Predicting Attrition, Performance, Reenlistment, and Hospitalizations from the Smoking History of Women Prior to Entering the Navy

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry L. Conway
Keyword(s):  
Smoking History ◽  
History Of

LUNGRADS AND UPDATE OF LUNG NODULES SCREENING BY LOW DOSE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY

2015 ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
Thi Ngoc Ha Hoang ◽  
Trong Khoan Le
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Lung Nodule ◽  
Lung Cancer Mortality ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Low Dose Ct ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Low Dose Computed Tomography

Background: A pulmonary nodule is defined as a rounded or irregular opacity, well or poorly defined, measuring up to 3 cm in diameter. Early detection the malignancy of nodules has a significant role in decreasing the mortality, increasing the survival time and consider as early diagnosis lung cancer. The main risk factors are those of current or former smokers, aged 55 to 74 years with a smoking history of at least 1 pack-day. Low dose CT: screening individuals with high risk of lung cancer by low dose CT scans could reduce lung cancer mortality by 20 percent compared to chest X-ray. Radiation dose has to maximum reduced but respect the rule of ALARA (As Low as Resonably Archivable). LungRADS 2014: Classification of American College of Radiology, LungRADS, is a newly application but showed many advantages in comparison with others classification such as increasing positive predict value (PPV), no result of false negative and cost effectiveness. Key words: LungRADS, screening lung nodule, low dose CT, lung cancer

scholarly journals Predicting COVID-19 mortality with electronic medical records

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Estiri ◽  
Zachary H. Strasser ◽  
Jeffy G. Klann ◽  
Pourandokht Naseri ◽  
Kavishwar B. Wagholikar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Prognostic Models ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Gradient Boosting ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Clinical Expertise ◽  
History Of

AbstractThis study aims to predict death after COVID-19 using only the past medical information routinely collected in electronic health records (EHRs) and to understand the differences in risk factors across age groups. Combining computational methods and clinical expertise, we curated clusters that represent 46 clinical conditions as potential risk factors for death after a COVID-19 infection. We trained age-stratified generalized linear models (GLMs) with component-wise gradient boosting to predict the probability of death based on what we know from the patients before they contracted the virus. Despite only relying on previously documented demographics and comorbidities, our models demonstrated similar performance to other prognostic models that require an assortment of symptoms, laboratory values, and images at the time of diagnosis or during the course of the illness. In general, we found age as the most important predictor of mortality in COVID-19 patients. A history of pneumonia, which is rarely asked in typical epidemiology studies, was one of the most important risk factors for predicting COVID-19 mortality. A history of diabetes with complications and cancer (breast and prostate) were notable risk factors for patients between the ages of 45 and 65 years. In patients aged 65–85 years, diseases that affect the pulmonary system, including interstitial lung disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, and a smoking history, were important for predicting mortality. The ability to compute precise individual-level risk scores exclusively based on the EHR is crucial for effectively allocating and distributing resources, such as prioritizing vaccination among the general population.

Investigating the Impacts of Smoking and Exercise History on the Recovery Course among Covid-19 Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2977-2981
Author(s):  
Merve Uca ◽  
Kenan Sivrikaya ◽  
Canatan Taşdemir
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Time ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Interview Method ◽  
History Of ◽  
Standard Medication ◽  
Demographic Background

Aim: The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of exercise and smoking history of the COVID-19 patients on their recovery course and time. Methods: In this respect, as the data source, we observed a total of 310 patients, 176 males 134 females, who tested positive for COVID-19, had no chronic disease, and received inpatient or outpatient treatment. The patients also filled out a personal information form covering their demographic background, including smoking and exercise history. All participants received favipiravir as the standard medication, and their symptoms and the durations of these symptoms were evaluated using the focus group interview method. We analyzed the data on SPSS 17.0 utilizing Independent T-Test, one-way ANOVA, Chi-Square, and Pearson Correlation tests. Results: The results revealed significant differences between former smokers and those who never smoked and quitted smoking by recovery time (p<0.01). There were also significant differences between those doing exercises actively and those who never did or quitted exercise (p<0.01). Again, with regard to recovery time, we found significant differences between groups that quitted exercise in different periods (p<0.05) and between those with different weights (p<0.05). In addition, we reached smoking cessation time and exercise history had positive relationships with recovery time. Conclusion: Considering the results, we concluded that non-smoking and exercise had a positive impact on avoiding adverse effects of the COVID-19 disease. Keywords: Covid-19, exercise, smoking, sports, acute respiratory syndrome

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF SPIROMETRY OF PATIENTS ATTENDING RESPIRATORY MEDICINE OPD IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTER: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-41
Author(s):  
Vidhi Jobanputra ◽  
Hafiz Deshmukh ◽  
Ashish Deshmukh ◽  
Sunil Jadhav ◽  
Shivprasad Kasat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Respiratory Medicine ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Tertiary Care Center ◽  
Operative Evaluation ◽  
History Of

OBJECTIVE: To study the various spirometry ndings and look for its association with smoking history and use of biomass fuels. METHODS: Spirometry ndings of 375 patients who attend Respiratory medicine OPD from year 2017- 2019 were studied. RESULTS: Out of 375 patients, 95 patients were diagnosed as COPD, 62 as bronchial asthma, 149 had normal spirometry and 69 had restriction. CONCLUSION: In this study we concluded that spirometry plays an intergral role in the diagnosis of bronchial asthma, COPD and restrictive lung diseases. It gives an overview of the decline of lung function with increasing age, smokers, occupational lung exposures, family history of bronchial asthma. Restrictive patterns were most commonly seen in patients who came for pre operative evaluation.

