◽  
Raul Tito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Gut Flora ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Gut Colonization ◽  
Maturation Stages ◽  
Colonization Process ◽  
First Year Of Life

Background: Disturbances in the primary colonization of the infant gut can result in life-long consequences and have been associated with a range of host conditions. Although early life factors have been shown to affect the infant gut microbiota development, our current understanding of the human gut colonization in early life remains limited. To gain more insights in the unique dynamics of this rapidly evolving ecosystem, we investigated the microbiota over the first year of life in eight densely sampled infants (total number of samples, n=303). To evaluate gut microbiota maturation transition towards an adult configuration, we compared the microbiome composition of the infants to the Flemish Gut Flora Project population (n=1,106). Results: We observed the infant gut microbiota to mature through three distinct, conserved stages of ecosystem development. Across these successional gut microbiota maturation stages, genus predominance was observed to shift from Escherichia over Bifidobacterium to Bacteroides. Both disease and antibiotic treatment were observed to be associated occasionally with gut microbiota maturation stage regression, a transient setback in microbiota maturation dynamics. Although the studied microbiota trajectories evolved to more adult-like constellations, microbiome community typing against the background of the Flemish Gut Flora Project (FGFP) cohort clustered all infant samples within the (in adults) potentially dysbiotic Bact2 enterotype. Conclusion: We confirmed similarities between infant gut microbial colonization and adult dysbiosis. A profound knowledge about the primary gut colonization process in infants might provide crucial insights into how the secondary colonization of a dysbiotic adult gut can be redirected.

scholarly journals Changes in Amino Acid and Acylcarnitine Plasma Profiles for Distinguishing Patients with Multiple Sclerosis from Healthy Controls

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Marat F. Kasakin ◽  
Artem D. Rogachev ◽  
Elena V. Predtechenskaya ◽  
Vladimir J. Zaigraev ◽  
Vladimir V. Koval ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Tandem Mass Spectrometric

McDonald criteria and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are used for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS); nevertheless, it takes a considerable amount of time to make a clinical decision. Amino acid and fatty acid metabolic pathways are disturbed in MS, and this information could be useful for diagnosis. The aim of our study was to find changes in amino acid and acylcarnitine plasma profiles for distinguishing patients with multiple sclerosis from healthy controls. We have applied a targeted metabolomics approach based on tandem mass-spectrometric analysis of amino acids and acylcarnitines in dried plasma spots followed by multivariate statistical analysis for discovery of differences between MS (n=16) and control (n=12) groups. It was found that partial least square discriminant analysis yielded better group classification as compared to principal component linear discriminant analysis and the random forest algorithm. All the three models detected noticeable changes in the amino acid and acylcarnitine profiles in the MS group relative to the control group. Our results hold promise for further development of the clinical decision support system.

Variability of neuD transcription levels and capsular sialic acid expression among serotype III group B Streptococcus strains

Microbiology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 157 (12) ◽  
pp. 3282-3291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Frédérique Lartigue ◽  
Agnès Fribourg Poulard ◽  
Rim Al Safadi ◽  
Hélène Pailhories ◽  
Anne-Sophie Domelier-Valentin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Exponential Growth ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Neonatal Meningitis ◽  
Exponential Growth Phase ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
Group B

Serotype III group B Streptococcus (GBS) is the major cause of neonatal meningitis, but the risk of infection in the colonized neonates is variable. Capsular sialic acid (Sia), whose synthesis is encoded by neu genes, appears to be a major virulence factor in several bacterial species able to reach the cerebrospinal fluid. Therefore, variations of Sia expression related to the genetic diversity of strains may have an impact on the risk of meningitis in colonized neonates. We characterized by MLST the phylogenetic diversity of 64 serotype III GBS strains isolated from vaginal flora and randomly selected. These strains mostly belonged to three major sequence types (STs): ST1 (11 %), ST17 (39 %) and ST19 (31 %). The genetic diversity of strains of these lineages, characterized by PFGE, allowed the selection of 17 representative strains, three ST1, six ST17 and eight ST19, with NEM316 as reference, in order to evaluate (i) by quantitative RT-PCR, the level of transcription of the neuD gene as a marker for the transcription of neu genes and (ii) by enzymological analysis, the expression of Sia. The mean transcription level of neuD was higher for ST17 strains than for ST1 and ST19 strains in the early, mid- and late exponential growth phases, and was maximum in the early exponential growth phase for ST17 strains and in the mid-exponential growth phase for ST1 and ST19 strains. Mean Sia concentration was higher for ST17 than for ST1 and ST9 strains in all three growth phases. For the total population, Sia concentration varied notably in the stationary phase, from 0.38 to 9.30 nmol per 108 viable bacteria, with a median value of 2.99 nmol per 108 bacteria. All ST17 strains, only one-third of the ST19 strains and none of the ST1 strains had Sia concentrations higher than the median Sia concentration. Therefore, differences in the level of expression of Sia by strains of the major serotype III GBS phylogenetic lineages might be one of the factors that explain the leading role of ST17 strains in neonatal meningitis.

