scholarly journals SARS-CoV 2 (Covid 19) heterogeneous mortality rate across countries may be partly explained by life expectancy, calorie intake and prevalence of diabetes.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smith G. Nkhata ◽  
Theresa Nakoma-Ngoma ◽  
Praise M Chilenga
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Multiple Linear Regressions ◽  
The World ◽  
Human Immunity ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Linear Regressions ◽  
High Calorie

Abstract SARS-CoV 2 continues to disproportionately kill people across the world. To understand the reasons for such heterogeneity, we isolated dietary and environmental factors that can either prime or suppress human immunity. We grouped phytochemical and micronutrient rich food (fruits, vegetable and spices) as immunity primers while smoking, alcohol consumption, pollution, high calorie intake and diabetes as immunity suppressing factors and determined correlations with Covid-19 death per million populations (C19DM) using multiple linear regressions or where necessary, best fit trend lines. We also determined correlations between life expectancy alone or in combination with other factors and C19DM. Based on the data, we found no evidence that immunity primers explain C19DM heterogeneity across countries. This observation did not change even after including immunity suppressing factors in the models. Of all the factors under study, life expectancy (years), calorie intake (Kcal/person/day) and prevalence of diabetes (%) had significant association with C19DM (R2 = 0.301, p < 0.000). Therefore, these three factors should be further explored when trying to understand Covid-19 disproportionate mortality across countries.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV 2 (Covid 19) heterogeneous mortality rate across countries may be partly explained by life expectancy, calorie intake and prevalence of diabetes.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smith G. Nkhata ◽  
Theresa Nakoma-Ngoma ◽  
Praise M Chilenga
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Multiple Linear Regressions ◽  
The World ◽  
Human Immunity ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Linear Regressions ◽  
High Calorie

Abstract SARS-CoV 2 continues to disproportionately kill people across the world. To understand the reasons for such heterogeneity, we isolated dietary and environmental factors that can either prime or suppress human immunity. We grouped phytochemical and micronutrient rich food (fruits, vegetable and spices) as immunity primers while smoking, alcohol consumption, pollution, high calorie intake and diabetes as immunity suppressing factors and determined correlations with Covid-19 death per million populations (C19DM) using multiple linear regressions or where necessary, best fit trend lines. We also determined correlations between life expectancy alone or in combination with other factors and C19DM. Based on the data, we found no evidence that immunity primers explain C19DM heterogeneity across countries. This observation did not change even after including immunity suppressing factors in the models. Of all the factors under study, life expectancy (years), calorie intake (Kcal/person/day) and prevalence of diabetes (%) had significant association with C19DM (R2 = 0.301, p < 0.000). Therefore, these three factors should be further explored when trying to understand Covid-19 disproportionate mortality across countries.

scholarly journals Features of machine learning in the study of the main factors of development of countries of the world

2021 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 02006
Author(s):  
Ludmila Borisova ◽  
Galina Zhukova ◽  
Anna Kuznetsova ◽  
Julie Martin
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Machine Learning Methods ◽  
The World

The paper analyzes the socio-economic and demographic indicators of life expectancy in the countries of the world. Methods of regression analysis and machine learning are used. Statistically significant indicators that affect life expectancy around the world have been identified. When analyzing the data using machine learning methods, 13 of the 14 analyzed indicators were statistically significant. Significant indicators, in addition to those selected in the regression analysis, were 3: the under-five infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), the Net Barter Terms of Trade Index (2000 = 100), and Imports of goods and services (in % of GDP) (in the regression analysis, only the infant death rate was significant). In addition, it should be noted that there is a significant decrease in the under-five infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) for the EU, CIS and South-East Asian countries compared to the border set in the study for all countries: 4.65 vs. 34.9, a decrease in the birth rate from 2.785 to 1.85, a sharp increase in exports of goods and services: from 23.17 to 80.59, a halving in imports of goods and services, a drop in population growth from 2.105 to 0.85. The performed statistical analysis strongly supports the use of machine learning methods in identifying statistically significant relationships between various indicators that characterize the development of countries, if there are gaps in the data.

Does economic freedom improve health outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa?

