Selection and Ranking of the Most Suitable Drones for Sustainable Traffic Management Using Multi-Criteria Analysis Approach

The Right ◽

Selection And Ranking ◽

Abstract The traffic problem is one of the significant issues facing many large cities. So, transportation plans should be analyzed very well. Static cameras are tools and the right solution for traffic monitoring and management. But, nowadays, drones come into prominence as popular, effective, and more sustainable tools in traffic control and have been used for various traffic applications. In this study, a model is proposed for the selection of the most suitable drone under the specific characteristics to ensure a contributor to traffic management efforts. The decision model is structured with AHP and MOORA-TOPSIS and VIKOR ranking methods. The weighting of criteria is carried out by the AHP method, and a combination of AHP and ranking methods are used for the best selection. The results of the analysis were compared using Spearman's rank correlation, and it is seen that the results are at the desired level.

The quality of the sperm of red breeds bulls of OAO Barnaulskoe breeding enterprise and its resistance to cryopreservation

Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University) ◽

10.31677/2072-6724-2021-58-1-92-100 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 92-100

Author(s):

A. I. Zheltikov ◽

T. V. Konovalova ◽

O. I. Sebezhko ◽

V. V. Ilyin ◽

P. N. Palchikov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Correlation Coefficient ◽

Rank Correlation ◽

Preliminary Assessment ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Research Results ◽

Spearman’S Rank Correlation Coefficient ◽

The characteristic of bulls-producers of red breeds of OAO Barnaulskoe breeding enterprise on the quality of sperm and its resistance to cryopreservation are presented. The breeding enterprise has examined samples of water, soil, feed for the content of heavy metals. In the studied samples, no excess of the LOC was found. The research results were processed on a PC using population statistics methods. Angler bulls produced the largest amount of ejaculates unsuitable for cryopreservation. It is 20.6%. According to this indicator, they surpassed the producers of red Danish and red steppe breeds by 4.1-7.8%. The animals of the latter breed showed the smallest amount (1.7%) of ejaculates rejected after defrost. In Angler bulls, this indicator was 5.95%, in red Danish bulls it was 2.95%, which is 3.52 and 1.75 times higher than in red steppe breeders (P <0.01-0.001). Significant differences were established between individual bulls of the red steppe breed in the number of ejaculates rejected before cryopreservation (2.84-22.29%) and after defrost (0-7.09%). The differences between breeds in the frequency of rejected ejaculates before freezing and after cryopreservation indicate a certain role of heredity in the resistance of animals for these indicators. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient between these traits was 0.312. It indicates the possibility of preliminary assessment and selection of bulls according to the first indicator. But the final assessment of the bull-producers can be made by the frequency of rejected ejaculates after thawing. We propose to consider the issue of additional accounting in breeding programs for the resistance of the seed of bulls-producers to cryopreservation.

Differentiation of accessions from the national lentil collection according to the level of drought resistance on a various concentrations PEG-6000 solution

Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv ◽

10.7124/feeo.v29.1409 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. 68-73

Author(s):

N. Vus ◽

A. O. Vasylenko ◽

L. M. Shevchenko

Keyword(s):

Drought Resistance ◽

Rank Correlation ◽

Shoot Length ◽

Peg 6000 ◽

Spearman’S Rank Correlation Coefficient ◽

Solution Methods ◽

Working Solution ◽

Range Of Variation ◽

Aim. assessment of accessions from the lentil national collectionon the level of drought resistance on a PEG-6000 solution. Methods. The germination was carried out in growth plates on a filter paper bed at t = 21ºC for five days. A working solution of PEG-6000 with concentrations of 15.0% and 19.5% was used. The control was germinated in distilled water. The length of the shoot and root was measured and the level of depression of growth processes was calculated. Results. When germinating on a PEG-6000 solution with 19.5% concentration, the overwhelming number of accessions had depression indicators for shoots above 85% and above 60% for roots, and therefore it was not possible to isolate samples tolerant to the action of PEG-6000. When germinating on a 15% solution of PEG-6000, a wider range of variation was noted: depression in feature of “root length” ranged from 0% to 100%, “shoot length” - from 50% to 100%. The calculated Spearman's rank correlation coefficient confirms that shoots, in comparison with roots, are more sensitive to the action of osmotic in both variants of the experiment. Conclusions. The concentration of PEG-6000 was established for the selection of sources and the ranking of samples by drought resistance. Sources of drought resistance were identified from the studied sample – accessions subsp. microsperma: 8-MIL M 5 (UD0600007, France), UD0600028 (Ethiopia), Giza 9 (UD0600065, Egypt) and the accession-standard of drought resistance is Gornostepnaya (UD0600131, Armenia) subsp. microsperma. Keywords: lentil, PEG-6000, concentration, sources of drought resistance.

