scholarly journals Removing Ammonium From Contaminated Water Using Purolite C100E: Batch, Column, and Household Filter Studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dai Quyet Truong ◽  
Paripurnanda Loganathan ◽  
Le Minh Tran ◽  
Duc Loi Vu ◽  
Tien Vinh Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Cation Exchange Resin ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Filtration Velocity ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Ammonium Concentration ◽  
Fluidised Bed ◽  
Ammonium Removal ◽  
Drinking Water Standard

Abstract Ammonium removal from drinking water to protect human and environmental health is one of the major global concerns. This study evaluates the performance of Purolite C100E, a commercial cation exchange resin, on eliminating ammonium in synthetic and real contaminated groundwater. The results demonstrate that the pH operation range of the resin for better ammonium removal is 3 to 8, while the optimum contact time was about 30 min. The kinetics of the ammonium removal process followed both the Pseudo-first order and Pseudo-second order models. Equilibrium data of ammonium removal fitted both the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models with the maximum Langmuir ion exchange capacities for initial ammonium concentrations of 10-200 mg/L and 50-2000 mg/L reaching 18.37 mg/g and 40.16 mg/g, respectively. The presence of co-ions in the water reduced the ammonium removal efficiencies in the order Mg2+> Ca2+> K+. The maximum exchange capacity in the fluidised bed studies of the original Purolite C100E (bed height 27 cm, resin weight 75 g, initial ammonium concentration 17.4 mg/L, filtration velocity 0.5 m/h) was 10.48 mg/g. It progressively reduced slightly after three regeneration cycles to 8.79 mg/g. The column breakthrough data satisfactorily fitted the Thomas model. A household filter cartridge packed with 4 kg Purolite C100E (80 cm height) and operated at a filtration velocity of 1.9 m/h in Vietnam successfully reduced the initial 6 mg NH4+/L in groundwater (after sand filter pre-treatment) to well below the Vietnam drinking water standard (3 mg/L) continuously for one week.

scholarly journals Enhanced ammonium removal efficiency by ion exchange process of synthetic zeolite after Na+ and heat pretreatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 1417-1425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyujin Ham ◽  
Beom Seok Kim ◽  
Kwon-Young Choi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Synthetic Zeolite ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Adsorptive Capacity ◽  
Ammonium Concentration ◽  
Zeolite A ◽  
Ammonium Removal

Abstract In this study, the optimum ammonium removal by activation of synthetic zeolite in the aqueous phase was investigated by batch ion exchange adsorption assay, and its surface changes due to activation modification was elucidated accordingly. Among the adsorbents examined, modified synthetic zeolite A-4 was the most effective at ammonium removal. The best activation condition of zeolite A-4 was established by Na+ and 300 °C heat treatment at pH around 6 to 7. Besides, the removal efficiency was investigated under various reaction conditions of pH, adsorbent dosage, stirring speed, and initial ammonium concentration. Finally, the adsorptive capacity Qe of synthetic zeolite A-4 activated by Na+ and heat treatment was determined as 31.9 mg/g at 1,000 mg-N/L of ammonium, whereas that of natural zeolite was measured as 16.0 mg/g. The obtained adsorption data was fitted to both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, and the Langmuir isotherm model provided a better correspondence than the Freundlich isotherm. Finally, regeneration cycles for synthetic zeolite A-4 was determined for further industrial applications and efficient ammonium removal.

scholarly journals Coke-Based Carbon Sorbent: Results of Gold Extraction in Laboratory and Pilot Tests

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Yefremova ◽  
Alma Terlikbayeva ◽  
Abdurassul Zharmenov ◽  
Askhat Kablanbekov ◽  
Lara Bunchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Noble Metals ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Carbon Sorbent ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Gold Extraction ◽  
Dynamic Exchange

