scholarly journals National and Subnational Drivers for Cooking Energy Consumption in Rural India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anandajit Goswami ◽  
Kaushik Ranjan Bandopadhyay ◽  
Amulya Gurtu
Keyword(s):  
Rural Households ◽  
National Level ◽  
Energy Inequality ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Rural India ◽  
Cooking Energy ◽  
The Government ◽  
Bds Test

Abstract BackgroundThe energy transition pattern in India highlights that cooking continues to be the weakest link in the energy transition process for rural households. The government is trying to subsidize LPG for rural families to increase usage of LPG in India for a clean cooking energy transition. The paper endeavors to fill the void by revisiting the nature and degree of the rural energy transition for cooking in India. MethodologyUsing a multinomial logit model, the potential drivers at the individual household and group level have been identified. The group effect analysis has been conducted purposely to understand if social and cultural norms or -level factors within a village society affect the cooking energy transition of households in rural India and if that prevails over the income effect. At the sub-national level, an estimate of energy inequality has been derived by applying social choice-based Atkinson Inequality measure to examine the connection between higher energy inequality in primary fuel used for cooking and higher income inequality. In addition, the Brock-Dechert-Scheinkman (BDS) test on firewood consumption has been conducted for poor energy households from 38 districts of Bihar, one of the highest energy-poor states, to statistically examine the perceived nonlinearity in the dynamics of energy transition/fuel choice in cooking for rural households. ResultsThe analysis at the national level indicates the importance of local and cultural factors that leads to the nonlinearity in the probability of the switchover from firewood to other clean fuel options. Conclusions SummaryThe paper highlights if subsidies on modern fuel and/or other cooking alternatives alone drive the transition process and examines the validity of the energy ladder hypothesis in the case of rural cooking energy transition and the drivers of the energy transition at the national and sub-national level. Potential ImplicationsThe state-level analysis done for Bihar and across various districts corroborates this finding and provides an important direction towards local context-specific policy-making in the long term.

Adaptive Learning in Deploying National E-District Plan of India

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharadindu Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Learning ◽  
National Level ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Adaptive Governance ◽  
Periodic Review ◽  
Practical Model ◽  
The Government ◽  
Level Monitoring

This article focuses on developing a practical model based on adaptive governance literature for the context of the national e-district plan of the Government of India, which was launched in 2011. The plan has a three-tier implementation structure, a periodic review at a national level, monitoring, and facilitation at the state level and operation at the district level. Different states have implemented the plan in a local context. This article uses the data and minutes of the proceedings that took place over five years of time among the implementation agencies. The findings compile how the plan has contributed to diffusing accountability and bringing efficiency in governance in the context of e-governance in India.

scholarly journals Underlying the Factors of Unmet Need for Family Planning in Indonesia: A Spatial Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Ardiana Irma ◽  
Ekoriano Mario
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Family Size ◽  
National Level ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
The Government ◽  
Barriers To Use

Unmet need for family planning remains a challenge in Indonesia. The Government has incorporated into the 2020-2024 National Medium-term Development Plan, an ambitious target to reduce unmet need from 12,4% in 2018 to 7.4% in 2024. This will require significant effort, while systematic and updated studies explaining the underlying causes are scarce, especially those that look at the level within the diverse characteristics of Indonesia. This study therefore aimed to investigate the fundamental factors contributing to unmet need for family planning, categorized into five dimensions (D): D.1). weak or ambivalent fertility preferences; D.2). generic disapproval of pregnancy prevention; D.3). method-specific barriers to use; D.4). perceived low risk of getting pregnant; and D.5). partner-related factors. This study also mapped the pattern at the sub-national level namely Java-Bali (region 1/R1), outside Java–Bali 1 (region 2/R2) and outside Java-Bali 2 (region 3/R3). Findings show that the level of unmet need is highest in R3 which consists of provinces that started implementing their family planning program much later than provinces in the other two regions.  The study also shows that women between 20-29 years old, with educated husband and larger family size, who consider smaller family size as ideal, are more likely to have unmet need compared to their counterparts in all regions. The likelihood of unmet need is most prominent in the region with the most mature program. The study emphasizes the importance of designing appropriate targeted interventions that are tailored to the local context and not apply a ‘one-size-fits-all’ policy.