Incorporating Traffic Control and Safety Hardware Performance Functions into Risk-based Highway Safety Analysis

PROMET - Traffic&Transportation ◽

10.7307/ptt.v29i2.2041 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 143-153 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Zongzhi Li ◽

Hoang Dao ◽

Harshingar Patel ◽

Yi Liu ◽

Bei Zhou

Keyword(s):

Traffic Control ◽

Rank Correlation ◽

Safety Performance ◽

Chi Square ◽

Highway Infrastructure ◽

Pavement Markings ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Crash Modification Factors ◽

Hardware Performance

Traffic control and safety hardware such as traffic signs, lighting, signals, pavement markings, guardrails, barriers, and crash cushions form an important and inseparable part of highway infrastructure affecting safety performance. Significant progress has been made in recent decades to develop safety performance functions and crash modification factors for site-specific crash predictions. However, the existing models and methods lack rigorous treatments of safety impacts of time-deteriorating conditions of traffic control and safety hardware. This study introduces a refined method for computing the Safety Index (SI) as a means of crash predictions for a highway segment that incorporates traffic control and safety hardware performance functions into the analysis. The proposed method is applied in a computation experiment using five-year data on nearly two hundred rural and urban highway segments. The root-mean square error (RMSE), Chi-square, Spearman’s rank correlation, and Mann-Whitney U tests are employed for validation.

Optimizing Material Selection Using a Hybridized Multi-attribute Decision Making Model

WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS AND CONTROL ◽

10.37394/23203.2021.16.36 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

pp. 404-421

Author(s):

Eslam Mohammed Abdelkader ◽

Abobakr Al-Sakkaf ◽

Ghasan Alfalah

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Correlation Coefficient ◽

Material Selection ◽

Rank Correlation ◽

Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽

Numerical Examples ◽

Selection Problems ◽

Spearman’S Rank Correlation Coefficient ◽

Material selection is a very entangled and decisive stage in the design and development of products. There are large numbers of on hand and newly developed materials available in the market. In addition, inability to select the correct materials adversely affects the reputation and profitability of the company. Thus, designers need to study and trace the performance of available materials with appropriate functionalities. Thus, this research aims at establishing an efficient and systematic platform for the optimum selection of materials while accommodating the designated conflicting performance requirements. The developed model encompasses designing a hybrid decision support system in an attempt to circumvent the shortcomings of single multi-criteria decision making-based (MCDM) models. First, the objective relative importance weights of attributes are interpreted capitalizing on Shannon entropy algorithm. Then, an integrated model that encompasses the utilization of six different types of multi-criteria decision making algorithms is designed to create a reliable selection of material alternatives. The utilized MCDM algorithms comprise weighted product method (WPM), simple additive weighting (SAW), additive ratio assessment (ARAS), new combinative distance-based assessment (CODAS), complex proportional assessment (COPRAS) and technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). Afterwards, COPELAND algorithm is exploited to generate a consensus and distinct ranking of material alternatives. Eventually, Spearman’s rank correlation analysis is used to evaluate the rankings obtained from the MCDM algorithms. Five numerical examples in diverse fields of material selection are tackled to examine the features and efficiency of the developed integrated model. Results illustrated that the developed model was able to solve the five material selection problems efficiently. On the other hand, no individual MCDM algorithm was able to solve all the assigned material selection problems. For instance, CODAS and TOPSIS only succeeded in solving one and two material selection problems, respectively. It was also inferred that notable differences and perturbations are encountered between the rankings of MCDM algorithms in the first, third, fourth and fifth numerical examples, which necessitates the implementation of COPELAND algorithm. It was also revealed that the highest correlation lied between COPRAS and WPM with an average Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient of 92.67%. On the other hand, the correlation between TOPSIS and CODAS attained the lowest rank with an average Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient of 18.95%. Results also demonstrated that COPRAS accomplished the highest Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient with 59.54%. Hence, it is the most efficient MCDM algorithm among the five algorithms which can serve as a reference for solving material selection problems. It can be also deduced that CODAS and TOPSIS are not advised to be implemented in solving similar material selection problems.

