scholarly journals 823 PB 272 CAN A POROUS CERAMIC SOIL AMENDMENT LIMIT WATER STRESS OF CONTAINER-GROWN IMPATIENS `ACCENT RED'?

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 551c-551
Author(s):  
Michael B. Triff ◽  
Timothy J. Smalley ◽  
Mark Rieger ◽  
David Radcliffe
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Porous Ceramic ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Visual Quality ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Xylem Pressure Potential

Isolite is a ceramic-like, porous soil amendment purported to sustain plant growth under reduced irrigation and increase plant survival during drought. The purpose of this greenhouse experiment was to determine the effect of an Isotite-amended soilless container medium on: (1) growth under reduced irrigation frequency and (2) water stress during drought of Impatiens × hybrids `Accent Red'. On 2 June 1993, seedlings were transplanted into 13.2 liter black plastic pots containing a 4:1 composted pine bark:coarse sand (vol.) medium amended with Isolite CG-1 granules at rates of 0%, 10%, 15%, and 20% (vol.). Study I. Seedlings were. irrigated with 500 ml tap water every two days for two weeks followed by a 4 week schedule of 500 ml tap water every 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 days. In general, growth parameters were explained by irrigation treatment effects and did not differ with Isolite rate. Growth indices ranged from +54% to + 143%, while final visual quality grades ranged from 2.4 to 5.0 (5-point scale), shoot dry weight from 8.7 to 30.7 g, root dry weight from 2.0 to 7.9 g, and leaf area from 0.14 to 0.48 m2. Study II. Seedlings were irrigated with 500 ml tap water every 2 days for rive weeks followed by a two week drought. Plant water status parameters were similar at all rates of Isolite. Leaf expansion rates ranged from + 89% to +98%, white a final mid-day xylem pressure potential of -0.4 MPa and a final visual quality grade of 2.0 were uniform across all treatments. Under these conditions, Isolite did not limit water stress of container-grown Impatiens `Accent Red'.

scholarly journals Water-Stress Influences on Three New Promising HLB-Tolerant Citrus Rootstocks

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 336
Author(s):  
Lidia Aparicio-Durán ◽  
Frederick G. Gmitter ◽  
Juan M. Arjona-López ◽  
Rocío Calero-Velázquez ◽  
Áurea Hervalejo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Carrizo Citrange ◽  
Citrus Rootstock ◽  
Chlorophyll Index ◽  
Stress Influences ◽  
Water Treatments

Drought and flooding conditions are increasingly common abiotic factors that affect citrus crops in both the Mediterranean Basin and Florida. Furthermore, emerging diseases, such as Huanglongbing (HLB), are a potential risk for these crops in those producing areas. This study aimed to evaluate the behavior under water-stress treatments of three new citrus rootstocks (UFR-6, B11R5T60, and 2247 x 6070-02-2) with reported tolerance of HLB, comparing them with a common commercial citrus rootstock (Carrizo citrange). Four water conditions were established: Control, Medium Water Stress (MWS), Drought, and Flooding. Chlorophyll index (SPAD), growth in height, relative growth rate, biomass (fresh and dry weight) and plant water status were evaluated. Citru rootstock response were different for each genotype; Carrizo citrange was negatively affected by all water treatments in the chlorophyll index (SPAD) and biomass production. By contrast, UFR-6 showed a positive response in SPAD and growth under MWS and Drought, B11R5T60 displayed similar behavior to Control under all water stresses, and the response of 2247 x 6070-02-2 under MWS treatment was adequate but was not under Drought or Flooding conditions. Our study describes the behavior of these promising new citrus rootstocks against water stress; B11R5T60 exhibiting the best performance. These results can be useful for the citrus industry to address water-stress problems in these crops.