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 1633-1649
Author(s):  
Anand Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The World ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the impact of economic freedom on four key health indicators (namely, life expectancy, infant mortality rate, under-five mortality rate and neonatal mortality rate) by using a panel dataset of 34 sub-Saharan African countries from 2005 to 2016.Design/methodology/approachThe study obtains data from the World Development Indicators (WDI) of the World Bank and the Fraser Institute. It uses fixed effects regression to estimate the effect of economic freedom on health outcomes and attempts to resolve the endogeneity problems by using two-stage least squares regression (2SLS).FindingsThe results indicate a favourable impact of economic freedom on health outcomes. That is, higher levels of economic freedom reduce mortality rates and increase life expectancy in sub-Saharan Africa. All areas of economic freedom, except government size, have a significant and positive effect on health outcomes.Research limitations/implicationsThis study analyses the effect of economic freedom on health at a broad level. Country-specific studies at a disaggregated level may provide additional information about the impact of economic freedom on health outcomes. Also, this study does not control for some important variables such as education, income inequality and foreign aid due to data constraints.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest that sub-Saharan African countries should focus on enhancing the quality of economic institutions to improve their health outcomes. This may include policy reforms that support a robust legal system, protect property rights, promote free trade and stabilise the macroeconomic environment. In addition, policies that raise urbanisation, increase immunisation and lower the incidence of HIV are likely to produce a substantial improvement in health outcomes.Originality/valueExtant economic freedom-health literature does not focus on endogeneity problems. This study uses instrumental variables regression to deal with endogeneity. Also, this is one of the first attempts to empirically investigate the relationship between economic freedom and health in the case of sub-Saharan Africa.

scholarly journals Tobacco-alcohol consumption, socio-sanitary profile and factors influencing the anthropometric and cardiorespiratory parameters of Kinshasa smokers

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 241-248
Author(s):  
Vuvu Pierre Gaylord Lofuta ◽  
Gael Deboeck ◽  
Mboko Augustin Kipula ◽  
Kalabo Louise Kikontwe ◽  
Bompeka François Lepira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Multiple Linear Regressions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Linear Regressions ◽  
Very High ◽  
Median Amount

Objective: To determine the prevalence of alcoholism and the influence of the associated «tobacco-alcohol» consumption on the anthropometric and cardiorespiratory parameters of some smokers in Kinshasa.   Material and Method: Cross-sectional and prospective study, conducted in Kinshasa from January to October 2017, including 120 tobacco smokers with at least 5 years of service, with a mean age of 36 ± 9 years. The Global Tobacco Surveillance System (GTSS) Validated Adult Tobacco Surveillance Questionnaire has been adapted and used. Socio-demographic, anthropometric, cardiorespiratory parameters and behavioral of consumption were the variables of interest. At the p≤0.05 threshold, correlation and multiple linear regressions allowed for statistical inference.   Results: The sex ratio was 19/1 (M / F), 84.2% of the smokers were alcoholics. The median seniority in smoking and alcohol consumption was 8 years. The median amount of tobacco consumed was 27 pack-years; it was positively correlated with the amount of alcohol consumed, the oldest in smoking and alcoholism. The BMI of smokers was influenced by seniority in smoking and the amount of alcohol consumed (R2 = 0.049, p <0.001). RR rest was influenced by the amount smoked, seniority in tobacco and alcohol (R2 = 0.187, p <0.001). While the DBP was influenced by age, the amount of smoked tobacco, alcohol consumed as well as seniority in smoking and alcoholism (R2 = 0.102, p <0.001).   Conclusion: The prevalence of alcoholism is very high in Kinshasa smokers; this association "tobacco-alcohol" has an influence on their BMI, RR rest and DBP.

scholarly journals Efficacy and Mechanism of Action of Aloe Vera, Cinnamomum Zeylanicum, Curcuma Longa, Garcinia Cambogia, and Garcinia Mangostana Extracts in Lowering Body Weight in Obesity: A Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1791-1797
Author(s):  
Eko Fuji Ariyanto ◽  
Nurul Ovifa Multom ◽  
Afiat Berbudi ◽  
Enny Rohmawaty ◽  
Budi Sujatmiko
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
Cinnamomum Zeylanicum ◽  
Garcinia Cambogia ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
The World ◽  
High Calorie

The habits of today's society, which are influenced by economic growth and globalization have brought new lifestyles, especially those related to diet, resulting in minimal physical activity accompanied by a high calorie intake. This energy imbalance can lead to the metabolic syndrome, including obesity, which is still a burden on the world today. Some plants in Indonesia are believed to help lose weight, such as Aloe vera, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Curcuma longa, Garcinia cambogia, and Garcinia mangostana. This literature review was conducted to determine the effects of Aloe vera, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Curcuma longa, Garcinia cambogia, and Garcinia mangostana on weight loss and preventing obesity. The review of twelve relevant articles concluded that Aloe vera, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Curcuma longa, Garcinia cambogia, and Garcinia mangostana have the potential to prevent and treat obesity but further research is required.

