scholarly journals Eugenol Mediated Inhibition of Biofilm Formed by S. Aureus a Potent Organism for Pediatric Digestive System Diseases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
KaiHua Ni ◽  
Danlei Cai ◽  
Jianhong Lu ◽  
Jianmei Tian
Keyword(s):  
Uv Spectroscopy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Untreated Sample ◽  
Ir Studies ◽  
Maximum Inhibition ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Ocimum Tenuiflorum ◽  
Digestive System Diseases

Abstract Ocimum tenuiflorum (KT) is a common ethno-botanical plant of the south-east Asia. The ethnic communities of these regions use the various parts of the plants specially the leaves for the treatment of various ailments like cold and flu, chronic infections and surface ailments. The leaves of these plants are consumed to act as immune boosters in the body. With this ethnical background we performed the antimicrobial and antibiofilm potential of the methanolic extract of Ocimum tenuiflorum (KT) against biofilm formed by S. aureus biofilm. The biofilm formed by S. aureus is a potent cause for the development of gastro-intestinal (GI) associated chronic infection. The extract from the KT leaf was analyzed using UV spectroscopy and HPLC to confirm the presence of the active ingredients present within the extract. The HPLC and GC-MS studies revealed the presence of eugenol and linalool in a greater proportion having the maximum drug like properties. It was observed that KT showed maximum inhibition of biofilm, protein and carbohydrate being present with the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). Interestingly, the maximum inhibition to the quorum sensing (QS) and the genomic DNA, RNA content was reduced by eugenol and linalool in comparison to the plant extract. The studies were supported by in-silico interaction between eugenol and linalool with the QS proteins of S. aureus. The studies were further confirmed with microscopic studies SEM and FCM. The IR studies also confirmed much reduction in biofilm when treated with eugenol, linalool and KT with respect to the untreated sample.

Autopsy on the mummy of "Fin-Renard", Bourges (France)

2005 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Thillaud ◽  
Yves Glon ◽  
Philippe Charlier ◽  
Jean-Noel Vignal
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Petite Enfance ◽  
Methods And Techniques ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Roman Antiquity

Discovered in 1908 in a lead coffin conserved in a stone sarcophagus, the mummy of the “Fin-Renard” from Bourges, central France, was immediately identified as that of a gallo-roman child. The circumstances of his death as the extraordinary conservation of his body were the object of many conclusions related to contemporaneous medicohistorical knowledge and limited by partial investigation potentiality. The preparation of the exhibition Maternité et petite enfance dans l’Antiquité Romaine” (“Maternity and childhood in Roman Antiquity”) presented at the Museum d’Histoire Naturelle at Bourges in 2003/2004 necessitated the reexamination of the body. The application of the most actual paleopathological methods and techniques permitted a more precise observation of this unique but surprising French specimen. However, after many radiographic, scannographic, fibroscopic and microscopic studies, the little mummy conserves many of its mysteries

scholarly journals Investigating Understandings of Antibiotics and Antimicrobial Resistance in Diverse Ethnic Communities in Australia: Findings from a Qualitative Study

Antibiotics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Whittaker ◽  
Davina Lohm ◽  
Chris Lemoh ◽  
Allen C. Cheng ◽  
Mark Davis
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
The Body ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Migrant Communities ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Use Of Medical Services

This paper explores the understandings of antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among ethnically diverse informants in Melbourne, Australia. A total of 31 face-to-face semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with a sample of ethnic in-patients who were admitted with an acquired antimicrobial infection in a public hospital (n = 7); five hospital interpreters; and ethnic members of the general community (n = 19) as part of a broader study of lay understandings of AMR. Thematic analysis revealed there was poor understanding of AMR, even among informants being treated for AMR infections. Causes of the increasing incidence of AMR were attributed to: weather fluctuations and climate change; a lack of environmental cleanliness; and the arrival of new migrant groups. Asian informants emphasized the need for humoral balance. Antibiotics were viewed as ‘strong’ medicines that could potentially disrupt this balance and weaken the body. Travel back to countries of origin sometimes involved the use of medical services and informants noted that some community members imported antibiotics from overseas. Most used the internet and social media to source health information. There is a lack of information in their own languages. More attention needs to be given to migrant communities who are vulnerable to the development, transmission and infection with resistant bacteria to inform future interventions.

