Effects of Exogenous Application of Indole-3-Butyric Acid on Maize Plants Under Cadmium Stress
Abstract Exogenously-applied auxins can alleviate the toxicity of various metals and improve a plant’s tolerance to stress. Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic metal that has a wide range of negative effects on plants. The mechanisms that result in the positive effects of auxins on stressed plants are still not fully understood. In the present study, we found that the application of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) in concentration 10− 9 M had positive effect on the plants cultivated in the presence of Cd. IBA caused changes in the growth and morphology of the maize also under non-stress conditions; hence, we were able to select three concentrations of IBA (10− 7 M as inhibitory, 10− 8 M as non-effective, and 10− 11 M as stimulatory). Cadmium treatment increased the concentration of H2O2 and the activity of the antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and catalase (CAT), while IBA (10− 9 M) ameliorated its negative effects. IBA affected the content of macronutrients and micronutrients in roots in relation to the concentration of applied IBA and the presence of Cd in the solution. The heatmap visualises the differences between the Cd and Cd + IBA effects on all parameters studied, and indicates the positive effects of IBA (10− 9 M) during Cd stress.