scholarly journals Magnitude of self-medication practice and the associated factors among adult household members living in western region, Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mussa S. Manhyabili ◽  
George M. Bwire ◽  
Lubinza Maziku ◽  
Mecky .I. N. Matee
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Education ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medication Practice ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Household Members

Abstract Background: Self-medication practice (SMP) is the use of medication without the prescription of health care professionals. The major problems associated with self-medication practice have been drug resistance, drug side effects, wastage of resources, and serious health hazards including death. This study was conducted to assess the magnitude and factors associated with self-medication practice among adult household members in Shinyanga Municipal Council (SMC).Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in SMC, in September and October 2020. A multistage cluster random sampling was used to select study participants. Variables such as socio-demographic factors and reasons for SMP were summarized using frequencies and percentages. Chi square and logistic regression test were used to identify factors associated with SMP. All statistics were done using SPSS version 25.Results: In total 422 adult household members were studied, the magnitude of SMP among adult household members in SMC was 86%. The major symptom of illness that lead to SMP were headache 75(38.9%), fever 71 (37%) and cough 52 (27.1%) while paracetamol 84(43.8%), Ampiclox 30 (15.5%) and artemether lumefantrine 25 (13%) were the commonly used drugs. Perceptions of illness as mild 141(38.8%)and previous experience of self-medication138(38%) were the reasons for SMP. Participants who did not complete secondary education were seven times more likely to practice SMP as compared to those who had university education (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] =7.136, 95%CI=1.447-35.180, P=0.016). Participants with average household income (AHI) (<180,000 TSH=<78USD) were less likely to practice SMP compared to those with AHI (B 180,000Tsh) (aOR = 0.424, 95%CI = 0.214 – 0.840, P = 0.014).Conclusion: The magnitude of SMP in Shinyanga Municipal was found to be high.SMP was significantly associated with level of education and average monthly household income. Strengthening of the community’s awareness on the side effects of SMP including antimicrobial resistance in the study area is recommended.

scholarly journals Magnitude and factors associated with anti-malarial self-medication practice among residents of Kasulu Town Council, Kigoma-Tanzania

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 2457-2461
Author(s):  
Stanley Mwita ◽  
Omary Meja ◽  
Deogratias Katabalo ◽  
Catherine Richard
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Services ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medication Practice ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Cost

Background: Anti- malarial self-medication practice in Africa is very common. It is considered as an alternative way for people who cannot afford the cost of health care services. This study was conducted to assess the magnitude and factors associated with anti-malarial self-medication practice among residents of Kasulu Town Council.Materials and methods: The study was a descriptive cross sectional study. Two hundred and eighty consenting respondents were selected by systematic random sampling and interviewed with the aid of a semi structured questionnaire to assess anti-malarial self- medication practice. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant, at 95% confidence interval.Results: Prevalence of anti-malarial self-medication was (69.6%). Majority of the respondents (83.1%) reported that, they did not get better after self- medication. About 36% of the respondents metioned time taken in health facilities as the main factor for self- medication.Conclusion: This study revealed that, self-medication practice is very common among community members in Kasulu district. The main reasons identified for self-medication was long time taken to get treatment in health facilities.Keywords: Anti-malarial, Self- medication, Practice, Kasulu, Tanzania.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Predictors of Self-Medication Practice Among Teachers’ Education Training College Students in Amhara Region, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abebe Basazn Mekuria ◽  
Eshetie Melese Birru ◽  
Melkamu Teshome Tesfa ◽  
Mestayet Geta ◽  
Zemene Demelesh Kifle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Inappropriate Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Amhara Region ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medication Practice ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Education Training

Background: Self-medication practice is the use of medications without healthcare professional requests. It can lead to inappropriate medication usage, wastage of resources, increased chance of microbial resistance, and adverse drug reactions. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing the prevalence and associated factors of self-medication practice among teachers’ education training college students in the Amhara region, Ethiopia.Methods: A multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted on 344 teachers’ education training college students in the Amhara region, Ethiopia, from January 1 to February 28, 2020. Data on sociodemography, the practice of self-medication, and factors associated with self-medication practice were collected through a self-administered structured questionnaire. Systematic random sampling was used to select participants. Descriptive statistics and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were done to determine various variables and factors associated with self-medication practice.Results: Out of the 344 respondents, 234 (68.0%) practiced self-medication. The most commonly cited indication for self-medication practice was headache (75, 32.05%), followed by abdominal discomfort (53, 22.6%). The respondents who were older than 26 years of age (AOR: 2.47, 95% CI: 1.18–3.94), were in the third year of study (AOR: 3.14, 95% CI: 1.94–5.79), lived in urban residence (AOR: 2.97, 95% CI: 1.06–3.64), had accessibility to a nearby pharmacy (AOR: 2.12, 95% CI: 1.43–4.46), and had peer/family pressure (AOR: 2.34, 95% Cl: 1.53–3.56) were significantly associated with self-medication practice.Conclusion: More than two-thirds of the study participants practiced self-medication. Being from an urban area, having access to a private pharmacy, and higher year of study positively affect self-medication practice.