Coke-based carbon sorbent (CBCS) was produced using special coke fines with the following characteristics: ash, 4.5%; iodine adsorption capacity, 52%; specific surface area, 600 m2 g−1; and total pore volume, 0.4 cm3 g−1. Gold adsorption from real production cyanide solutions in batch and column laboratory experiments was studied. The optimum adsorbent/solution ratio was 0.2 g/20 cm3. Sorption equilibrium occurred after 60 min of phase-time contact. The CBCS maximum adsorption capacity for gold was found to be 1.2 mg g−1. Both the Langmiur and Freundlich isotherm models confirmed that gold adsorption by CBCS proceeds favorably, but the Freundlich isotherm best describes the adsorption equilibrium. The CBCS dynamic exchange capacity (100 g t−1) and full dynamic exchange capacity (4600 g t−1) for gold were determined in column tests. It was revealed using SEM that adsorbate was retained in sorbent pores. The possibility of completely eluting gold from CBCS was demonstrated. A CBCS pilot test to recover gold from 200 dm3 of the cyanide solution containing (mg dm−3) 2.6 Au, 0.42 Ag, and 490 Cu was carried out. The total amount of noble metals (Au + Ag) adsorbed was 99.99% and gold ions was 94%. The CBCS maximum adsorption capacity for gold reached 2900 g t−1.

Ammonium removal from anaerobic digester effluent by ion exchange

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Wirthensohn ◽  
F. Waeger ◽  
L. Jelinek ◽  
W. Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Ammonium Concentration ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Ammonium Removal ◽  
Anaerobic Digester Effluent ◽  
Cation Exchange Resins ◽  
Exchange Resins

The effluent of a 500 kW biogas plant is treated with a solid separation, a micro filtration and a reverse osmosis to achieve nutrient recovery and an effluent quality which should meet disposal quality into public water bodies. After the reverse osmosis, the ammonium concentration is still high (NH4-N = 467 mg/l), amongst other cations (K+=85 mg/l; Na+=67 mg/l; Mg2 + =0.74 mg/l; Ca2 + =1.79 mg/l). The aim of this study was to remove this ammonium by ion exchange. Acidic gel cation exchange resins and clinoptilolite were tested in column experiments to evaluate their capacity, flow rates and pH. Amberjet 1,500 H was the most efficient resin, 57 BV of the substrate could be treated, 1.97 mol NH4-N/l resin were removed. The ammonium removal was more than 99% and the quality of the effluent was very satisfactory (NH4-N < 2 mg/l). The breakthrough of the observed parameters happened suddenly, the order was sodium—pH—ammonium—potassium. The sharp increase of the pH facilitates the online control, while the change in conductivity is less significant. A regeneration with 3 bed volumes of 2  M HCl recovered 91.7% of the original cation exchange capacity.

scholarly journals Synthesis of DMEA-Grafted Anion Exchange Membrane for Adsorptive Discharge of Methyl Orange from Wastewaters

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Muhammad Imran Khan ◽  
Abdallah Shanableh ◽  
Javier Fernandez ◽  
Mushtaq Hussain Lashari ◽  
Shabnam Shahida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Methyl Orange ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Anion Exchange Membrane ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Endothermic Process ◽  
Exchange Membrane

This manuscript describes the synthesis of dimethylethanolamine (DMEA)-grafted anion exchange membrane (AEM) by incorporating dimethylethanolamine as ion-exchange content into the polymer matrix via the solution casting method. The synthesis of the DMEA-grafted AEM was demonstrated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The prepared DMEA-grafted AEM exhibited higher thermal stability, homogeneous morphology, water uptake (WR) of 115%, and an ion exchange capacity (IEC) of 2.70 meq/g. It was used for the adsorptive removal of methyl orange (MO) from an aqueous solution via batch processing. The effect of several operating factors, including contact time, membrane dosage, initial concentration of aqueous dye solution, and temperature on the percentage discharge of MO and adsorption capacity, was evaluated. Experimental data for adsorption of MO onto the DMEA-grafted AEM was analyzed with two parameter and three parameter nonlinear adsorption isotherm models but fitted best using a nonlinear Freundlich isotherm. Adsorption kinetics were studied by using several models, and attained results showed that experimental data fitted well to pseudo-second-order kinetics. A thermodynamic study showed that adsorption of MO onto the prepared DMEA-grafted AEM was an endothermic process. Moreover, it was a feasible and spontaneous process.

scholarly journals Iron Oxide (Fe3O4)-Supported SiO2 Magnetic Nanocomposites for Efficient Adsorption of Fluoride from Drinking Water: Synthesis, Characterization, and Adsorption Isotherm Analysis

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1514
Author(s):  
Amna Sarwar ◽  
Jin Wang ◽  
Muhammad Saqib Khan ◽  
Umar Farooq ◽  
Nadia Riaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Magnetic Nanomaterials ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Wet Impregnation ◽  
Adsorption Capacities ◽  
Adsorption Data