scholarly journals Interplay and cooperation of Helicobacter pylori and gut microbiota in gastric carcinogenesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyedeh Zahra Bakhti ◽  
Saeid Latifi-Navid
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Gastric Carcinogenesis ◽  
Oncogenic Signaling ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Oncogenic Signaling Pathways

AbstractChronic Helicobacter pylori infection is a critical risk factor for gastric cancer (GC). However, only 1–3 % of people with H. pylori develop GC. In gastric carcinogenesis, non-H. pylori bacteria in the stomach might interact with H. pylori. Bacterial dysbiosis in the stomach can strengthen gastric neoplasia development via generating tumor-promoting metabolites, DNA damaging, suppressing antitumor immunity, and activating oncogenic signaling pathways. Other bacterial species may generate short-chain fatty acids like butyrate that may inhibit carcinogenesis and inflammation in the human stomach. The present article aimed at providing a comprehensive overview of the effects of gut microbiota and H. pylori on the development of GC. Next, the potential mechanisms of intestinal microbiota were discussed in gastric carcinogenesis. We also disserted the complicated interactions between H. pylori, intestinal microbiota, and host in gastric carcinogenesis, thus helping us to design new strategies for preventing, diagnosing, and treating GC.

scholarly journals Investigation of extramammary sources of Group B Streptococcus reveals its unusual ecology and epidemiology in camels

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinah Seligsohn ◽  
Chiara Crestani ◽  
Nduhiu Gitahi ◽  
Emelie Lejon Flodin ◽  
Erika Chenais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Carriage Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Single Locus Variant ◽  
Group B

Camels are vital to food production in the drylands of the Horn of Africa, with milk as their main contribution to food security. A major constraint to camel milk production is mastitis, inflammation of the mammary gland. The condition negatively impacts milk yield and quality as well as household income. The leading cause of mastitis in dairy camels is Streptococcus agalactiae, group B Streptococcus (GBS), which is also a commensal and pathogen of humans. It has been suggested that extramammary reservoirs for this pathogen may contribute to the occurrence of mastitis in camels. We explored the molecular epidemiology of GBS in camels using a cross-sectional study design for sample collection and phenotypic, genomic and phylogenetic analysis of isolates. Among 88 adult camels and 93 calves from six herds in Laikipia County, Kenya, GBS was detected in 20% of 50 milk samples, 25% of 152 nasal swabs, 8% of 90 oral swabs and 3% of 90 rectal swabs, but not in vaginal swabs. Per camel herd, two to four sequence types (ST) were present. More than half of the isolates belonged to ST617 or its single-locus variant, ST1652, with these STs found across all sample types. Serotype VI was detected in 30 of 58 isolates. In three herds, identical STs were detected in milk and swab samples, suggesting that extramammary sources of GBS may contribute to the maintenance and spread of GBS within camel herds. This needs to be considered when developing prevention and control strategies. In addition, the high nasal carriage rate, low recto-vaginal carriage rate, and high prevalence of serotype VI for GBS in camels are in stark contrast to the distribution of GBS in humans and reveal hitherto unknown ecological and molecular features of this bacterial species.

scholarly journals Analysis of microbiota in elderly patients with Acute Cerebral Infarction

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Huang ◽  
Teng Wang ◽  
Qian Wu ◽  
Xin Dong ◽  
Feifei Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Cerebral Infarction ◽  
Patient Group ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Acute Cerebral Infarction ◽  
Functional Enrichment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Gut Flora

Background and Aims Recent evidence suggest that microbiota is associated with almost all major types of diseases, including cardiovascular diseases. However, its role in Acute Cerebral Infarction remains unexplored. It is important to understand the diversity and distribution of gut microbiota (GM) in patients with Acute Cerebral Infarction and the role that GM plays in this type of disease. Methods We performed pyrosequencing on the gut microbiota of 40 individuals in order to elucidate whether the composition of the microbiota differs between patients with Acute Cerebral Infarction and healthy controls: Of these individuals, there were 31 with Acute Cerebral Infarction and nine controls. We applied linear regression to calculate the correlation between the gut flora and disease risk factors. Finally, KEGG functional enrichment analysis was conducted to examine the correlation between the gut flora and Acute Cerebral Infarction. Results The overall microbial structure was similar in both the controls and the patients, but the control group had higher relative presence of Blautia obeum while the presence of Streptococcus infantis and Prevotella copri were relatively higher in the patient group. Using linear regression, we found that Blautia obeum was negatively associated with white blood cell count and Streptococcus infantis was positively correlated with creatinine and lipoprotein. The KEGG pathway analysis indicated that the bio-pathways including methane metabolism, lipopolysaccharide synthesis, bacterial secretion, and flagellar assembly of the gut microbiota in the patient group was expressed differently than that of the controls. We identified three differentially expressed gut microbial functions in Acute Cerebral Infarction and found four bacterial pathways that might be related to the development of this disease. Conclusions Our study identified three abnormally-expressed bacteria—Blautia obeum, Streptococcus infantis, and Prevotella copri—in patients with Acute Cerebral Infarction compared with healthy controls. It reveals a correlation of these bacterial species with Acute Cerebral Infarction as they relate to disease factors and functional pathways. These findings may shed light on the treatment of cerebral infarction because gut microbiota could serve as a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.

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