scholarly journals Sleep Disturbances and Their Impact on Cognition in Individuals With Pure Cerebellar Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akshata Sonni ◽  
Jeremy D. Schmahmann ◽  
Rebecca Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Cerebellar Ataxia ◽  
Word Pair ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Sleep Fragmentation ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Sleep Physiology

Abstract BackgroundIndividuals with cerebellar ataxia commonly report poor sleep. Our objective was to characterize sleep dysfunction in cerebellar ataxia and study its potential impact on non-motor function.MethodsSleep physiology and behavior were measured in 16 individuals with pure cerebellar ataxia and 16 matched controls. Cognitive function was assessed using the Cerebellar Cognitive Affective Syndrome/Schmahmann Scale (CCAS), and a word-pair learning task. We studied performance on the word-pair task before and after a period of overnight sleep to explore whether sleep-dependent memory consolidation is negatively impacted by cerebellar degeneration. ResultsCompared to matched controls, individuals with ataxia experienced greater limb movements during sleep (p=0.048), and increased sleep fragmentation (p=0.009) as measured through polysomnography. Cognitive assessment using the CCAS revealed deficits in executive function in the domains of verbal fluency (p=0.011) and cognitive flexibility (p=0.048). Individuals with ataxia were also impaired in declarative learning, with poor performance on the word-pair association task during Immediate (p=0.021) and Delayed Recall (p=0.011) compared to control participants. Poor sleep impacted cognition: increased sleep fragmentation was correlated with lower scores on the CCAS (p=0.008) and with immediate recall of the word-pair learning task (p=0.001). We found no differences between individuals with ataxia and controls with respect to overnight changes in performance on the word-pair task.ConclusionsSleep integrity is disrupted in individuals with neurodegeneration confined to the cerebellum. Fragmentation of sleep in particular appears to have negative effects on executive function and has practical implications for symptom management.

Sleep at high altitude: guesses and facts

2015 ◽  
Vol 119 (12) ◽  
pp. 1466-1480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konrad E. Bloch ◽  
Jana C. Buenzli ◽  
Tsogyal D. Latshang ◽  
Silvia Ulrich
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Periodic Breathing ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Consistent Finding ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

Lowlanders commonly report a poor sleep quality during the first few nights after arriving at high altitude. Polysomnographic studies reveal that reductions in slow wave sleep are the most consistent altitude-induced changes in sleep structure identified by visual scoring. Quantitative spectral analyses of the sleep electroencephalogram have confirmed an altitude-related reduction in the low-frequency power (0.8-4.6 Hz). Although some studies suggest an increase in arousals from sleep at high altitude, this is not a consistent finding. Whether sleep instability at high altitude is triggered by periodic breathing or vice versa is still uncertain. Overnight changes in slow wave-derived encephalographic measures of neuronal synchronization in healthy subjects were less pronounced at moderately high (2,590 m) compared with low altitude (490 m), and this was associated with a decline in sleep-related memory consolidation. Correspondingly, exacerbation of breathing and sleep disturbances experienced by lowlanders with obstructive sleep apnea during a stay at 2,590 m was associated with poor performance in driving simulator tests. These findings suggest that altitude-related alterations in sleep may adversely affect daytime performance. Despite recent advances in our understanding of sleep at altitude, further research is required to better establish the role of gender and age in alterations of sleep at different altitudes, to determine the influence of acclimatization and of altitude-related illness, and to uncover the characteristics of sleep in highlanders that may serve as a study paradigm of sleep in patients exposed to chronic hypoxia due to cardiorespiratory disease.

Feeling Like a Burden

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-238
Author(s):  
James H. Wirth ◽  
Ashley Batts Allen ◽  
Emily M. Zitek
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Social Costs ◽  
Negative Outcomes ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Self Compassion

Abstract. We examined the negative outcomes, particularly social costs that result when a person harms their group by performing poorly, and whether self-compassion could buffer against these negative outcomes. In Studies 1 and 2, participants performed poorly and harmed their group or performed equal to their group. Harmful poor-performing participants felt more burdensome, experienced more negative affect, felt more ostracized, anticipated more exclusion, and felt lowered self-esteem than equal-performing participants. Studies 3 and 4 disentangled poor performance from harming a group. Poor-performing participants either harmed the group or caused no harm. Harmful poor-performing participants felt more burdensome and anticipated more exclusion, indicating the additional social consequences of a harmful poor performance over a non-harmful performance. Across studies, trait self-compassion was associated with reduced negative effects.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SMART PHONE USAGE AND SLEEP DISTURBANCES AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISSTRESS AMONG STUDENTS