Water status and yield of sunflowers (Helianthus annuus) subjected to water stress during four stages of development

1977 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 663-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Sionit
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Sunflower Seed ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Head Formation ◽  
Total Dry Weight

SummaryThe effects on seed yield of two levels of water stress at four stages of development were investigated in two varieties of sunflower, Krasnodarets and Record. The plants were grown from seed in large pots in an air-conditioned glasshouse at 26/20 °C and 70% relative humidity, with natural summer illumination. They were subjected to water stress before head formation, during head formation, during flowering, and during seed development.The leaf water potential of plants subjected to a water stress of – 16 bars returned to normal after rewatering, but plants subjected to – 23 bars did not return to their prestress level and some leaves died. A water stress of – 16 bars caused no significant reduction in dry weight of the vegetative structures, but stress at all stages of growth reduced seed yield. A water stress of – 23 bars reduced both total dry weight and seed yield at all stages of growth, seed yield being reduced more by a stress of – 23 bars than of – 16 bars. Oil content was slightly reduced by water stress.Water stress during anthesis reduced sunflower seed yield more than during later stages of development.

Incorporation de résidus organiques dans un substrat tourbeux pour la production d'impatiens et de géraniums

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-138
Author(s):  
Fabienne Gauthier ◽  
Serge Gagnon ◽  
Blanche Dansereau
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Visual Quality ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Paper Sludge ◽  
Organic Residues ◽  
Top Dry Weight ◽  
Impatiens Wallerana

During winter 1994 and spring-summer 1994, seedlings of Impatiens wallerana 'Accent Coral' and Pelargonium × hortorum 'Orbit Hot Pink' were grown in a commercial substrate (PRO-MIX 'BX') or in one of 24 substrates composed of perlite (35% by volume), peat moss and of six organic residues (composted water-treated sludge, forestry compost, fresh or composted used peat extracted by biofilter during treatment of municipal water, and fresh or composted paper sludge). The purpose of the study was to determine the maximal proportion of these residues to be incorporated into a peat substrate to obtain quality plants. Growth parameters (growth index, top dry weight, and visual quality) generally decreased with increasing proportion (5, 10, 25 or 40% per volume). During the winter experiment, growth of control plants was superior to growth of plants grown in substrates composed of residues. An incorporated proportion of 25% per volume was shown to be maximal for the production of impatiens and geraniums. Key words: Impatiens wallerana, Pelargonium × hortorum, water treated sludge, composted wastes, peat moss, subirrigation

scholarly journals 167 COMPARISONS OF GREENHOUSE BENCHING / IRRIGATION SYSTEMS FOR WATER USE, FERTILIZER USE, AND CROP QUALITY WITH POINSETTIAS AND GERANIUMS.

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 452f-452
Author(s):  
Dawn M. Alleman ◽  
Thomas C. Weiler
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Efficiency ◽  
Delivery Methods ◽  
Harvest Data ◽  
Soluble Fertilizer ◽  
Nutrient Analyses

Four experiments were conducted over 2 years focusing on water and fertilizer delivery methods with emphasis on minimal resource use. Poinsettia `Freedom', `Celebrate 2'. `Peppermint Pink', `Angelika White', `Lilo' and `Angelika Marble' and geranium `Kim', `Aurora', Ritz', and `Melody' cuttings were grown in 6 inch pots with peat-lite mix and were harvested at marketable size. Nitrogen efficiency was compared by replicating each irrigation treatment with soluble fertilizer (SF) and controlled release fertilizer (CRF). Crops grown with SF were started at 225ppm N for several weeks, then finished at 125ppm N after monitored EC had dropped below 1000μS. CRF treatments were potted up with 1.6 total grams of N available to the plant and irrigated throughout production with tap water. Irrigation treatments included: drip tube leaching, drip tube, ebb & flow, trough. trough lined with capillary mat, trough lined with plastic-covered capillary mat, flats of capillary mat, flats with plastic-covered capillary mat. Daily irrigation volumes were recorded. Weekly data collection included EC, pH, nitrate nitrogen. and ammonium nitrogen. Harvest data included plant dry weight, and total nutrient analyses of plants and substrate. Water efficiency was significantly improved in recirculating systems and with capillary mat systems. No significance was noticed in dry weight or final nutrient analyses across treatments. Significance existed in water quality throughout crop production.

scholarly journals RESPOSTAS FISIOLÓGICAS E BIOQUÍMICAS DE PLANTAS DE AROEIRA (Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão) AO DÉFICIT HÍDRICO E POSTERIOR RECUPERAÇÃO

