Biotyping of Multidrug Resistant Campylobacter Jejuni from Poultry and Humans in Northern Region of Ghana

Abstract BackgroundThermophilic Campylobacters are zoonotic bacteria which are universally famous for causing enteritis in humans. They are normally found as commensals in the digestive tract of food animals with poultry being a major reservoir of the pathogenic species. This study evaluated the presence of Campylobacter in poultry (commercial and domestic) and humans (patients and asymptomatic individuals) and characterized strains by biotyping and susceptibility test in the Northern region of Ghana. ResultsOf the 346 poultry and 741 human samples analyzed, 43.1% and 12.9% Campylobacter species were recovered. Isolation frequency from commercial birds was significantly more (50.5%) than domestic birds (33.8%), as incidence in patients and asymptomatic individuals was 15.4% and 9% with a p=0.001. Campylobacter jejuni were recovered from more than eighty percent (84%) of commercial birds and 64% of domestic birds and in humans significantly less strains were observed in patients than asymptomatic individuals (p <0.05). Distribution of biotypes in domestic birds, patients and asymptomatic individuals were comparable with C. jejuni biotype I prevalence and Bioytype II largely in commercial poultry. All strains were resistant to tetracycline; and against erythromycin, 69.3% of jejuni strains were resistant but no resistance was recorded among the non-jejuni strains. Most resistance was noted among patient strains. Imipenem and the aminoglycosides were relatively effective as resistance of 10% and below 20% were obtained. Multidrug resistance was between 94-100% with 60% of strains being resistant to 4 or 5 classes of antibiotics. ConclusionThis study found phenotypic correlation between poultry and human strains coupled with copious isolation of C. jejuni biotypes I and II from commercial and domestic poultry which may well be possible source of threat to public health. None of the endorsed treatment drugs (erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline) can be admitted in this region due to common resistance found among strains against these agents but imipenem and aminoglycosides proved to be reliable as strains showed ample susceptibility. The multiple drug resistance (94-100%) observed in our study and other related investigations in the country call for rapid implementation of the policy on antimicrobial use and resistance which has been launched in Ghana.

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Surgical Site Infections - A Hospital Havoc: Retrospective Study of Surgical Site Infections in Tertiary Health Care Centre in North East India

International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science ◽

10.23958/ijirms/vol03-i01/09 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (01) ◽

Author(s):

V Singh ◽

A B Khyriem, W V Lyngdoh ◽

C J Lyngdoh

Keyword(s):

Surgical Site Infection ◽

Multiple Drug Resistance ◽

Surgical Site Infections ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Multiple Drug ◽

Site Infection ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

Acinetobacter Baumanii ◽

Health Care Centre ◽

North East

Objectives - Surgical site infections (SSI) has turn out to be a major problem even in hospital with most modern facilities and standard protocols of pre -operative preparation and antibiotic prophylaxis. Objective of this study is to know the prevalence of surgical site infection among the postoperative patients and to identify the relationship between SSI and etiological pathogens along with their antimicrobial susceptibility at North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences (NEIGRIHMS), Shillong. Methods - A retrospective case study conducted at NEIGRIHMS, among patients admitted to the surgical departments during the period between January 1st and December 31st 2016. Swabs from the surgical sites were collected under sterile conditions and standard bacteriological tests were performed for identification and appropriate statistical methods were employed to look for association between SSI and etiological pathogens. Results - Out of the 1284 samples included in the study, 192 samples showed evidence of SSI yielding an infection rate of 14.9%. The most commonly isolated bacteria were: Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumanii and Staphylococcus aureus, of the gram negative isolates 6.2% were multidrug resistant of which 19% were carbapenem resistant. Conclusion - SSI with multiple drug resistance strains and polymicrobial etiology reflects therapeutic failure. The outcome of the SSI surveillance in our hospital revealed that in order to decrease the incidence of SSI we would have to: a) incorporate a proper antibiotic stewardship b) conduct periodic surveillance to keep a check on SSI d) educate medical staffs regarding the prevention of surgical site infection.