scholarly journals Early Blood Chemistry in Britain and France

2001 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 2166-2178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noel G Coley
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Globular Structure ◽  
Humoral Pathology ◽  
Claude Bernard ◽  
Microscopic Studies

Abstract I review here key research in the early years of the field of blood chemistry. The review includes successes and limitations of animal chemistry in the critical period of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Eighteenth century medical theories emphasized the primacy of body solids. Body fluids were governed by the tenets of humoral pathology. After Boerhaave sparked interest in the chemistry of the body fluids, a new humoralism developed. With the rise of animal chemistry in the eighteenth century, two complementary ideas came into play. The concept of vital force was introduced in 1774, and the chemical composition of animal matters, including the blood, began to be investigated. In the early nineteenth century, the development of new methods of analysis encouraged such chemical studies. Prominent chemists led the field, and physicians also became involved. Physiologists were often opposed to the chemical tradition, but François Magendie recognized the importance of chemistry in physiology. Liebig linked the formation and functions of the blood to general metabolism and so extended the scope of animal chemistry from 1842. About the same time, microscopic studies led to discoveries of the globular structure of the blood, and Magendie’s famous pupil, Claude Bernard, began the animal chemistry studies that led him to new discoveries in hematology. This review addresses discoveries, controversies, and errors that relate to the foundations of clinical chemistry and hematology and describes contributions of instrumental investigators.

scholarly journals RADIOACTIVE IRON ABSORPTION IN CLINICAL CONDITIONS: NORMAL, PREGNANCY, ANEMIA, AND HEMOCHROMATOSIS

1942 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. Balfour ◽  
P. F. Hahn ◽  
W. F. Bale ◽  
W. T. Pommerenke ◽  
G. H. Whipple
Keyword(s):  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Red Marrow ◽  
Absorption Studies ◽  
Normal Absorption ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Clinical Conditions

Radio iron is a tool which makes iron absorption studies quite accurate in dogs and reasonably satisfactory in human beings. This method is vastly superior to others previously used. Normal human pregnancy without significant anemia may show active radio iron absorption—16 to 27 per cent of iron intake. The pregnant woman as a rule shows 2 to 10 times the normal absorption of radio iron. Diseased states in which iron stores are known to be very abundant—pernicious anemia, hemochromatosis, familial icterus, and Mediterranean anemia —show very little absorption, probably less than normal. This is in spite of a severe anemia in all conditions except hemochromatosis. Chronic infections in spite of anemia show no utilization of radio iron, whether it may be absorbed or not. Leukemia shows little utilization of radio iron in red cells in spite of absorption (autopsy), probably because of white cells choking the red marrow. Polycythemia shows very low values for iron absorption as do normal persons. Two pregnant women showed only normal iron absorption. We believe that reserve stores of iron in the body, rather than anemia, control iron absorption. This control is exerted upon the gastro-intestinal mucosa which can refuse or accept iron under various conditions.

scholarly journals A NEW ELECTRON-DENSE STAIN FOR ELASTIC TISSUE

1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 697-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
ERNEST N. ALBERT ◽  
EVERLY FLEISCHER
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
The Body ◽  
Elastic Tissue ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Specific Staining ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Specific Affinity

Tetraphenylporphine sulfonate has been shown to have a specific affinity for elastic tissues of the body in fluorescence microscopy. However, tetraphenylporphine sulfonate does not impart electron density to this tissue and thus is not suitable for electron microscopic studies. Therefore, tetraphenylporphine sulfonate was complexed with various heavy metals in order to use it as a specific stain for elastic tissues in electron microscopy. The silver and gold metallic complexes gave the most consistent and specific staining reactions. These compounds were prepared in this laboratory. The synthesis and staining procedures are described in detail.

scholarly journals Infectious agents are associated with psychiatric diseases

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Lydia Krause ◽  
Elif Weidinger ◽  
Judith Matz ◽  
Agnes Wildenauer ◽  
Jenny Katharina Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
The Body ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Immune Parameters ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Simplex Virus