scholarly journals Global Energy Transition: Redefining India’s Energy Roadmap

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Girijesh Pant
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transition ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Global Energy ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Effective System ◽  
The Government ◽  
National Boundaries ◽  
Energy Justice

The onset of transition and transformation in the global energy landscape is disrupting the prevailing energy order,defined by the hydrocarbons. The power dynamics unfolded by global environmental concerns (Paris Agreement)and smart technology is changing the geopolitics by shifting the strategic leverage between energy producers andconsumers at various levels: globally, regionally and within the national boundaries. In this strategic shift, the Asianconsumers are emerging as critical players both as promoters and spoilers of global energy transition. Since they arethe largest consumer of fossil fuel, their compliance with Paris Agreement is going to be vital in meeting the targetsand time line. Thus IEA has rightly observed, “Energy developments in India transform the international energysystem, and, in turn, India will be increasingly exposed to changes in international markets.”Clearly the Indian roadmap of energy transition is going to be influenced if not determined by its global commitmentto meet Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC). The government therefore has all reasons to scale upits targets and execution. However in meeting the targets, it has to address the issue of energy poverty as well. Thusthe roadmap has to meet the convergence of minimizing carbon emission meeting the growing energy needs of thepoor. This calls for re defining the organizing principle of India’s energy policy. Besides ensuring supply security ataggregate level it demands meeting the objectives of energy justice. The transition thus involves not only hugefinancing (estimated to be 2.5 trillion dollar) and massive technological push but the compatible institutionalmechanism and effective system of governance also. Indian energy roadmap has to recalibrate global energyengagement beyond the search of hydrocarbons in consonance with the imperatives of energy transition defined byglobal and local context. 

scholarly journals Cooking-energy transition in Nepal: trend review

Clean Energy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipti Paudel ◽  
Marc Jeuland ◽  
and Sunil Prasad Lohani
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transition ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Solid Fuels ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Cooking Energy ◽  
Rapid Transition ◽  
The Government ◽  
Development Objectives ◽  
Solid Biomass

Abstract Clean-cooking energy is key to meeting climate-mitigation goals and a range of development objectives, especially for improving the well-being of women and children. Inefficient burning of solid biomass for cooking releases household air pollution that is hazardous to health, while putting pressure on forest resources. This paper provides an overview of the household-cooking-energy transition in Nepal to date. Despite numerous efforts by the government and other actors to speed this transition, energy data spanning the years 2000–18 reveal that ~69% of households nationwide still rely on solid fuels for cooking today. The proportion of solid-fuel users is especially high in rural regions, reaching >80%. Moreover, if the current rate of progress is not accelerated, the use of solid fuels will remain high even in 2030, preventing the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 7. Cooking-fuel choices are heavily constrained by accessibility, demographic and socio-economic factors. Thus, this paper recommends that evidence-based and integrated policies and strategies be urgently deployed to foster a more effective and rapid transition towards clean energy, which is critical to achieving SDG 7.