2017 ◽  
pp. 125-130
Author(s):  
Minh Tam Nguyen ◽  
Phuc Thanh Nhan Nguyen ◽  
Thi Thuy Hang Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
University Students ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Smartphone Addiction ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
School Students ◽  
The Relationship

The increasing use of smartphone among young people is creating negative effects and is an important public health problem in many countries. Smartphone abuse and addiction may cause physical and psychological disorders among users. However, the awarenes on this issue has been inadequate due to lacking of evidence. Objectives: To describe the current situation of smartphone using among students at highschools and universities in Hue city and to examine the relationship between smartphone using and sleep disturbances and psychological disstress among participants. Methods: A cross-sectional study with a randomly selected sample of 1,150 students at highschools and universities in Hue city. SAS-SV scale was used to evaluate phone addiction status, K10 scale was used for psychological distress assessment and PSQI scale was used to examine the sleep quality. Results: The proportion of students at highschools and universities having smartphones was 78.0%. The rate of smartphone addiction among high school students was 49.1% and that among university students was 43.7%. There was 57.3% of high school students had poor sleep quality, and that of university students was 51.6%. There was a statistically significant association between smartphone addiction and sleep disturbances and psychological disstress among participants (p <0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of smartphone addiction among students at highschools and universities is alarming and is related to sleep disturbances and psychological disstress among participants. There is a strong call to develop intervention to help students to aware and manage the use of smartphone effectively.

Lighting and Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias: Spotlight on sleep and depression

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 405-422
Author(s):  
MG Figueiro ◽  
HC Kales
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disease ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Pharmacological Intervention ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Health And Well Being ◽  
Positive Results

Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias is the collective term for a progressive neurodegenerative disease for which there is presently no cure. This paper focuses on two symptoms of the disease, sleep disturbances and depression, and discusses how light can be used as a non-pharmacological intervention to mitigate their negative effects. Bright days and dark nights are needed for health and well-being, but the present components of the built environment, especially those places where older adults spend most of their days, are too dimly illuminated during the day and too bright at night. To be effective light needs to be correctly specified, implemented and measured. Yet, without the appropriate specification and measurement of the stimulus, researchers will not be able to successfully demonstrate positive results in the field, nor will lighting designers and specifiers have the confidence to implement lighting solutions for promoting better sleep and mood in this population.

scholarly journals Impact of Shift Work and Long Working Hours on Worker Cognitive Functions: Current Evidence and Future Research Needs

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6540
Author(s):  
Veruscka Leso ◽  
Luca Fontana ◽  
Angela Caturano ◽  
Ilaria Vetrani ◽  
Mauro Fedele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Night Work ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Long Working Hours ◽  
Main Determinants

Particular working conditions and/or organization of working time may cause important sleep disturbances that have been proposed to be predictive of cognitive decline. In this regard, circadian rhythm misalignment induced by exposure to night work or long working hours would be responsible for cognitive impairment. Nevertheless, evidence supporting this correlation is limited and several issues still need to be elucidated. In this regard, we conducted a systematic review to evaluate the association between shift/night work and cognitive impairment and address its main determinants. Information provided by the reviewed studies suggested that night work might have serious immediate negative effects especially on cognitive domains related to attention, memory and response inhibition. Furthermore, cognitive performance would progressively worsen over consecutive night shifts or following exposure to very long work shifts. Otherwise, conflicting results emerged regarding the possible etiological role that night work chronic exposure would have on cognitive impairment. Therefore, circadian rhythm desynchronization, lack of sleep and fatigue resulting from night work may negatively impact worker’s cognitive efficiency. However, in light of the considerable methodological variability of the reviewed studies, we proposed to develop a standardized research and evaluation strategy in order to obtain a better and comprehensive understanding of this topic.

scholarly journals Improving Stress Management and Sleep Hygiene in Intelligent Homes

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2398
Author(s):  
Asterios Leonidis ◽  
Maria Korozi ◽  
Eirini Sykianaki ◽  
Eleni Tsolakou ◽  
Vasilios Kouroumalis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Sleep Hygiene ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Intelligent Home ◽  
And Control