Analisis Persepsi Korupsi Pajak Dan Iklim Organisasi Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi Karyawan

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-180
Author(s):  
Arif Fajar Wibisono ◽  
Yudha Catur Kusuma N
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Climate ◽  
Tax Compliance ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
Multiple Linear Regressions ◽  
Parametric Test ◽  
Tax Corruption ◽  
Linear Regressions

This study aims to determine whether perceptions of corruption and organizational climate affect the compliance of personal taxpayers. This explanatory study used quantitative approach of statistical parametric test and multiple linear regressions with questionnaire instrument. This study involved personal taxpayer in the area of KPP Pratama Kota Surakarta. The result of this study confirms that the perceptions of individual tax corruption and organizational climate affect the compliance of personal taxpayers. The better the organization’s climate in emphasizing tax compliance is, the higher the level of compliance personal taxpayers is. In addition, the higher the level of perception of a person’s corruption of the tax apparatus is severely punished then increasing the compliance of personal taxpayers’ increases.

A Sustainable Approach for Organisational using Strategic Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulla Almazrouei ◽  
◽  
Azlina Md Yassin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Strategic Management ◽  
Crime Rate ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Abu Dhabi ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World

Strategic management have gained popularity in the public institutions to foster good delivery service to the public. The strategic planning enables organizations to establish a strategic match between the internal competency, resources and external environment. Majority of the successful organizations across the world use strategic management and planning as a tool that enables to optimize the operations and achieve maximum productivity with the resources. This paper reviewed on strategic management for organisations in Abu Dhabi especially for Abu Dhabi Police (ADP) force. It presents three strategic management theories which can be adopted by an organisation. This would help the organisation such as police department to reduce the increasing crime rate and mortality rate in UAE.

Gender and Regional Differences in the Life Expectancy in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Rodionova ◽  
E. D. Kopnova
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Regional Differentiation ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Poor Nutrition

The relevance of the chosen topic is closely related to the development of a system for monitoring the implementation of the May Presidential Decree (2018) to increase life expectancy and improve the quality of life of the population. It has been stated that despite the positive dynamics of life expectancy over the past decade, Russia still has a huge regional differentiation (16,6 years for women, 18,2 years for men in 2016) and an average gender gap - 10,6 years. The choice of factors affecting the gender gap in life expectancy in Russian regions is supported by a conclusion most common in foreign studies that climatic conditions, living conditions, the quality of food and drinking water, alcohol consumption are essential components of public health and life expectancy.The article provides an overview of studies on assessment factors of life expectancy, presents the authors’ approach to identifying gender gaps in life expectancy, living conditions, and lifestyle affecting the indicator of life expectancy. The paper presents the results of a comparative analysis of gender gap in life expectancy in Russia and foreign countries. The paper studies the correlation between living conditions and lifestyle, and life expectancy.Classification of the regions by the life expectancy at birth for men and women is an important component of this study. The authors used Rosstat data for 2016 and the k-means method to select three clusters of Russian regions taking into account gender, living conditions and lifestyle. The paper identifies similar health problems of the regions that are associated with alcohol consumption, poor nutrition and poor quality of drinking water, poor housing and living conditions. The lowest life expectancy rates for men and women are recorded in regions of the 1st cluster (Jewish Autonomous Region, Republic of Tuva, Chukotka Autonomous Area). High mortality rates are a result of external causes. There is a poor quality of drinking water and poor nutrition, excessive alcohol consumption, and inadequate housing conditions.Based on the obtained results were determined possible reserves for reducing the gender and regional differentiation of life expectancy.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Mortality Rate and Its Incidence in Latin America: Dependence on Demographic and Economic Variables

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 6900
Author(s):  
Javier Cifuentes-Faura
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Quality Infrastructure

The pandemic caused by COVID-19 has left millions infected and dead around the world, with Latin America being one of the most affected areas. In this work, we have sought to determine, by means of a multiple regression analysis and a study of correlations, the influence of population density, life expectancy, and proportion of the population in vulnerable employment, together with GDP per capita, on the mortality rate due to COVID-19 in Latin American countries. The results indicated that countries with higher population density had lower numbers of deaths. Population in vulnerable employment and GDP showed a positive influence, while life expectancy did not appear to significantly affect the number of COVID-19 deaths. In addition, the influence of these variables on the number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 was analyzed. It can be concluded that the lack of resources can be a major burden for the vulnerable population in combating COVID-19 and that population density can ensure better designed institutions and quality infrastructure to achieve social distancing and, together with effective measures, lower death rates.

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