Free fatty acid levels in Ontario-grown summer rape cultivars

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps95-102 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 75 (3) ◽

pp. 589-593

Author(s):

W. E. May ◽

D. J. Hume

Keyword(s):

Rank Correlation ◽

Western Canada ◽

Brassica Napus L ◽

Southern Ontario ◽

Spring Canola ◽

Stress Environment ◽

The Mean ◽

Key Words:Brassica ◽

High levels of FFA have been a recurring problem in the seed oil of Ontario-grown, canola-quality summer rape (Brassica napus L.). Examination of seed samples from the Eastern Canadian Co-operative Cultivar Trials conducted at several locations in 1988–1993 showed significant, consistent differences in FFA levels among cultivars. In each year from 1988 to 1991 the cultivars Kristina, Delta and Westar had FFA levels that were about 40% of those of Global and the triazine-tolerant cultivars Stallion, OAC Triton and OAC Triumph. Pearson's correlations and Spearman's rank correlation between years for FFA levels of genotypes were all significant, with the exception of the Spearman's rank correlation between 1992 and 1993. Significant differences in FFA occurred among locations in southern Ontario, but location differences were not consistent across years. Cultivars grown in western Canada, however, had FFA levels between 2 and 41% of their FFA levels at the southern Ontario locations. The FFA levels of cultivars at one Ontario location were significantly correlated with the mean FFA levels of the same cultivars from all the other Ontario locations in the same year, 28 out of 34 times. Correlations were higher before the high-FFA cultivars were removed from the trials in 1991. Screening of lines in a breeding program for susceptibility to high FFA at one southern Ontario location appeared to be predictive of FFA levels at other southern Ontario locations. Selection of cultivars that have low FFA levels should reduce the FFA problem in Ontario-grown spring canola. Key words:Brassica napus, canola, free fatty acids, cultivars, stress, environment

Outcome Assessment of Peer-to-Peer Adaptive Control Adjacent to a National Park

Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board ◽

10.3141/2620-05 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2620 (1) ◽

pp. 43-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lucy M. Richardson ◽

Matthew D. Luker ◽

Christopher M. Day ◽

Mark Taylor ◽

Darcy M. Bullock

Keyword(s):

Adaptive Control ◽

Traffic Control ◽

Traffic Management ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Traffic Monitoring ◽

Peer To Peer ◽

Control Logic ◽

Real Time Traffic ◽

Before And After ◽

Adaptive Traffic Control

In the town of Moab, Utah, a combination of seasonal tourist traffic, heavy truck traffic, and high pedestrian volumes creates a unique traffic management challenge; Moab’s remote location adds additional challenges for real-time traffic monitoring and maintaining of signal timing plans. The Main Street corridor is a strong candidate for an adaptive traffic control system (ATCS). Peer-to-peer (P2P) communication and user-definable control logic were used to develop and implement a cost-effective ATCS called “P2P adaptive control” that used only the existing local controllers and detection. The adaptive control logic adjusts green time along the mainline in response to detector inputs while keeping the side streets at the minimum time needed for pedestrian service. System performance was evaluated by comparing performance measures generated from high-resolution signal controller data before and after implementation of P2P adaptive control. The P2P adaptive control increased the through bandwidth of the corridor and reduced the number of split failures (i.e., the number of phase occurrences with insufficient green). Future work will include adjusting the algorithm to improve service on side streets and expanding P2P adaptive control to additional signals expected to be constructed in the area.