There are several infectious agents in the environment that can cause persistent infections in the host. They usually cause their symptoms shortly after first infection and later persist as silent viruses and bacteria within the body. However, these chronic infections may play an important role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and Tourette's syndrome (TS). We investigated the distribution of different neurotrophic infectious agents in TS, schizophrenia and controls. A total of 93 individuals were included (schizophrenic patients, Tourette patients and controls). We evaluated antibodies against cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes-simplex virus (HSV), Epstein-Barr virus, Toxoplasma, Mycoplasma and Chlamydia trachomatis/pneumoniae. By comparing schizophrenia and TS, we found a higher prevalence of HSV (P=0.017) and CMV (P=0.017) antibodies in schizophrenic patients. Considering the relationship between schizophrenia, TS and healthy controls, we showed that there are associations for Chlamydia trachomatis (P=0.007), HSV (P=0.027) and CMV (P=0.029). When all measured viruses, bacteria and protozoa were combined, schizophrenic patients had a higher rate of antibodies to infectious agents than TS patients (P=0.049). Tourette and schizophrenic patients show a different vulnerability to infectious agents. Schizophrenic patients were found to have a higher susceptibility to viral infections than individuals with TS. This finding might point to a modification in special immune parameters in these diseases.

scholarly journals Copper-binding anticancer peptides from the piscidin family: an expanded mechanism that encompasses physical and chemical bilayer disruption

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatih Comert ◽  
Frank Heinrich ◽  
Ananda Chowdhury ◽  
Mason Schoeneck ◽  
Caitlin Darling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Membranes ◽  
Uv Spectroscopy ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Copper Binding ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Host Defense Peptides ◽  
Anticancer Peptides ◽  
Acyl Chains ◽  
Physical And Chemical

AbstractIn the search for novel broad-spectrum therapeutics to fight chronic infections, inflammation, and cancer, host defense peptides (HDPs) have garnered increasing interest. Characterizing their biologically-active conformations and minimum motifs for function represents a requisite step to developing them into efficacious and safe therapeutics. Here, we demonstrate that metallating HDPs with Cu2+ is an effective chemical strategy to improve their cytotoxicity on cancer cells. Mechanistically, we find that prepared as Cu2+-complexes, the peptides not only physically but also chemically damage lipid membranes. Our testing ground features piscidins 1 and 3 (P1/3), two amphipathic, histidine-rich, membrane-interacting, and cell-penetrating HDPs that are α-helical bound to membranes. To investigate their membrane location, permeabilization effects, and lipid-oxidation capability, we employ neutron reflectometry, impedance spectroscopy, neutron diffraction, and UV spectroscopy. While P1-apo is more potent than P3-apo, metallation boosts their cytotoxicities by up to two- and seven-fold, respectively. Remarkably, P3-Cu2+ is particularly effective at inserting in bilayers, causing water crevices in the hydrocarbon region and placing Cu2+ near the double bonds of the acyl chains, as needed to oxidize them. This study points at a new paradigm where complexing HDPs with Cu2+ to expand their mechanistic reach could be explored to design more potent peptide-based anticancer therapeutics.

scholarly journals Metallated Anticancer Peptides: An Expanded Mechanism that Encompasses Physical and Chemical Bilayer Disruption

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatih Comert ◽  
Frank Heinrich ◽  
Ananda Chowdhury ◽  
Mason Schoeneck ◽  
Caitlin Darling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Membranes ◽  
Uv Spectroscopy ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Host Defense Peptides ◽  
Anticancer Peptides ◽  
Acyl Chains ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Chemical Strategy

Abstract In the search for novel broad-spectrum therapeutics to fight chronic infections, inflammation, and cancer, host defense peptides (HDPs) have garnered increasing interest. Characterizing their biologically-active conformations and minimum motifs for function represents a requisite step to developing them into efficacious and safe therapeutics. Here, we demonstrate that metallating HDPs is an effective chemical strategy to improve their cytotoxicity on cancer cells. Mechanistically, we find that the metallated peptides not only physically but also chemically damage lipid membranes. Our testing ground features piscidins 1 and 3 (P1/3), two amphipathic, histidine-rich, membrane-interacting, and cell-penetrating HDPs that are α-helical bound to membranes. To investigate their membrane location, permeabilization effects, and lipid-oxidation capability, we employ neutron reflectometry, impedance spectroscopy, neutron diffraction, and UV spectroscopy. While P1-apo is more potent than P3-apo, metallation boosts their cytotoxicities by up to two-and seven-fold, respectively. Remarkably, P3 is particularly effective at inserting its metallated motif in bilayers, causing water crevices in the hydrocarbon region and placing Cu 2+ near the double bonds of the acyl chains, as needed to oxidize them. This study points at a new paradigm where metallating HDPs to expand their mechanistic reach could be explored to design more potent peptide-based anticancer therapeutics.