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INFLUENCE OF GENOTYPIC VARIABILITY OF M. TUBERCULOSIS ON THE COURSE OF TUBERCULOSIS WITH MULTIPLE DRUG RESISTANCE

International Medical Journal ◽

10.37436/2308-5274-2020-1-15 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 68-71

Author(s):

V. S. Krutko ◽

L. H. Nikolaieva ◽

T. V. Maistat ◽

O. A. Oparin ◽

Anton Viktorovych Rohozhyn

Keyword(s):

Clinical Laboratory ◽

Multiple Drug Resistance ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Multiple Drug ◽

Genotypic Variability ◽

Intensive Phase ◽

Resistant Tuberculosis ◽

Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽

Promising Area ◽

Infection Source

Tuberculosis is infectious and socially dependent disease, being now one of the most pressing issues in practical health care. As well the usual types of tuberculosis infection, chemoresistant tuberculosis is spreading rapidly in the world. The WHO estimates that about 500,000 people on the planet are infected with M. tuberculosis, which is resistant to standard anti−tuberculosis drugs. The probability of successful treatment decreases with emergence of new genotypes of M. tuberculosis with total resistance. In the modern epidemiology of tuberculosis, it is important to identify genotypes on certain signs, allowing to address issues such as their origin, identification of the infection source, possible routes and factors of transmission, as well as to reveal cases and spread of resistance to anti−tuberculosis drugs. To evaluate the therapy efficiency of multidrug−resistant tuberculosis patients with revealed genotypic variability during treatment, 10 patients with chemoresistant pulmonary tuberculosis having M. tuberculosis genotypic variability were treated. In these patients, the clinical, laboratory and radiological dynamics of disease in intensive phase of treatment were studied. Analysis of treatment results for patients with chemoresistant tuberculosis with genotypic variability of M. tuberculosis was evaluated by the intoxication syndrome dynamics of, the timing of closure of the decay cavities and cessation of bacterial excretion. The study found that the genotypic variability of M. tuberculosis is characterized by the change of less virulent genotypes of M. tuberculosis to more virulent. Signs of intoxication have been shown to change from less virulent M. tuberculosis genotypes to M. tuberculosis Beijing genotypes. Genotypic variability of mycobacteria in hospital suggests that hospitalization in tuberculosis facilities is a risk of exogenous tuberculosis superinfection. Studying the influence of genotypic variability of M. tuberculosis on the course of multidrug−resistant tuberculosis requires more extensive research, being a very relevant and promising area in phthisiology. Key words: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, genotypic variability, VNTR−genotyping, treatment.

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Genomic Characterization of A Multidrug-resistant Citrobacter freundii Strain ZT01-0079 Co-Producing blaNDM-1 and blaSHV-12 using MiSeq and MinION

10.21203/rs.3.rs-92305/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Tingyan Zhang ◽

Yanfeng Lin ◽

Zhonghong Li ◽

Xiong Liu ◽

Jinhui Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resistance Genes ◽

Southern Blotting ◽

Multiple Drug Resistance ◽

Carbapenem Resistance ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Multiple Drug ◽