Tata kelola internal dan eksternal untuk mengatasi permasalahan pangan di Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Hendriyantore
Keyword(s):  
Good Governance ◽  
National Level ◽  
Open Government ◽  
Agricultural Cooperatives ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Agricultural Cooperative ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Good Access ◽  
Descriptive Method

The effort to put good governance in development in Indonesia is basically not new. Since the Reformation, the transformation of closed government into an open government (inclusive) has begun to be pursued. Highlighting the conflicts in the land sector that tend to strengthen lately, there are some issues that have intensified conflicts in the field, such as the lack of guaranteed land rights in various legal and policy products. In this paper, a descriptive method is considered important in identifying the applicable issue and methodological framework for addressing governance issues in Indonesia. To reduce such agrarian conflicts between farmers and the government, and as an effort to increase farmers' income, all farmers are incorporated into agricultural cooperatives. Agricultural cooperatives are structured down to the National Level. Thus, farmers participate in good access to the marketing of agricultural produce.Keywords:good governance, agrarian conflict, agricultural cooperative

Manajemen Sekolah Adiwiyata (Green School)

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Asep Priatna
Keyword(s):  
Junior High School ◽  
National Level ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
School Program ◽  
West Java ◽  
World Community ◽  
Strategic Issue ◽  
Green School ◽  
The Government ◽  
Environmentally Sound

The issue of environmental pollution has come to the attention of the world community and has become a strategic issue in sustainable development, so it needs to have the support of all parties, including the government, the private sector and educational institutions. Integrated Junior High School Lampang, Subang Regency West Java Indonesia has been implementing the green school program since 2008 and in 2019 it was entrusted by the West Java Education Office to be proposed as a national level green school program. Some achievements as a green school implementing school are private schools that have obtained "A" (exellent) accreditation with a beautiful environment and are able to fulfil 4 (four) components, namely (1) environmentally sound policies, (2) implementation of environment-based curriculum, (3) participatory-based environmental activities and (4) management of environmentally friendly supporting facilities Keywords : Management, green school Isu pencemaran lingkungan hidup telah menjadi perhatian masyarakat dunia dan menjadi isu strategis dalam pembangunan berkelanjutan, sehingga perlu mendapat dukungan semua pihak baik pemerintah, sector swasta maupun lembaga pendidikan. SMPS Terpadu Lampang Kabupaten Subang telah melaksanakan program adiwiyata sejak tahun 2008 dan pada tahun 2019 diberi kepercayaan oleh Dinas Pandidikan Jawa Barat diusulkan sebagai Sekolah Adiwiyata (green school program)  tingkat nasional. Beberapa capaian sebagai sekolah pelaksana green shcool  adalah sekolah swasta yang telah memperoleh akreditasi “A” (Unggul) dengan lingkungan asri dan mampu memenuhi 4 (empat) komponen yaitu (1) kebijakan berwawasan lingkungan, (2) pelaksanaan kurikulum berbasis lingkungan, (3) kegiatan lingkungan berbasis partisipatif dan (4) pengelolaan sarana pendukung ramah lingkungan Kata Kunci : Manajemen, Sekolah Adiwiyata

scholarly journals A Literature Evaluation of Systemic Challenges Affecting the European Maritime Energy Transition

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 715
Author(s):  
Jurrit M. Bergsma ◽  
Jeroen Pruyn ◽  
Geerten van de Kaa
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Developing Strategy ◽  
Economic Prosperity ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Global Nature ◽  
Emission Growth

Energy transition is affecting the European maritime sector at an increasing rate. New technologies and regulations are being introduced with increasing speed. The ability to adapt to these changes is crucial for the economic success of the maritime sector. However, the sector is challenged by inertia due to its global nature and long-life assets (e.g., vessels). These developments result in a globally projected greenhouse gas emission growth rather than a reduction towards 2050. The sector can be considered essential to economic prosperity, but its innovation system should align with global sustainability trends. This article aims to structure and evaluate the maritime sector’s systemic challenges by conducting an extensive systematic review of (sustainable) maritime innovation literature. These findings are structured and discussed via four key activities that support the transition process: developing strategy and policy, creating legitimacy, mobilizing resources, and developing and disseminating knowledge.

scholarly journals Uganda’s increasing dependence on development partner’s support for immunization – a five year resource tracking study (2012 – 2016)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Kamya ◽  
Christabel Abewe ◽  
Peter Waiswa ◽  
Gilbert Asiimwe ◽  
Faith Namugaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
National Level ◽  
Health Financing ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Development Partner ◽  
National Medical ◽  
External Sources ◽  
Lower Health ◽  
Health Accounts ◽  
The Government