Irriga ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 705-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Silva Costa ◽  
Antonio Lucineudo Oliveira Freire ◽  
Ivonete Alves Bakke ◽  
Francisco Hevilásio Freire Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Photosynthesis Rate ◽  
Organic Solutes ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Black Plastic

RESPOSTAS FISIOLÓGICAS E BIOQUÍMICAS DE PLANTAS DE AROEIRA (Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão) AO DÉFICIT HÍDRICO E POSTERIOR RECUPERAÇÃO  AMANDA SILVA COSTA1; ANTONIO LUCINEUDO DE OLIVEIRA FREIRE2; IVONETE ALVES BAKKE3 E FRANCISCO HEVILÁSIO FREIRE PEREIRA4 1Engenheira Florestal - Mestre em Ciências Florestais pelo Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Florestais – Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Florestal - Universidade Federal de Campina Grande/UFCG, Patos, PB, Brasil, [email protected] Agrônomo – Doutor - Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Florestal - Universidade Federal de Campina Grande/UFCG, Patos, PB, Brasil, [email protected] Florestal – Doutora - Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Florestal - Universidade Federal de Campina Grande/UFCG, Patos, PB, Brasil, [email protected] Agrônomo – Doutor - Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências Agrárias - Universidade Federal de Campina Grande/UFCG, Pombal, PB, Brasil, [email protected]  1 RESUMO A aroeira (Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão) vem sendo explorada de forma desordenada, ocasionando redução drástica no número de indivíduos, fazendo com que passasse a fazer parte da lista de espécies ameaçadas de extinção, sendo oportuna a prioridade da conservação. No entanto, pouco se sabe a respeito de aspectos relacionados à sua fisiologia, principalmente acerca dos mecanismos fisiológicos que determinam sua tolerância à seca. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as trocas gasosas e o acúmulo de solutos orgânicos em plantas jovens de aroeira submetidas ao déficit hídrico e posterior recuperação. Plantas com doze meses de idade, mantidas em sacos plásticos pretos, contendo 5 kg de uma mistura de solo e esterco bovino (2:1) foram submetidas aos tratamentos irrigados (controle) e de déficit hídrico, o qual foi imposto através da suspensão da irrigação. Decorridos 12 dias de déficit hídrico, as plantas foram reidratadas. As plantas sob déficit hídrico apresentaram teor relativo de água de 70% ao final do período de estresse. O déficit hídrico promoveu redução progressiva na condutância estomática, na transpiração, na fotossíntese líquida e na eficiência no uso da água das plantas. A concentração intercelular de CO2 e as concentrações foliares de açúcares totais e aminoácidos solúveis totais aumentaram. Após a retomada da irrigação, ocorreu rápida recuperação no teor relativo de água, mas a recuperação da condutância estomática e da fotossíntese líquida ocorreu mais lentamente. As plantas de aroeira foram capazes de recuperar o status hídrico e o funcionamento do mecanismo estomático e fotossintético após a recuperação, demonstrando tolerância ao déficit hídrico. Palavras-chave: Fotossíntese, solutos orgânicos, trocas gasosas, tolerância à seca.  COSTA, A, S.; FREIRE, A. L. O.; BAKKE, I. A.; PEREIRA, F. H. R.PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL RESONSES OF Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão  PLANTS TO WATER DEFICIT AND REHYDRATION   2 ABSTRACT Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemao plants have been explored in a disorderly way, which   has caused   a sharp reduction in the number of individuals, and  put  them on  the list of endangered species. Therefore, their conservation became timely priority. However, little is known about aspects concerning their physiology, mainly those related to physiological mechanisms which determine their drought tolerance.   The objective of this study was to evaluate the stomatal behavior and accumulation of organic solutes in young plants subjected to water stress and subsequent rehydration.  Twelve  month-old  plants, kept in black plastic bags, with 5 kg of a mixture of soil and bovine manure (2:1) were subjected to irrigation treatment (control) and water deficit by irrigation withdrawal. After 12 day-water deficit, plants were rehydrated.  Plants under water deficit showed relative water content of 70% at the end of the stress. Water stress caused progressive reduction in stomatal conductance, transpiration,  photosynthesis rate  and water use efficiency of plants. Intercellular concentration of CO2   and leaf concentrations of total sugar and soluble amino acids increased.   After resumption of irrigation, rapid recovery of relative content of water was observed in the second day, but recovery of the stomatal conductance and photosynthesis rate was slower.  Plants were able to recover   the water status and functioning of the stomatal and photosynthetic mechanisms after rehydration, which shows their tolerance to water stress. Keywords: Photosynthesis, organic solutes, gas exchanges, drought  tolerance. 