This research work reports the magnetic adsorption of fluoride from drinking water through silica-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Chemical precipitation and wet impregnation methods were employed to synthesize the magnetic nanomaterials. Moreover, the synthesized nanomaterials were characterized for physicochemical properties through scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray powder diffraction. Screening studies were conducted to select the best iron oxide loading (0.0–1.5 wt%) and calcination temperature (300–500 °C). The best selected nanomaterial (0.5Fe-Si-500) showed a homogenous FeO distribution with a 23.79 nm crystallite size. Moreover, the optimized reaction parameters were: 10 min of contact time, 0.03 g L−1 adsorbent dose, and 10 mg L−1 fluoride (F−) concentration. Adsorption data were fitted to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The Qm and KF (the maximum adsorption capacities) values were 5.5991 mg g−1 and 1.869 L g−1 respectively. Furthermore, accelerated adsorption with shorter contact times and high adsorption capacity at working pH was among the outcomes of this research work.

Isolation, Identification and Characterization of Heterotrophic Nitrifying Bacteria from Surface Water

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 406-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duo Ying Zhang ◽  
Wei Guang Li ◽  
Wen Qin ◽  
Xiao Fei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Concentration ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Songhua River ◽  
Ammonium Removal ◽  
Heterotrophic Nitrifying Bacteria

For reducing ammonium concentration and guaranteeing safe drinking water, three heterotrophic bacteria were isolated from the Songhua River, which were SFA6, SFA7 and SFA11. When the initial ammonium concentration was about 130 mg/L, the ammonium removal rate of the strains SFA7, SFA6 and SFA 11 were 1.54 mg NH4+/L/h, 1.20 mg NH4+/L/h and 1.27 mg NH4+/L/h respectively at 8 °C. The 16S rDNA sequence results revealed that the strain SFA6 wasBacillus subtilis, SFA7 wasPseudomonas putida, and SFA11 showed similarity toPseudomonas nitroreducens. The biochemical characteristics of SFA6 were quite different from that of SFA7 and SFA11. After 48 h degradation, the NH4+-N (about 5 mg/L) was consumed to 0.23±0.15 mg/L, 0.37±0.20 mg/Land 0.58±0.17 mg/L by the strains SFA6, SFA7 and SFA11, with little NO3--N and NO2--N accumulation. Above all, the strains SFA6, SFA7 and SFA11 could be used in drinking water treatment at 8 °C. The strain SFA6 showed the highest ammonium removal efficiency.

scholarly journals Adsorption of l-α-glycerophosphocholine on ion-exchange resin: Equilibrium, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 275-282
Author(s):  
Hongya Li ◽  
Biao Yan ◽  
Yajun Ma ◽  
Xiangrong Ma ◽  
Xiaoli Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Cation Exchange Resin ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Entropy Change ◽  
Ion Exchange Resin ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Equilibrium Data ◽  
Order Kinetic Model

AbstractThe adsorption of l-α-glycerophosphocholine (GPC) by cation-exchange resin 001 × 7 was studied in a batch system. The adsorbent dosage, shaking speed, and adsorption temperature were investigated. An adsorption efficiency of more than 99.4% was obtained under optimal conditions. The kinetic data evaluated by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model fitted the experimental data better than those evaluated by the pseudo-first-order model. The rate constant k2 increased when the temperature increased, indicating the adsorption was endothermic in nature. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were used to analyze the adsorption equilibrium data, and it was found that the experimental data well fitted the Langmuir isotherm model. The thermodynamic parameters, enthalpy change (ΔG0), free energy change (ΔH0), and entropy change (ΔS0), were calculated. The value of ΔG0 was found to be in the range of −5.09 to −14.20 kJ mol−1, indicating that the adsorption was spontaneous and basically physisorption, and the positive values of ΔH0 and ΔS0 exhibited that the adsorption was endothermic and the randomness of the system increased during the adsorption.