Citrobacter Freundii ◽

Rapid Spread ◽

Genomic Characterization

Abstract Background: The emergence of multi-drug resistant Citrobacter freundii poses daunting challenges to the treatment of clinical infections. The purpose of this study was to characterize the genome of a C. freundii strain with an IncX3 plasmid encoding both the blaNDM-1 and blaSHV-12 genes.Methods: Strain ZT01-0079 was isolated from a clinical urine sample. The Vitek2 system was used for identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The presence of blaNDM-1 was detected by PCR and sequencing. Conjugation experiments and Southern blotting were performed to determine the transferability of the blaNDM-1- carrying plasmid. Nanopore and Illumina sequencing were performed to better understand the genomic characteristics of the strain.Results: Strain ZT01-0079 was identified as C. freundii, and the coexistence of blaNDM-1 and multiple drug resistance genes was confirmed. Electrophoresis and Southern blotting showed that blaNDM-1 was located on a ~53kb IncX3 plasmid. The NDM-1-encoding plasmid was successfully transferred at a frequency of 1.68×10−3. Both blaNDM-1 and blaSHV-12 were located on the self-transferable IncX3 plasmid.Conclusion: The rapid spread of the IncX3 plasmid highlights the importance of continuous monitoring of the prevalence of NDM-1-encoding Enterobacteriaceae. Mutations of existing carbapenem resistance genes will bring formidable challenges to clinical treatment.

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Multidrug resistant and ESBL-producing Salmonella spp. isolated from poultry

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n6supl2p3045 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (6Supl2) ◽

pp. 3045

Author(s):

Marielen de Souza ◽

Daniela Aguiar Penha Brito ◽

Maísa Fabiana Menck-Costa ◽

Alexandre Oba ◽

Renata Katsuko Takayama Kobayashi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Drug Resistance ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Multiple Drug ◽

Esbl Production ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Animal Products ◽

Production Chain ◽

Phenotypic Profile ◽

Poultry Products ◽

Foodborne Infection

Salmonella spp. is one of the main agents responsible for foodborne infection in humans, and products of poultry origin are the most common infection sources. Studies have shown the occurrence of antimicrobials resistant Salmonella spp. in animal products. The Extended Spectrum ?-Lactamase (ESBL) are enzymes that confer to bacteria the ability to hydrolyze cephalosporin with an oximino side chain and monobactams. This study aimed to investigate antimicrobial resistance profile, identify phenotypes and genotypes for multiple drug resistance (MDR) and that produce ESBL from isolates of Salmonella spp. in the broiler production chain. We used samples of Salmonella spp. (n=11) isolates from poultry, poultry products and poultry-source environment from the state of Maranhão - Brazil. The isolates of Salmonella spp. assessed showed genotypical and phenotypical characteristics of MDR. The results show that 72.72% (08/11) of the strains presented the phenotypic profile for ESBL production. The isolates showed positivity to at least 13.64% (03/22) of the genes studied and the highest frequencies were observed in genes sul1 (73%), dfrA12 (55%), blaCTX-M (55%), tetA, tetB and tetC, with 45%. In conclusion, the strains of Salmonella spp. isolates present genotypic and phenotypic characteristics for MDR and ESBL production, demonstrating the dissemination risk of these microorganisms through the food chain.

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Drug-resistant genital tuberculosis of the penis in a human immunodeficiency virus non-reactive individual

Journal of Medical Microbiology ◽

10.1099/jmm.0.46960-0 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 56 (5) ◽

pp. 694-695 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

C. P. Baveja ◽

Gumma Vidyanidhi ◽

Manisha Jain ◽

Trishla Kumari ◽

V. K. Sharma

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Multiple Drug Resistance ◽

Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Multiple Drug ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

First Line ◽

Antitubercular Drugs ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Superficial Ulcer

The genitourinary tract is the most common site for extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Penile TB is extremely rare comprising less than 1 % of all genital TB cases in males. It most commonly presents either as a superficial ulcer on the glans or around the corona. Diagnosis of penile TB is often difficult because it can mimic numerous other diseases. The association of TB with AIDS, and the increasing incidence of multiple drug resistance has further compounded the problem. The case described herein involves a patient with multidrug-resistant smear-positive penile TB that was undiagnosed initially due to the lack of clinical suspicion of TB, and once diagnosed failed to respond to first line antitubercular drugs because of multiple drug resistance.