scholarly journals Responses of Maize Varieties to Salt Stress in Relation to Germination and Seedling Growth

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuurismaan Hassan ◽  
Md. Kamrul Hasan ◽  
Md. Obaidullah Shaddam ◽  
Mohammad Sohidul Islam ◽  
Celaleddin Barutçular ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Maize Varieties

A pot experiment was carried out at the Laboratory of Department of Agronomy, Hajee Mohamad Danesh Science and Technology University (HSTU), Bangladesh during 2016 to evaluate the response of maize varieties at germination and seedling growth stages under salt stress. The seeds of the BARI (Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute) developed four maize varietiesviz.Barnali, Khoi Vutta, Mohor and BARI Maize 5 were placed in plastic pots (each of 25 cm length and 12 cm width) on sand bed irrigated with tap water (control), 100 and 200 mM NaCl salt solutions. It was replicated in thrice with completely randomized design (CRD). Salinity stress significantly affected the germination characters and seedling growth parameters of maize varieties. The germination percentages (GP) and germination rate (GR) reduced significantly with increasing salinity, and the variety Khoi Vutta showed the highest GP and GR followed by Barnali and Mohor showed the lowest GP and GR followed by BARI maize 5. Under high salinity level, seedling growths characteristics like shoot and root lengths, fresh and dry weight of shoot and roots reduced remarkably in the variety Mohor indicating salt susceptible while the minimum reduction of the aforementioned traits was observed in the variety Khoi Vutta demonstrating high salt tolerant variety. The studied varieties can be ranked on the basis of salt tolerance as Khoi Vutta > Barnali > BARI Maize 5 > Mohor from the experiment.

scholarly journals ↵​Impact of A Selected Mycorrhizal Complex and A Rhizobacterial Species on Tomato Plants’ Growth under Water Stress Conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slimani Afafe ◽  
Harkousse Oumaima ◽  
Mazri Mouaad Amine ◽  
Zouahri Abdelmajid ◽  
Ouahmane Lahcen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
The Impact

Background: Plant strategies for adapting to drought could be improved by associations between plant roots and soil microorganisms, including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). In this study, the impact of a selected AMF complex and a selected PGPR species on the growth of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) under induced water stress was evaluated. Methods: Three different inoculation treatments were applied to tomato seedlings (a complex of AMF composed mainly of Glomus genus a Bacillus sp. PGPR treatment and a combination of both) and three different water levels (75%, 50% and 25% of field capacity). Result: A significant damaging impact of drought on tomato growth parameters and root mycorrhizal colonization, although the presence of microbes stimulated tomato plants growth and decreased the impact ofdrought stress. Indeed inoculated plants presented greater heights, fresh and dry weights, leaves number and area; greater water status; and greater proteins, sugars and chlorophylls contents either with the AMF complex or the Bacillus sp. in normal and drought stress conditions compared to the non-inoculated plants. However dual inoculation recorded the highest values under all water levels treatments.

scholarly journals Salinity Tolerance of Muntries (Kunzea pomifera F. Muell.), a Native Food Crop in Australia

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 1562-1569
Author(s):  
Chi M. Do ◽  
Kate L. Delaporte ◽  
Vinay Pagay ◽  
Carolyn J. Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Exclusion Mechanism ◽  
Severe Growth ◽  
Global Food ◽  
Leaf Symptoms