Trace Metal Soil Quality Criteria to Protect Ground Water

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (9-11) ◽  
pp. 2327-2329
Author(s):  
J. Lee ◽  
B. Chen ◽  
H. E. Allen ◽  
C. P. Huang ◽  
D. L. Sparks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Water Quality Standards ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Drinking Water Standard ◽  
Cadmium And Lead ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

A major problem in site remediation is frequently the lack of appropriate standards for pollutants in soil. Lack of standards for an exposure route can result in subjective judgments regarding the extent of remediation needed. These problems are particularly important when considering the potential for groundwater contamination by inorganic materials. The partitioning of trace metals is highly dependent on the nature of the soil and on the solution pH. The maximum level of metal in soil for which the equilibrium soluble metal does not exceed the drinking water standard can be computed, at any pH, from the measured partition coefficient for any metal and soil. The sorption of cadmium and lead onto major types of New Jersey soil has been determined as a function of pH. As the pH decreased, the amount of adsorbed metal decreased. As is conventionally done, we have transformed these data into sorption coefficients (Kd) which are a function of pH. To apply such data in the decision making process, it is necessary to use the Kd and appropriate conditions of soil/groundwater in the environment. The calculation determines the maximum concentration of metal which will not result in exceedence of water quality standards. Thesecriteria can be used as a soil standard which will be protective of groundwater quality. We developed adsorption/desorption relationships in the form of a mathematical model and computed the maximum level of metal in soil for which the equilibrium soluble metal will not exceed the drinking water standards.

scholarly journals Efficiency of Arsenic and Iron Removal Plants (AIRPs) for Groundwater Treatment in Rural Areas of Southwest Bangladesh

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 354
Author(s):  
Md. Aminur Rahman ◽  
Sazal Kumar ◽  
A. S. M. Fazle Bari ◽  
Abhishek Sharma ◽  
Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Cancer Risk Assessment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Drinking Water Standard ◽  
Guideline Value ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

Arsenic (As) removal plants were installed in As-endemic areas of Bangladesh to remove As from well water. In many cases, these removal plants did not perform satisfactorily. This study evaluated the efficiency of 20 As and iron (Fe) removal plants (AIRPs) during pre- and post-monsoon conditions in rural Bangladesh. Results revealed that As removal efficiencies ranged from 67% to 98% and 74 to 93% during the pre- and post-monsoons periods, respectively. In the post-monsoon season As removal at individual AIRP sites was on average (4.01%) greater than in the pre-monsoon season. However, two removal plants were unable to remove As below 50 µg L−1 (Bangladesh drinking water standard) during pre-monsoon, while 11 samples out of 20 were unable to remove As below the WHO provisional guideline value of 10 µg L−1. During post-monsoon, none of the samples exceeded 50 µg L−1, but eight of them exceeded 10 µg L−1. The Fe removal efficiencies of AIRPs were evident in more than 80% samples. Although As removal efficiency was found to be substantial, a cancer risk assessment indicates that hazard quotient (HQ) and carcinogenic risk (CR) of As in treated water for adults and children are above the threshold limits. Thus, additional reductions of As concentrations in treated water are needed to further reduce the excess cancer risk due to As in drinking water. Since 55% and 40% of the AIRPs were unable to remove As < 10 µg L−1 during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon, further improvement including changes in AIRP design, regular cleaning of sludge, and periodic monitoring of water quality are suggested. Future research is needed to determine whether these modifications improve the performance of AIRPs.

Biosorption of Cadmium onto Pseudomonas fluorescens: Application of Isotherm and Kinetic Models

2010 ◽  
Vol 171-172 ◽  
pp. 49-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Li Yu ◽  
Zhi Peng Lu ◽  
Fa Zhi Ge ◽  
Er Li Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Rate Equations ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Kinetics Of Adsorption ◽  
Isotherm And Kinetic Models

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the feasibility of Pseudomonas fluorescens biomass for the removal of cadmium ions from aqueous solutions. Batch experiments were performed to study the adsorption of cadmium on pH, Pseudomonas fluorescens biomass adsorbent with respect to initial Cd(II) concentration, contact time and biomass dose. The experimental data were modeled by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Langmuir model resulted in the best fit of the adsorption data. The maximum adsorption capacity for Cd(II) was 66.25 mg/g (pH 5.0 and 5 g/L biomass dose). Kinetics of adsorption followed second-order rate equations. The FTIR results of Pseudomonas fluorescens biomass showed that biomass has different functional groups and these functional groups are able to react with metal ion in aqueous solution. The results of the present study suggest that Pseudomonas fluorescens biomass can be used beneficially in treating industrial effluents containing heavy metal ions.

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