Abstract P558: Identification of Embolic Stroke in Patients With Large Vessel Occlusion

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lan Hong ◽  
Longting Lin ◽  
Gang Li ◽  
Jianhong Yang ◽  
Geng Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perfusion Imaging ◽  
Delay Time ◽  
Validation Cohort ◽  
Embolic Stroke ◽  
Large Vessel ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Large Vessel Occlusion ◽  
Vessel Occlusion ◽  
Derivation Cohort ◽  
History Of

Objective: To develop a simple and objective score using clinical variables and quantified perfusion measures to identify embolic stroke with large vessel occlusions. Methods: Eligible patients from the Chinese centers participating in the International Stroke Perfusion Imaging Registry were included in this study. Patients were split into a derivation cohort (n=213) and a validation cohort (n=116). A score was developed according to the coefficients of independent predictors of embolic stroke from stepwise logistic regression model in the derivation cohort. The performance of the score was validated by assessing its discrimination and calibration. Additionally, a comparison between the area under curve (AUC) of history of atrial fibrillation (AF) alone and history of AF plus the score was also conducted. Results: The independent predictors of embolic stroke made up the Chinese Embolic Stroke Score (CHESS). There were: age (≥64 years, 1 point), non-smoking history (1 point), non-hypertension history (1 point) , baseline NIH Stroke Scale (≥14, 1 point) and delay time>6s volume/delay time>3s volume on perfusion imaging (≥0.23, 2 points). The AUC of CHESS in the derivation cohort and validation cohort were 0.80 and 0.72 respectively. Calibration tests indicated high agreement between predicted and observed probabilities. The AUC of AF-plus-CHESS compared to history of AF alone was significant (derivation cohort P<0.001; validation cohort P=0.01). Conclusions: In a Chinese population, CHESS reliably and independently identified embolic stroke as the cause of large vessel occlusion.

The Effect of Crystal Dependence on Brain Activity Related to the Perception of Pleasure Using fMRI

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Yoonessi ◽  
Seyed Amir Hossein Batouli ◽  
Iman Ahmadnezhad ◽  
Hamid Soltanian-zadeh
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Control Study

Background: Addiction is currently one of the problems of human society. Drug abuse is one of the most important issues in the field of addiction. Methamphetamine (crystal) is one of the drugs that has been abused in recent decades. Methods: In this case-control study, 10 individuals aged 20 to 40 years old with at least 2 years of experience of methamphetamine consumption without any history of drug use or other stimulants from clients and drug withdrawal centers in Tehran City, and 10 healthy volunteers were selected. Age, social status, and economic status of addicts were included in the fMRI apparatus, and 90 selected pleasurable, non-pleasurable, and neutral images (IAPS) were displayed by the projector through an event-related method. The playback time of each photo was 3 s, and after this process, the person outside the device, without the time limit selected the enjoyable and unpleasant images. Results: The results showed that there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of age, alcohol use, and smoking history (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in terms of the age at first use between members of the methamphetamine-dependent group. Also, the methamphetamine-dependent group showed more brain activity in their pre-center and post-center gyrus than the normal (control) group. Conclusions: According to the results obtained in this study, in general, it can be concluded that there are some areas in the brain of addicts that are activated when watching pleasant photos, while these areas are not active in the brains of normal people.

Healing Pattern of Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture after Posterior Short-segmental Fixation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changxiang Liang ◽  
Guihua Liu ◽  
Guoyan Liang ◽  
Xiaoqing Zheng ◽  
Dong Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Burst Fracture ◽  
Neurological Impairment ◽  
Complete Healing ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Thoracolumbar Burst Fractures ◽  
Burst Fractures ◽  
History Of ◽  
Segmental Fixation

Abstract Background: Vertebral cavity sometimes occurs after posterior short-segmental fixation for thoracolumbar burst fractures, but the risk factor of its formation is unclear. We aim to investigate their vertebral healing pattern and explore the risk factor of vertebral cavities.Methods: The thoracolumbar burst fractured patient treated with posterior short segmental fixation were followed up for minimal 3 years. Healing patterns were observed and divided into 4 healing types according to the integrity status of the endplates and the morphology of the cavities. The demographic characteristics and clinical outcomes were compared between patients with and without vertebra cavities at the last follow-up.Results: The incidence of vertebral cavities in our cohort was 59.6%. Accordingly, the healing pattern of the vertebra were classified as Complete Healing type or Endplate Cavity type, Spherical Cavity type or Burst Cavity type. The proportion of men, history of smoking, severity of neurological impairment and presence of A4 type fracture were significantly higher in the Vertebral Cavity group than the Intact Vertebra group. Clinical outcomes, including ASIA scales,VAS and ODI scores, were similar between the Intact Vertebra group and the Vertebral Cavity group. Conclusions: Vertebral cavities are commonly seen after posterior short-segmental fixation for thoracolumbar burst fractures. The healing pattern can be divided into four types. The presence of vertebral cavity may be related to gender, smoking history and the severity of the fracture. Most of the vertebral cavities are asymptomatic, but the clinical significance needs further study.