scholarly journals Self-Medication Practice among Amman’s Householders: Prevalence and Factors

2020 ◽  
pp. 102-113
Author(s):  
Salah A. Al Shehade ◽  
Raghdaa H. Al Zarzour ◽  
Abdul Razzak Alshehadeh ◽  
Derar Bal’awi ◽  
Salem Hamade
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
The Self ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Knowledge Level ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medication Practice ◽  
Level Of Knowledge

Aims: This study is set out to explore the prevalence and the influencing factors of self-medication practice, besides, to assess the knowledge levels of Amman’s householders. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted using pre-tested questionnaires. The householders (n=601) were randomly selected from two disparate regions in Amman (West and East), which reflect different segments of the society. Results: Self-medication was practised by more than half (53.1%) of Amman’s Householders. The East of Amman householders shows a relatively lower rate (49.7%) of self-medication than the West of Amman ones (56.5%), which can be attributed to the higher ability to pay for medicines and a higher level of knowledge among West residents that might allow them to go directly to the pharmacies without consulting a physician. The relatively severe illness (e.g. respiratory diseases and eye complaints) showed the lowest influence for self-medication, which indicates a good level of awareness about the importance of consulting the health care professionals. Furthermore, the two main reasons for self-medication were experiencing a good result from previous self-medication (87.8%) and saving time (84.6%). The self-medication practice was associated with the education level and the knowledge level; the knowledge level of West of Amman residents was correlated positively with the self-medication practice prevalence; nevertheless, East ones presented a less notable pattern. Conclusion: There is a knowledge gap regarding the proper SM practice, the health professionals must effectively educate the patients regarding the responsible self-medication practice and thus limit the adverse outcomes.

scholarly journals Self-medication Practices among the Peri-urban Households of Two Communities of Dharan Sub-metropolitan city of Eastern Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (228) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumud Chapagain ◽  
Gajendra Prasad Rauniyar
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Binary Data ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Drug Side Effects ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: Self-medication practice is the use of medication without prescription of health care professionals. Drug resistance, drug side effects, wastage of resources, and serious health hazards including death are associated with self-medication. We conducted this study to find out the prevalence of self- medication among the peri-urban population of two randomly selected communities of Dharan, Nepal. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among people residing in two randomly selected wards of peri-urban areas of Dharan from November 2017 and April 2018 after obtaining ethical clearance (IRC/1030/017). A pretested, structured self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were collected and entered in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 11.5; point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: Among 426 respondents, the overall prevalence of self-medication was 312 (73.23%) at 95% Confidence Interval (67.83-78.63%). It was more common among female 158 (78.60%). Common symptoms were headache 201 (64.42%), fever 135 (43.26%), gastrointestinal 93 (29.8%) and respiratory illness 87 (27.88%). Analgesics and antipyretics 275 (88.14%) were the most common drugs self- medicated with. Seeking opinion from pharmacist 112 (35.89%) was the commonest method adopted to procure drugs and comfort 127 (40.7%) and time constraints 122 (39.1%) were the commonest reasons. Conclusions: Prevalence of self-medication among the peri-urban population was similar to other studies. Headache and fever was the common symptoms for which self-medication were adopted. Awareness regarding potential dangers of self-medication and different drug side effects are recommended at the community level.

scholarly journals Factors Associated With Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam ◽  
Masudus Salehin ◽  
Sojib Bin Zaman ◽  
Tania Tansi ◽  
Rajat Das Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Factors Associated

Diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are a major public health burden in low-and-middle-income countries. This study aimed to explore factors associated with CKD in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Bangladesh. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 315 adults with T2D presenting at the outpatient department of Bangladesh Institute of Health Sciences (BIHS) hospital between July 2013 to December 2013. CKD was diagnosed based on estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate using the &lsquo;Modification of Diet in Renal Disease&rsquo; equations and presence of albuminuria estimated by the albumin-to-creatinine ratio. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors associated with CKD. The overall prevalence of CKD among patients with T2D was 21.3%. In the unadjusted model Factors associated with CKD were: aged 40-49 years (OR: 5.7, 95% CI: 1.3-25.4), age 50-59 years (7.0, 1.6-39), age &ge;60 years (7.6, 1.7-34); being female (2.2, 1.2-3.8), hypertensive (1.9, 1.1-3.5) and household income between 128.2-256.4 US$ (2.9, 1.0-8.2) compared with income &le;128.2$. However, after adjustment of other covariates, only duration of hypertension and household income (128.2-256.4 US$) remained statistically significant. There is a need to implement policies and programs for early detection and management of hypertension and CKD in T2D patients in Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Assessment of Females Awareness in Saudi Arabia about Long term use of COCP and Venous Thromboembolism Risk: A Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
Basmah Mohammed Alazmi ◽  
Shaikha Sulayyem Alsharari ◽  
Razan motawkel ◽  
Sara Alzahrani ◽  
Anhar Alfateel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Education ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Participants

Background: Nowadays there are a lot of women using contraceptive oral combined pills for birth control and as we know VTE is one of the complications when it used for a long time, and here in this study our aim is to assess the awareness and knowledge of females who live in Saudi Arabia about COCP and its complications like VTE. A cross-sectional observational study based on a questionnaire conducted among females who live in Saudi Arabia. Data collection was done by using online survey which contains questions about the age, education and contraception. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study carried out during December 2020 in Saudi Arabia. We minimize our target population through inclusion criteria: 1- Female 2- Live in Saudi Arabia 3- Agree to participate. Sample size was 454 participants calculated by using survey system website through sample size calculator with Confidence Level 95% and margin of error 5%. Result: A total of 454 patients completed the survey questionnaire. The results showed that the vast majority of the study participants aged 20 years or more. Moreover, more than 90% of the study participants were Saudi females. The average body weight is around 95 kg and height 164.2 cm. The results also indicated that two-third of the study participants attained university education level compared to 16.1% obtained secondary education. Additionally, 36.6% of the study participants worked as a housewife, 18.1% working in health field. Moreover, 40% of the respondents reside in the western regions, 34% live in eastern regions compared to the lowest percentage in South region 3.3%. Conclusion: In summary, this study revealed that the internet was the main source of knowledge. Health care providers should perform their intended role in improving the female’s awareness regarding family planning. The criteria for preferable contraceptive method are that it has few or no side effects, also it depends on how much effective and convenient it is. Educational programs may be warranted to minimize the fear of side effects and to enhance the general knowledge about contraception.

scholarly journals Prevalência e fatores associados à automedicação em acadêmicos de enfermagem

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla Taísa Pereira Colares ◽  
Fernanda Caroline Ramos Barbosa ◽  
Barbhara Mota Marinho ◽  
Roberto Allan Ribeiro Silva
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Education ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
De Se ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive

Objetivo: conhecer a prevalência da automedicação e os fatores associados a essa prática entre os acadêmicos do curso de Enfermagem. Método: trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, descritivo e transversal, no qual foram avaliados 143 questionários, tabulados pelo Programa Excel. Apresentaram-se figuras para a síntese dos resultados. Resultados: identificou-se que a prevalência da automedicação foi de 97,9%, sendo os analgésicos/antitérmicos (50,71%), os anti-inflamatórios (18,57%) e os antialérgicos (12,86%) as classes terapêuticas mais utilizadas. Apurou-se que as queixas mais apontadas como motivos para a automedicação foram as dores de cabeça (53,57%), as alergias (18,57%) e as infecções de garganta (17,14%). Conclusão: observou-se alta prevalência da automedicação e se demonstrou a necessidade de se fortalecer a educação dos universitários para o uso racional de medicamentos a fim de se preservar a sua própria segurança, bem como a dos seus futuros pacientes. Descritores: Automedicação; Reação Adversa; Preparações Farmacêuticas; Anti-inflamatórios; Estudantes de Enfermagem; Farmacoepidemiologia.Abstract Objective: to know the prevalence of self-medication and the factors associated with this practice among nursing students. Method: This is a quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study, in which 143 questionnaires were evaluated and tabulated by the Excel Program. Figures were presented for the synthesis of the results. Results: the prevalence of self-medication was 97.9%, with analgesics/antipyretics (50.71%), anti-inflammatory drugs (18.57%) and anti-allergic drugs (12.86%) were the most used therapeutic classes. The most common complaints as reasons for self-medication were headaches (53.57%), allergies (18.57%) and throat infections (17.14%). Conclusion: a high prevalence of self-medication was observed and demonstrated the need to strengthen university education for the rational use of drugs to preserve their own safety and their future patient's safety. Descriptors:  Self-Medication; Adverse Reactions; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Anti-inflammatory Agents; Students Nursing; Pharmacoepidemiology. Resumen Objetivo: conocer la prevalencia de la automedicación y los factores asociados a esa práctica entre los académicos del curso de Enfermería. Método: se trata de un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal, en el cual 143 cuestionarios fueron evaluados, tabulados por el Programa Excel. Se presentaron figuras para la síntesis de los resultados. Resultados: se identificó que la prevalencia de la automedicación fue de 97,9%, siendo los analgésicos/antitérmicos (50,71%), los anti-inflamatorios (18,57%) y los antialérgicos (12,86%) las clases terapéuticas más utilizadas. Se observó que las quejas más destacadas como motivos para la automedicación fueron los dolores de cabeza (53,57%), las alergias (18,57%) y las infecciones de garganta (17,14%). Conclusión: se observó una alta prevalencia de la automedicación y se demostró la necesidad de fortalecerse la educación de los universitarios para el uso racional de medicamentos para preservarse su propia seguridad, así como la de sus futuros pacientes. Descriptores: Automedicación; Efectos Colaterales; Preparaciones Farmacéuticas; Antiinflamatorios; Estudiantes de Enfermería; Farmacoepidemiogía.