NEW STREET SCENE FOR PEDESTRIANS AND DRIVERS

Transport ◽

10.3846/16484142.2005.9638028 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 20 (6) ◽

pp. 248-256 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Branimir Stanić ◽

Smiljan Vukanovic ◽

Miroslav Osoba

Keyword(s):

Traffic Control ◽

Traffic Management ◽

Dynamic Changes ◽

Traffic Demand ◽

Traffic Conditions ◽

Management Algorithm ◽

Street Scene ◽

The Right ◽

Physical Capacities ◽

Adequate Management

In the last twenty years all cities throughout the world have faced a continual increase in traffic demand. Neither a simple increase in physical capacities of the traffic network nor introduction of new traffic control systems nor similar isolated actions can be the right response to the increased traffic demands. New approaches to traffic management and application of complex new technological solutions in traffic control are called for. Besides improving safety for all participants, their main objectives are to increase the capacity of the existing infrastructure to enable its efficient exploitation in accordance with the current traffic demand and to protect urban environment from unnecessary traffic aggressive influence. It is clear that to achieve traffic flow the following issues should be taken into consideration: (1) Traffic conditions (to reduce duration and scope of traffic jams, to increase capacity and level of safety); (2) Physical surroundings (less noise and less pollution), and (3) Economic conditions (efficient usage of time, energy, space and other resources). Management of traffic means the possibility to choose an adequate management algorithm and the possibility to adapt it to the constant changes in traffic demand and not so dynamic changes in urban surrounding demand.

Distribution of Corneal Geometric Landmarks and Relationship Between Their Distances and Biomechanical Parameters in the Development of Keratoconus

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology ◽

10.3389/fbioe.2021.766163 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Lei Tian ◽

Hui Zhang ◽

Li-Li Guo ◽

Xiao Qin ◽

Di Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rank Correlation ◽

Stage Iv ◽

Vertical Axis ◽

Biomechanical Properties ◽

Temporal Region ◽

Disease Development ◽

Correlation Test ◽

The Right ◽

The Relationship

Purpose: To analyze the changes in coordinates and distances among three typical geometric landmarks of the cornea, namely, the thinnest point (TP), maximum curvature (Kmax), and corneal apex (AP) during the development of keratoconus, and explore the potential relationship between these changes and the abnormalities of corneal biomechanics.Methods: Normal eyes (n = 127), clinical keratoconic eyes (CKC, n = 290), and the eyes of forme fruste keratoconus (FFKC, n = 85) were included; among them, the CKC group was classified into four grades based on the Topographic Keratoconus Classification (TKC) provided by Pentacam. A total of 38 Corvis ST output parameters and three distance parameters of three typical landmarks (DKmax-AP, DTP-AP, and DKmax-TP) based on Pentacam were included. The differences of parameters among the abovementioned six groups (Normal, FFKC, and CKC stage I to CKC stage IV) were analyzed. Spearman’s rank correlation test was performed to choose several dynamic corneal response (DCR) parameters that could best reflect the changes of corneal biomechanical characteristics during the progression of the disease, and the Pearson’s or Spearman’s correlation test was conducted to determine the association between the three distances and the selected DCR parameters in each grade. In addition, by flipping the X coordinate of the left eye on the vertical axis to reflect the direction of the right eye, the coordinates of TP and Kmax in different developmental grades were highlighted.Results: From CKC stage II, the three geometric landmark distances commenced to correlate with the corneal DCR parameters (CBI, SPA1, IR, DA Ratio 2, ARTh, MIR, Radius, Pachy, and DA Ratio 1), which could better represent the changes of biomechanical properties from normal cornea to keratoconus. From normal cornea to CKC stage IV, the coordinates of Kmax were gradually tended to the inferior temporal region from dispersion, while TP was always concentrated in the inferior temporal region. Although DKmax-AP, DKmax-TP, and DTP-AP all showed a gradual decreasing trend with the progress of the disease, the first two did not change significantly, and only DTP-AP significantly approached AP in the later stage of disease development. In addition, from the FFKC group, the corresponding values of DKmax-TP in each disease development group were smaller than DKmax-AP.Conclusions: In the later stage of keratoconus, the relationship between the three typical landmark distance parameters and DCR parameters is stronger, and even the weakening of corneal biomechanical properties may be accompanied by the merger of typical landmark positions.