High stress levels and sleep deprivation may cause several mental or physical health issues, such as depression, impaired memory, decreased motivation, obesity, etc. The COVID-19 pandemic has produced unprecedented changes in our lives, generating significant stress, and worries about health, social isolation, employment, and finances. To this end, nowadays more than ever, it is crucial to deliver solutions that can help people to manage and control their stress, as well as to reduce sleep disturbances, so as to improve their health and overall quality of life. Technology, and in particular Ambient Intelligence Environments, can help towards that direction, when considering that they are able to understand the needs of their users, identify their behavior, learn their preferences, and act and react in their interest. This work presents two systems that have been designed and developed in the context of an Intelligent Home, namely CaLmi and HypnOS, which aim to assist users that struggle with stress and poor sleep quality, respectively. Both of the systems rely on real-time data collected by wearable devices, as well as contextual information retrieved from the ambient facilities of the Intelligent Home, so as to offer appropriate pervasive relaxation programs (CaLmi) or provide personalized insights regarding sleep hygiene (HypnOS) to the residents. This article will describe the design process that was followed, the functionality of both systems, the results of the user studies that were conducted for the evaluation of their end-user applications, and a discussion about future plans.

scholarly journals Severe reflux, sleep disturbances, and health-related quality of life after esophageal cancer surgery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pernilla Lagergren ◽  
Asif Johar ◽  
Helen Rosenlund ◽  
Lars Arnberg ◽  
Lena Haglund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Poor Sleep Quality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Esophagectomy For Cancer

Abstract Purpose Esophagectomy for cancer is an extensive procedure often followed by severe complications. This study investigated whether patients with severe symptoms of reflux are more likely to have sleep disturbances and reduced health-related quality of life (HRQL) after esophagectomy. Methods This Swedish nationwide prospective cohort study encompassed all patients who had undergone esophagectomy for cancer between 2013 and 2018. One year after surgery, the patients responded to three questionnaires on reflux (EORTC QLQOG25), sleep disturbances (KSQ), and HRQL (EORTC QLQ-C30). Multivariable logistic regression provided odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for sleep disturbance/reduced HRQL between patients with and without reflux, adjusted for potential confounders. Results Among 241 esophagectomy patients, 66 (27%) reported severe reflux. Patients with reflux had an increased risk of sleep disturbances (OR 2.3, 95% CI: 1.3–4.3) compared to patients without reflux. More specifically, these patients were more likely to suffer from poor sleep quality (OR 4.9, 95% CI: 1.9–12.4). Patients with reflux and sleep disturbances reported reductions in global quality of life, role function, emotional function, social function, and more symptoms in all scales, except for dyspnea. Conclusions This study suggests that patients with severe symptoms of reflux after esophagectomy have an increased risk of sleep disturbances and poor sleep quality, which in turn are associated with reduced HRQL. Implications for Cancer Survivors Alleviating reflux after oesophageal cancer surgery is important, since this common symptom might reduce HRQL and well-being.

scholarly journals Association between depression and sleep quality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rulan Yin ◽  
Lin Li ◽  
Lan Xu ◽  
Wenjie Sui ◽  
Mei’e Niu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Moderate Correlation ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Poor Sleep Quality ◽  
Subjective Sleep Quality

Abstract Background Currently, there is no consistent understanding of the relationship between depression and sleep quality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study aimed to explore the correlation between depression and sleep quality in SLE patients. Methods Five English (PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL) databases were systematically searched from inception to January 12, 2021. Two authors independently screened publications and extracted data according to set inclusion and exclusion criteria. Statistical analyses were performed with STATA 16.0. Data were pooled using a random-effects model. Results A total of 9 identified studies matched the inclusion criteria, reporting on 514 patients with SLE in the analysis. A moderate correlation of depression with sleep quality was found (pooled r = 0.580 [0.473, 0.670]). Compared to good sleepers, patients with SLE and poor sleep quality had higher levels of depression (standardized mean difference =  − 1.28 [− 1.87, − 0.69]). Depression was associated with subjective sleep quality (r = 0.332 [0.009, 0.592]), sleep latency (r = 0.412 [0.101, 0.649]), sleep disturbances (r = 0.405 [0.094, 0.645]), daytime dysfunction (r = 0.503 [0.214, 0.711]), the four dimensions of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), while no significant correlation was found in the other three PSQI dimensions. Conclusion Depression had a moderate correlation with sleep quality in patients with SLE. Patients with poor sleep quality tended to have higher level of depression than that of good sleepers. Awareness of the correlation may help rheumatology physicians and nurses to assess and prevent depression and improve sleep quality in patients with SLE.