scholarly journals Prevalence, knowledge and associated factors on self-medication practice among the community of Lalitpur Metropolitan City, Nepal: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1108-1118
Author(s):  
Birendra Shrivastava ◽  
Omi Bajracharya ◽  
Rajani Shakya
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Poor Knowledge ◽  
Medication Practice ◽  
Metropolitan City ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Self-medicine has become one of the important components in day-to-day life to treat mild ailments. If not used rationally, it may lead to serious public health issues. The aim of this study is to explore the prevalence, knowledge, and associated risk factors of self-medication practice among the community of the Lalitpur Metropolitan City of Nepal. A cross-sectional community based prospective study was conducted among 1,004 participants of the Lalitpur Metropolitan City using a pretested and validated questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential analysis with an alpha level of 0.05 by using SPSS. The prevalence of self-medication was 45.20%. The three most common ailments for practicing self-medication were fever, headache, and cough/cold. The top reason for self-medication was minor illness. The study indicated that overall knowledge scores were significantly associated with self-medication (P<0.001). Multiple logistic regression showed the elderly are more oriented towards self-medication practice [AOR=5.22 (95%CI: 2.73-9.98)]. The health professional families have a high affinity towards self-medication practice [AOR=2.82 (95%CI: 1.68-4.75)]. Likewise, storing medicine at home [AOR= 7.01 (95%CI: 5.10-9.64)] and poor knowledge of medicine use were [AOR=1.81 (95%CI: 1.14-2.88)] more likely to prefer self-medication. The prevalence of self-medication was high, mostly due to the poor knowledge about appropriate medicine used. Self-medication is unavoidable in many situations; therefore, implementation of action plans to improve awareness about the consequences of self-medication is needed, thus facilitating its responsible use by the community.

scholarly journals Prenatal evaluation in primary care in Northeast Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Pereira da Silva ◽  
Antônio Flaudiano Bem Leite ◽  
Roberto Teixeira Lima ◽  
Mônica Maria Osório
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Prenatal Care ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Educational Strategies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Logistic Regression Method

OBJECTIVE: To characterize prenatal care and verify possible factors associated with its adequacy. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study based on interviews with health care professionals and consultations on official documents of women attending prenatal of the primary health care in the city of João Pessoa, capital of Paraíba, in the Northeast region of Brazil. Prenatal care was evaluated by an index with criteria referring to aspects of structure, process and outcome, denominated IPR/Prenatal. The multivariate logistic regression method revealed that demographic, socioeconomic, reproductive and maternal morbidity variables were possible determinants for prenatal adequacy. RESULTS: The survey involved 130 services and 1,625 primary health care patients. Prenatal care was adequate in approximately 23% of the cases. Low prevalence of referral to maternity, educational strategies and examinations were observed. The analysis showed that nonadolescent women (OR = 1,390), with a longer period of schooling (OR = 1.750), higher per capita income (OR = 1,870) and primiparous women (OR = 1,230) were more likely to have an adequate prenatal. CONCLUSIONS: Prenatal care, when evaluated by broader criteria, showed a low percentage of adequacy. Strategies should be developed to ensure the referral to the maternity where the birth will take place and health education activities and examinations to provide adequate prenatal care in the municipality under study. In addition, factors associated with adequacy must be considered by managers and health professionals.

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