Correlation of the gamma passing rates with the differences in the dose-volumetric parameters between the original VMAT plans and actual deliveries of the VMAT plans

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0244690 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (12) ◽

pp. e0244690

Author(s):

Jong Min Park ◽

Chang Heon Choi ◽

Hong-Gyun Wu ◽

Jung-in Kim

Keyword(s):

Parotid Gland ◽

Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy ◽

Rank Correlation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Strong Correlations ◽

Dose Distributions ◽

Passing Rates ◽

Log Files ◽

The Right

Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the correlations of the gamma passing rates (GPR) with the dose-volumetric parameter changes between the original volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans and the actual deliveries of the VMAT plans (DV errors). We compared the correlations of the TrueBeam STx system to those of a C-series linac. Methods A total of 20 patients with head and neck (H&N) cancer were retrospectively selected for this study. For each patient, two VMAT plans with the TrueBeam STx and Trilogy (C-series linac) systems were generated under similar modulation degrees. Both the global and local GPRs with various gamma criteria (3%/3 mm, 2%/2 mm, 2%/1 mm, 1%/2 mm, and 1%/1 mm) were acquired with the 2D dose distributions measured using the MapCHECK2 detector array. During VMAT deliveries, the linac log files of the multi-leaf collimator positions, gantry angles, and delivered monitor units were acquired. The DV errors were calculated with the 3D dose distributions reconstructed using the log files. Subsequently, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients (rs) and the corresponding p values were calculated between the GPRs and the DV errors. Results For the Trilogy system, the rs values with p < 0.05 showed weak correlations between the GPRs and the DV errors (rs<0.4) whereas for the TrueBeam STx system, moderate or strong correlations were observed (rs≥0.4). The DV errors in the V20Gy of the left parotid gland and those in the mean dose of the right parotid gland showed strong correlations (always with rs > 0.6) with the GPRs with gamma criteria except 3%/3 mm. As the GPRs increased, the DV errors decreased. Conclusion The GPRs showed strong correlations with some of the DV errors for the VMAT plans for H&N cancer with the TrueBeam STx system.

The use of the Hungarian Test Your Memory (TYM-HUN), MMSE, and ADAS-Cog tests for patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) in a Hungarian population: a cross-sectional study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-18916/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Szabolcs Garbóczy ◽

Éva Magócs ◽

Gergő Szőllősi ◽

Szilvia Harsányi ◽

Égerházi Anikó ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Early Recognition ◽

Rank Correlation ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Disease Assessment ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Right

Abstract BACKGROUNDMild cognitive impairment (MCI) often presages the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Accurate and early identification of cognitive impairment will substantially reduce the burden on the family and alleviate the costs for the whole society. There is a need for testing methods that are easy to perform even in a general practitioner’s office, inexpensive and non-invasive, which could help the early recognition of mental decline. We have selected the Test Your Memory (TYM), which has proven to be reliable for detecting AD and MCI in several countries. Our study was designed to test the usability of the Hungarian version of the TYM (TYM-HUN) comparing with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog) in MCI recognition in the Hungarian population.METHODSTYM test was translated and validated into Hungarian (TYM-HUN) in a previous study. The TYM-HUN test was used in conjunction with and compared with the MMSE and the ADAS-Cog. For our study, 50 subjects were selected: 25 MCI patients and 25 healthy controls (HC). Spearman’s rank correlation was used to analyse the correlation between the scores of MMSE and ADAS-Cog with TYM-HUN and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was established.RESULTSMCI can be distinguished from normal aging using TYM-HUN. We established a 'cut-off' point of TYM-HUN (44/45points) where optimal sensitivity (80%) and specificity (96%) values were obtained to screen MCI. The total TYM-HUN scores significantly correlated with the MMSE scores (ρ=0.626; p<0.001) and ADAS-Cog scores (ρ=-0.723; p<0.001).CONCLUSIONSOur results showed that the TYM-HUN is a reliable, fast, self-administered questionnaire with the right low threshold regarding MCI and can be used for the early diagnosis of cognitive impairment.