Identifying productive food crops that tolerate moderate soil salinity is critical for global food security. We evaluate the salinity tolerance of Kunzea pomifera (muntries), a traditional Indigenous food plant that grows naturally in coastal regions of southern Australia and thrives on relatively low rainfall. A range of saline irrigation treatments were tested on four genotypes: tap water, 50, 200, 300, and 400 mm NaCl [Maarten’s Favorite (MF)] and up to 200 mm NaCl (MP1, SES2, and CJ1). After a 10-week saline irrigation treatment at 50 mm NaCl, SES2 appeared to have the highest salt tolerance of all genotypes based on no significant change in the number of secondary branches. At 50 mm NaCl, sodium accumulated significantly in roots but not the leaves of three genotypes, suggesting an active shoot exclusion mechanism. At 200 mm NaCl, plant growth decreased, Na+ and Cl− generally accumulated to significantly higher levels in leaves, compared with 50 mm NaCl, whereas potassium (K+) levels were unchanged. At high NaCl (300 and 400 mm), MF showed severe growth retardation with leaf symptoms appearing in week 9. Our results indicate that two genotypes of K. pomifera, SES2 and CJ1, are moderately salt tolerant based on modest reductions in three growth parameters at 50 mm NaCl, compared with MF and MP1. Further evaluation of the natural diversity of this species should reveal a range of diverse mechanisms of salinity tolerance thus providing a new fruit crop for moderately saline soils. Chemical names: NaCl (sodium chloride).

scholarly journals Evaluation of Blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) Genotypes for their Tolerance to Flooding

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 89-101
Author(s):  
MS Rana ◽  
MA Hossain ◽  
TA Urmi ◽  
S Ahmed ◽  
MM Haque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Pod Length ◽  
Selection Of

Waterlogging is one the major abiotic stresses that affects growth and yield of blackgram. A field experiment was carried out at the experimental field of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706 during kharif II season to evaluate 26 blackgram genotypes for understanding the flood tolerance in respect of yield and yield contributing characters. The experiment was laid out with a randomized complete block design with three replications. Water logging depth was 3-5 cm, created by irrigation from tap water and imposed at 29 days after emergence of seedlings which was maintained for 8 days. Multivariate analysis was performed involving eight qualitative plant characters. A wide range of variation was found for all the qualitative plant characters like plant height, plant dry weight, branches per plant, pods per plant, pod length, seeds per pod, 1000-seed weight and yield per plant. Flooding reduced all the growth parameters of blackgram but degree of reduction varied greatly over the blackgram genotypes. Considering yield performance, the genotypes BU Acc 25 showed the highest yield per plant (9.03 g) followed by the BU Acc 17 (6.47 g) and BU Acc 24 (6.17) under flooding . The yield reduction percent of the same genotypes were minimum (43.86, 60.82 and 65.96, respectively) compared to control which is very important for selection of those genotypes as a flooding tolerant. The Agriculturists 2019; 17(1-2) 89-101

scholarly journals Effects of Vine Water Status and Exogenous Abscisic Acid on Berry Composition of Three Red Wine Grapes Grown under Mediterranean Climate

Horticulturae ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Massimiliano Cocco ◽  
Luca Mercenaro ◽  
Mauro Lo Cascio ◽  
Giovanni Nieddu
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Exogenous Aba ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Qualitative Performance ◽  
Berry Composition ◽  
Response To Water

Beyond climatic conditions, qualitative performance is led by the intrinsic characteristics of the genotype. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between vine water status and exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) application on berry composition of the cultivars Cannonau, Merlot and Sangiovese. The experiment, carried out in 2016 and 2017, consisted of comparing two levels of irrigation treatments, full irrigation versus a non-irrigation treatment. Within each treatment, two sub-treatments were set up: (i) 4 mL L−1 of exogenous ABA applied at veraison to clusters only and subsequently repeated after six days; (ii) a control (untreated vines). The application of different irrigation regimes confirmed that the response to water stress is highly cultivar-dependent. Berry composition was influenced differently among cultivars by water stress. In terms of metabolites, positive influences were observed with Cannonau. No significant effects were observed by spraying exogenous ABA directly on grapes. Moreover, no significant interactions were found between the application of water stress and ABA. Exogenous ABA application did not appear to be a viticultural practice capable of influencing must composition in environments characterized by severe environmental conditions such as heat and drought.

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