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Interactions between the gene products of pma1 encoding plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase, and pdr1 controlling multiple drug resistance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Acta Biochimica Polonica ◽

10.18388/abp.1993_4789 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 487-496 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S Ułaszewski

Keyword(s):

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Drug Resistance ◽

Plasma Membrane ◽

Atpase Activity ◽

Multiple Drug Resistance ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Multiple Drug ◽

Gene Products ◽

In Trans

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the pma1 mutations controlling the vanadate resistance of the H(+)-ATPase activity from the plasma membrane, map on chromosome VII in the vicinity of pdr1 mutations controlling multiple drug resistance. However, the pma1-1 mutants exhibit a genotype and a multidrug resistant phenotype quite different from those obtained for pdr1 mutants. Quantitative modifications of cycloheximide and N,N'-(p-xylylidene)-bis-aminoguanidine-2HCl resistance are observed in diploids containing the pma1 and pdr1 genes in trans configuration. Each of the pdr1 mutations interacts with pma1 as shown by a decrease in the ATPase activity in pdr1/pma1 diploids. The in vitro resistance of ATPase activity to vanadate is totally or partially suppressed in pdr1 mutants in haploid double mutants. These results suggest that the expression of PMA1 might be controlled by the PDR1 gene product.

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International lineages of Salmonella enterica serovars isolated from chicken farms, Wakiso District, Uganda

10.1101/707372 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Takiyah A. Ball ◽

Daniel F. Monte ◽

Awa Aidara-Kane ◽

Jorge Matheu ◽

Hongyu Ru ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Surveillance System ◽

Multiple Drug Resistance ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Sequence Type ◽

Seasonal Difference ◽

Health Concern ◽

Multiple Drug ◽

Public Health Concern ◽

Cattle Farms

ABSTRACTThe growing occurrence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella enterica in poultry has been reported with public health concern worldwide. We reported, recently, the occurrence of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica serovars carrying clinically relevant resistance genes in dairy cattle farms in the Wakiso District, Uganda, highlighting an urgent need to monitor food-producing animal environments. Here, we present the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and sequence type of 51 Salmonella isolates recovered from 400 environmental samples from chicken farms in Uganda. Among the Salmonella isolates, 32/51 (62.7%) were resistant to at least one antimicrobial, and 10/51 (19.6%) displayed multiple drug resistance. Through PCR, five replicon plasmids were identified among all chicken Salmonella including IncFIIS 17/51 (33.3%), IncI1α 12/51 (23.5%), IncP 8/51 (15.7%), IncX1 8/51 (15.7%), and IncX2 1/51 (2.0%). In addition, we identified replicons through WGS (ColpVC and IncFIB). A significant seasonal difference between chicken sampling periods was observed (p= 0.0017). We conclude that MDR Salmonella highlights the risks posed to the animals, environment, and humans for infection. Implementing a robust integrated surveillance system in Uganda will help monitor MDR to help control infectious threats.

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Prevalence of Multiple Drug Resistance among Avian Pathogenic E. coli Isolates from Commercial Poultry

Pak-Euro Journal of Medical and Life Sciences ◽

10.31580/pjmls.v2i4.1168 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 83-88

Author(s):

Abdul latif Baloch

Keyword(s):