Abstract P350: The Link Between Cognitive Function and Cause-specific Mortality in US Adults

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanaz Sedaghat ◽  
Behnam SABAYAN ◽  
Farzaneh A Sorond ◽  
Mercedes R Carnethon
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mortality Table

Introduction: Multiple studies demonstrated an independent and inverse association between cognitive function and mortality but little is known about the cause of death. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that lower cognitive function is related to higher mortality risk and this association is stronger for cardiovascular related deaths. Methods: We included 5569 persons (mean[SE] age 71[0.05], 52% women), from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) with available cognitive function measurements and mortality follow-up. Cognitive domains include orientation, attention, immediate and delayed memory as well as global cognition. We used weighted Cox proportional regression models adjusted for age, sex, education, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, smoking, history of diabetes and cardiovascular disorders. Results: During an average follow-up of 12 years, 1887 participants died from cardiovascular causes and 2675 died from non-cardiovascular causes. Each SD lower global cognitive performance (SD=6) was related to a 1.11 (95% CI: 1.05, 1.17) higher hazard of all-cause mortality. The associations were more prominent with cardiovascular mortality than with non- cardiovascular mortality (Table). Conclusion: Cognitive impairment in the absence of manifest dementia is an important independent predictor of mortality, in particular from cardiovascular causes.

A history of smoking does not reduce long-term benefits of cardiac rehabilitation on cardiorespiratory fitness in men and women with cardiovascular disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Shinkichi Noguchi ◽  
Michael Pryzbek ◽  
Kevin Moncion ◽  
Angelica McQuarrie ◽  
Maureen J. MacDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Smoking Behaviour ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Cardiac Events ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
History Of

Smoking is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is effective for reducing the risk of recurrent cardiac events through improving cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Little is known about the influence of smoking on CRF throughout long-term CR. The purpose of this analysis was to compare CRF trajectories among individuals with positive and negative smoking history enrolled in long-term CR. Participants had a positive smoking history if they currently smoke or formerly smoked (Smoke+, n=55, mean age=64.9 ± 9.0 years) and had a negative history if they never smoked (Smoke–, n=34, mean age=61.4 ± 9.0 years). CRF (VO2peak) was measured at baseline and annually thereafter for 6 years. The Smoke+ group had lower CRF compared to the Smoke– group over enrollment (β=-3.29 (SE=1.40), 95% CI -6.04, -0.54, p=0.02), but there was no interaction of smoking history and enrollment (β=0.35 (SE=0.21), 95% CI -0.06, 0.77, p=0.10). Moreover, trajectories were not influenced by pack-years (β=0.01 (SE=0.01), 95% CI -0.01, 0.04, p=0.23) or time smoke-free (β=-0.002 (SE=0.01), 95% CI -0.02, 0.02, p=0.80). Although the trajectories of CRF do not appear to be affected by smoking behaviour, individuals without a history of smoking maintained higher CRF throughout enrollment. Novelty bullets: • The benefits of long-term exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation on cardiorespiratory fitness are similar between those who have smoked and those who have never smoked. • Neither the number of pack-years nor the length of time spent smoke-free influence cardiorespiratory fitness trajectories following long-term cardiac rehabilitation.

scholarly journals Finding of pathological thrombomodulin gene variant in a patient with idiopathic nodular glomerulosclerosis and chronic thrombotic microangiopathy-like changes

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 2050313X2094051
Author(s):  
Ramy Hanna ◽  
Jonathan E Zuckerman ◽  
Antoney Ferrey ◽  
Everado Arias Torres ◽  
Sam Tonthat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Pathway ◽  
Pathological Finding ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Glomerular Injury ◽  
Nodular Glomerulosclerosis ◽  
Smoking Exposure ◽  
History Of ◽  
Idiopathic Nodular Glomerulosclerosis

Idiopathic nodular glomerulosclerosis is an unusual histopathological finding that has commonly been observed in male smokers with hypertension. It has remained an enigmatic condition and is best described as a diabetic pattern of glomerular injury seen in non-diabetic patients. It is also one of the few nicotine (smoking)-associated/smoking-associated patterns of renal injury. We present an even more unusual manifestation of this pathological finding in a 59-year-old Hispanic female who presented with chronic kidney disease approaching need for renal replacement therapy. The patient had idiopathic nodular glomerulosclerosis on kidney biopsy, despite no prior history of diabetes, nor smoking history, including no secondhand smoking exposure. The patient did have hypertension. The renal biopsy also showed evidence of chronic thrombotic-microangiopathic changes within arteries and arterioles. Genetic testing of the alternative pathway revealed an unusual and likely pathological variant of thrombomodulin supporting complement dysfunction as having a role in the presentation.

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