Abstract Background In Uganda, there are persistent weaknesses in obtaining accurate, reliable and complete data on local and external investments in immunization to guide planning, financing, and resource mobilization. This study aimed to measure and describe the financial envelope for immunization from 2012 to 2016 and analyze expenditures at sub-national level. Methods The Systems of Health Accounts (SHA) 2011 methodology was used to quantify and map the resource envelope for immunization. Data was collected at national and sub-national levels from public and external sources of immunization. Data were coded, categorized and disaggregated by expenditure on immunization activities using the SHA 2011. Results Over the five-year period, funding for immunization increased fourfold from US$20.4 million in 2012 to US$ 85.6 million in 2016. The Ugandan government was the main contributor (55%) to immunization resources from 2012 to 2014 however, Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance contributed the majority (59%) of the resources to immunization in 2015 and 2016. Majority (66%) of the funds were managed by the National Medical Stores. Over the five-year period, 80% of the funds allocated to immunization activities were spent on facility based routine immunization (expenditure on human resources and outreaches). At sub-national level, districts allocated 15% of their total annual resources to immunization to support supervision of lower health facilities and distribution of vaccines. Health facilities spent 5.5% of their total annual resources on immunization to support outreaches. Conclusion Development partner support has aided the improvement of vaccine coverage and increased access to vaccines however, there is an increasing dependence on this support for a critical national program raising sustainability concerns alongside other challenges like being off-budget and unpredictable. To ensure financial sustainability, there is need to operationalize the immunization fund, advocate and mobilize additional resources for immunization from the Government of Uganda and the private sector, increase the reliability of resources for immunization as well as leverage on health financing reforms like the National Health Insurance.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic determinants and inequalities in the prevalence of non-communicable diseases in Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Khaled Al-Hanawi
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
National Level ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
School Level ◽  
Gulf Region ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Socioeconomic Determinants ◽  
The Government ◽  
Concentration Indices

Abstract Background Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are increasingly becoming a challenge worldwide, causing high mortality and morbidity. Saudi Arabia has one of the highest rates of NCDs globally and the highest in the Arabian Gulf region. Epidemiological data indicate that NCDs are responsible for 70 % of all deaths in Saudi Arabia. The aim of this study was to examine the socioeconomic determinants and inequalities in the prevalence of NCDs in Saudi Arabia. Methods Data from the Saudi Family Health Survey conducted in 2018 by the General Authority for Statistics were used for this study. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to examine the socioeconomic factors associated with the prevalence of NCDs. Moreover, the concentration curve and concentration indices were used to assess inequalities in the prevalence of NCDs. Results Among the 11,527 respondents, the prevalence of NCDs was 32.15 %. The prevalence of NCDs was higher among women and among elderly respondents aged ≥ 60 years. With respect to the determinants of the prevalence of NCDs, the logistic regression results showed that the likelihood of reporting NCDs was lower among people with a higher education (OR: 0.599, 95 % CI: 0.497–0.723, p < 0.01) compared with that of people with an education below the primary school level. Other factors significantly associated with the prevalence of NCDs were age, marital status, nationality, and region of residence. The inequality analysis showed that at the national level, the prevalence of NCDs was concentrated among less educated people (concentration index = − 0.338, p < 0.01), but with significant regional variations. Gender disaggregation showed that both income-based and education-based concentration indices were significantly negative among women, indicating that the prevalence of NCDs is concentrated among women with a lower income level and with less education. Conclusions The findings of this study are important for policymakers to combat both the increasing prevalence of and socio-economic inequalities in NCDs. The government should develop targeted intervention strategies to control NCDs and achieve health equality considering socio-economic status. Future policies should target women and the lower educated population in Saudi Arabia.

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