Multiple Drug Resistance ◽

Polymyxin B ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Multiple Drug ◽

Mortality And Morbidity ◽

E Coli ◽

Multiple Organs ◽

Poultry Birds ◽

Commercial Poultry ◽

Tract Infections

Infections associated with Avian Pathogenic E. coli are responsible for huge economic losses for poultry industry worldwide. Particularly, its association with colibacillosis, a complex syndrome which is characterized by lesions of multiple organs i.e. peritonitis, pericarditis, air Sacculitis, osteomyelitis, salpingitis and yolk sac infections is responsible for high mortality and morbidity. Moreover, it causes respiratory tract infections among poultry birds, followed by septicaemia. Liver samples were collected from commercial poultry birds from the various retail shops located in Peshawar City. Bacteria were identified by biochemical and molecular methods. Out of all the tested isolates n=85, 98% were identified as Avian Pathogenic E. coli (APEC). Identified APEC samples were further tested against 23 different antibiotics including amoxicillin (89.40%), levofloxacin (62.40%), ciprofloxacin (71.80%), tobramycin (14.10%), gentamycin (34.10%),neomycin (53.00%), streptomycin (81.00%), tigecyclines (0.00%), oxytetracyclines (96.50%), doxycycline (61.20%), nitrofurantoin (1.00%), chloramphenicol (63.50%), cefixime (7%), cefepime (4.70%), ceftazidime (8.30%), cefotaxime (8.00%), cephalothin (43.50%), trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole (77.60%), lincomycin (100%), augmentin (4.70%), carbapenem (4%) and polymyxin B (15%). Out of all n=85 isolates 99.9% were multi-drug resistant. Furthermore, ESBL encoding TEM, OXA, SHV were detected in following percentages 53.60%, 19.50%, 9.70% respectively genes.

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Antibiotic-Resistant Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Isolated from Children with Congenital Abnormalities of the Kidneys and Urinary Tract

Antibiotics and Chemotherapy ◽

10.37489/0235-2990-2020-65-7-8-23-26 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 65 (7-8) ◽

pp. 23-26

Author(s):

S. Suadkia ◽

I. V. Podoprigora ◽

N. V. Yashina ◽

L. E. Sarukhanova ◽

E. G. Kravtsov

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Multiple Drug Resistance ◽

Age Groups ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Urine Samples ◽

Multiple Drug ◽

Phenotypic Analysis ◽

Antimicrobial Drugs ◽

Tract Infections

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is a serious health problem worldwide. UPEC's multiple drug resistance combined with virulence factors is a cause of serious concern. In childhood, urinary tract infections are of particular importance, since they can occur against the background of long-term unrecognized congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract. Of the 106 UPEC clinical isolates, 63.2% of cultures were isolated from girls' urine samples and 36.8% from boys' urine samples, which corresponds to a 1.7: 1 ratio. The antibiotic resistance of the isolated UPEC cultures was assessed in relation to 12 antimicrobial drugs. Among the tested cultures, 49% were multidrug-resistant and 20.75% were found to be resistant to imipenem. Phenotypic analysis of antibiotic susceptibility spectrum of uropathogenic E.coli (n=106) indicates a high percentage of occurrence of multi-resistant UPEC strains (49%) and imipenem-resistant UPEC strains (20.75%) among children of all age groups.

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Plasmid Analysis and Curing of Multidrug Resistant of Helicobacter pylori Isolated from Ulcer Patients in Ondo State, Nigeria

Journal of Advances in Microbiology ◽

10.9734/jamb/2019/v16i130115 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

A. K. Onifade ◽

M. A. Bakare

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Multiple Drug Resistance ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Plasmid Profile ◽

Multiple Drug ◽

In Vitro Susceptibility ◽

Ondo State ◽

H Pylori

Plasmid profile of multidrug resistant Helicobacter pylori isolated from ulcer patients in Ondo State, Nigeria was investigated. It was observed that the H. pylori isolated from ulcer patients in the course of the research were resistance to certain antibiotics. Consequently on the emergence of multiple drug resistance exhibited by the H. pylori, a total of 9 different antibiotics were tested against the H. pylori isolated from various locations to determine their in-vitro susceptibility pattern. The findings of the in-vitro antibiotics susceptibility testing are quite astonishing due to a high incidence of multiple drug resistance. Majority of the H. pylori showed high level of resistance against some specific number of antibiotics. The multidrug resistance observed in this study seems to be plasmid mediated. Moreover frequent use of over-the-counter antibiotics and abuse of non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) administration and abuse of drugs of sub – standard chemical quality has been identified as a major problem. The results from this investigative study have shown that resistance in H. pylori was plasmid based.

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