Liver involvement in patients with coeliac disease: proof of causality using IgA/anti-TG2 colocalisation techniques

2021 ◽  
pp. jclinpath-2020-206735
Author(s):  
Rimlee Dutta ◽  
Asif Iqbal ◽  
Prasenjit Das ◽  
Jayanth Kumar ◽  
Alka Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coeliac Disease ◽  
The Body ◽  
Liver Involvement ◽  
Sinusoidal Dilatation ◽  
Confocal Immunofluorescence ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Liver Biopsies ◽  
Duodenal Biopsies

AimsDespite clinical evidence of liver involvement in patients with coeliac disease (CeD), there is a lack of a method to prove this association.MethodsOf 146 treatment-naive patients with CeD, 26 had liver dysfunction. Liver biopsies and corresponding small intestinal biopsies were obtained from these 26 patients. Multicolour immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence confocal microscopic studies were performed on paraffin-embedded tissue to detect the IgA/anti-TG2 deposits. Follow-up liver biopsies were taken after a gluten-free diet.ResultsTwenty-six out of the 146 patients (17.8%) with suspected coeliac-associated liver disease on histological examination revealed irregular sinusoidal dilatation in 15 (57.6%), steatohepatitis in 4 (15.3%), non-specific chronic hepatitis in 3 (11.5%), autoimmune hepatitis in 2 (7.6%) biopsies, including cirrhosis in one of them, irregular perisinusoidal fibrosis and changes of non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis in one biopsy each (3.8%). IgA/anti-tTG deposits were observed in 22 (84.6%) liver biopsies by dual immunohistochemistry technique, and in 24 (92.3%) by confocal immunofluorescence technique and in all corresponding duodenal biopsies (100%). Overall, IgA/anti-tTG deposits showed 100% sensitivity, 77% specificity and 85% positive predictive value for establishing an association of extraintestinal pathology and CeD using archived tissues. Follow-up liver biopsies could be obtained in five patients; four of them showed not only resolution of the histological lesions but disappearance of IgA/anti-tTG co-localisation.ConclusionsData of the present study adds to the body of evidence that liver lesions in patients with CeD are disease related and may have been caused by a similar pathogenic mechanism that causes intestinal changes.

scholarly journals Histology and histochemistry of the reproductive potential of Acartia clausi (copepoda: calanoida)

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (S4) ◽  
pp. 91-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Morgado ◽  
S. Terdalkar ◽  
J.R. Gadelha ◽  
M.L. Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
The Body ◽  
Population Fluctuations ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Acartia Clausi ◽  
Key Species ◽  
Microscopic Studies

The seasonal fluctuations in zooplankton densities in temperate climates have been long known and the multiplicity of performed studies identified a vast number of factors responsible for these phenomena, such as changes in the physico-chemical factors and other such types of environmental forces governing them. Acartia clausi is a euryaline temperate-boreal species very common in the Portuguese coastal ecosystems, in both estuarine and coastal waters. It is usually described as a temperate water species of neritic calanoid copepod, which is associated with warmer water regions, and as a result becomes more abundant in the summer months, reaching a biomass maximum during the months of July and August. Growth and egg production have been studied extensively in some Acartia species. In the present study histology and histochemistry were selected to determine the reproductive potential of A. clausi.The ovigerous females were identified with a binocular microscope, isolated and fixed in the Bouin’s solution for histological (5 om thickness, mounting and Haematoxylin - Eosin staining) and histochemical analysis (Periodic Acid Schiff method (PAS) with Haematoxylin as a counter stain for the identification of the carbohydrate content and vitellogenic oocytes. The size of the oocytes was evaluated through measurements made with a micrometer.The microscopic studies and Image analysis indicated that, in the month of September, the majority of the oocytes were immature and had reduced or almost negligible carbohydrate contents with very few vitellogenic oocytes (Figure 1 A and B), while the specimens from the month of March exhibited a large difference in the oocyte dimensions. These were mature and more vitellogenic and occupied almost half the volume of the body (Figure 1 C, D and E). This shows that, during the month of September, the environmental conditions are not favorable for the maturation of gonads in these species while in the month of March they proliferate and the species shows a high degree of reproductive potential.This work forms a valid approach in understanding the population fluctuations and reproductive status in a key species of copepod showing a particular temporal variation associated with its reproductive strategy.

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