534 Food Insecurity and Sleep Health by Race/Ethnicity and Age Group in the United States

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A211-A211
Author(s):  
Nyree Riley ◽  
Dana Alhasan ◽  
W Braxton Jackson ◽  
Chandra Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
The United States ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
High Food ◽  
Short Sleep Duration ◽  
Sleep Health ◽  
Falling Asleep

Abstract Introduction Food insecurity may influence sleep through poor mental health (e.g., depression) and immune system suppression. Although prior studies have found food insecurity to be associated with poor sleep, few studies have investigated the food security-sleep association among racially/ethnically diverse participants and with multiple sleep dimensions. Methods Using National Health Interview Survey data, we examined overall, age-, sex/gender-, and racial/ethnic-specific associations between food insecurity and sleep health. Food security was categorized as very low, low, marginal, and high. Sleep duration was categorized as very short (&lt;6 hours), short (&lt;7 hours), recommended (7–9 hours), and long (≥9 hours). Sleep disturbances included trouble falling and staying asleep, insomnia symptoms, waking up feeling unrested, and using sleep medication (all ≥3 days/times in the previous week). Adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and other confounders, we used Poisson regression with robust variance to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for sleep dimensions by very low, low, and marginal vs. high food security. Results The 177,435 participants’ mean age was 47.2±0.1 years, 52.0% were women, 68.4% were Non-Hispanic (NH)-White. Among individuals reporting very low food security, 75.4% had an annual income of &lt;$35,000 and 60.3% were ≥50 years old. After adjustment, very low vs. high food security was associated with a higher prevalence of very short (PR=2.61 [95%CI: 2.44–2.80]) and short (PR=1.66 [95% CI: 1.60–1.72]) sleep duration. Very low vs. high food security was associated with both trouble falling asleep (PR=2.21 [95% CI: 2.12–2.30]) and trouble staying asleep (PR=1.98 [95% CI: 1.91–2.06]). Very low vs. high food security was associated with higher prevalence of very short sleep duration among Asians (PR=3.64 [95% CI: 2.67–4.97]), Whites (PR=2.73 [95% CI: 2.50–2.99]), Blacks (PR=2.03 [95% CI: 1.80–2.31]), and Hispanic/Latinxs (PR=2.65 [95% CI: 2.30–3.07]). Conclusion Food insecurity was associated with poor sleep in a diverse sample of the US population. Support (if any):

scholarly journals Altered sleep behavior in a genetic mouse model of impaired fear extinction

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Maria Fritz ◽  
Matthias Kreuzer ◽  
Alp Altunkaya ◽  
Nicolas Singewald ◽  
Thomas Fenzl
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Inbred Mouse Strain ◽  
Emotional Memory ◽  
Fear Extinction ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Secondary Symptom ◽  
Sleep Behavior

AbstractSleep disturbances are a common complaint of anxiety patients and constitute a hallmark feature of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Emerging evidence suggests that poor sleep is not only a secondary symptom of anxiety- and trauma-related disorders but represents a risk factor in their development, for example by interfering with emotional memory processing. Fear extinction is a critical mechanism for the attenuation of fearful and traumatic memories and multiple studies suggest that healthy sleep is crucial for the formation of extinction memories. However, fear extinction is often impaired in anxiety- and trauma-related disorders—an endophenotype that is perfectly modelled in the 129S1/SvImJ inbred mouse strain. To investigate whether these mice exhibit altered sleep at baseline that could predispose them towards maladaptive fear processing, we compared their circadian sleep/wake patterns to those of typically extinction-competent C57BL/6 mice. We found significant differences regarding diurnal distribution of sleep and wakefulness, but also sleep architecture, spectral features and sleep spindle events. With regard to sleep disturbances reported by anxiety- and PTSD patients, our findings strengthen the 129S1/SvImJ mouse models’ face validity and highlight it as a platform to investigate novel, sleep-focused diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Whether the identified alterations causally contribute to its pathological anxiety/PTSD-like phenotype will, however, have to be addressed in future studies.

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