(447) Response of Two Salt-stressed Cultivars of Sweetpotato to Changes in Calcium Levels under In Vitro Conditions

Two cultivars of sweetpotato, `Commensal' and `Salyboro', were subjected to salt stress using axillary bud cultures. The salt levels ranged from 0 to 10 g·L-1. After the initial experiments, levels of calcium in the medium were changed from 3 mm in the MS medium to 1.5, 6, and 12 mm. After 10 weeks of growth, plantlet shoot height, dry weight, number of nodes, levels of proline, soluble carbohydrate, and protein were measured. `Commensal' was tolerant to salt levels up to 4 g·L-1, but `Salyboro' was sensitive to concentrations of salt even at lower concentrations as evidenced by the growth and dry weight. Proline accumulation was higher in the shoot than in the root. The protein: carbohydrate ratios did not change much in `Commensal', but levels of carbohydrates increased in `Salyboro'. Reduction in calcium levels had a synergistic affect on salt-stressed cultivars. Enhanced levels of calcium reduced the inhibitory affects of salt stress. This was more pronounced in `Salyboro', which was susceptible. Proline levels were higher in plants subjected to salt stress and higher levels of calcium than controls, but lower than the plants subjected to salt stress. These and other metabolic changes suggest that calcium can reduce the adverse affects of salt stress in these two sweetpotato cultivars.

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(295) Relationship Between Macromolecule and Metal Ion Accumulation in Two Salt-stressed Cultivars of Sweetpotato under In Vitro Conditions

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.41.4.1079a ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 1079A-1079

Author(s):

Devi Prasad V. Potluri

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Metal Ion ◽

Ipomoea Batatas ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Soluble Carbohydrates ◽

Soluble Carbohydrate ◽

Shoot Height ◽

Sodium Accumulation ◽

Carbohydrate Levels

Two cultivars of sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.], Commensal and Salyboro, were subjected to salt stress using axillary bud cultures. The salt levels ranged from 0–150 mM. After 10 weeks of growth, plantlet shoot height, dry weight, number of nodes, levels of proline, soluble carbohydrate, and protein; and metal ions sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium, were measured. In both cultivars, proline accumulation was higher in the shoot. There was a positive correlation between the increase in soluble carbohydrates and proteins in `Commnesal', but not in `Salyboro'. More sodium accumulated in the shoots of `Salyboro' compared to `Commensal'. The accumulation of sodium reduced the calcium and potassium, but not magnesium levels. Increase in sodium levels correlated with the increase in soluble carbohydrate levels is `Salyboro', but not in `Commensal'. A similar trend was evident with praline and sodium accumulation. Based on these and previous results, the cultivar `Salyboro' appears to be more susceptible to salt stress.

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Halotolerant Microbial Consortia for Sustainable Mitigation of Salinity Stress, Growth Promotion, and Mineral Uptake in Tomato Plants and Soil Nutrient Enrichment

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13158369 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (15) ◽

pp. 8369

Author(s):

Chintan Kapadia ◽

R. Z. Sayyed ◽

Hesham Ali El Enshasy ◽

Harihar Vaidya ◽

Deepshika Sharma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Salinity Stress ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Stress Factors ◽

Microbial Consortia ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Mineral Uptake ◽

Shoot Height ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Secondary Roots

Salinity significantly impacts the growth, development, and reproductive biology of various crops such as vegetables. The cultivable area is reduced due to the accumulation of salts and chemicals currently in use and is not amenable to a large extent to avoid such abiotic stress factors. The addition of microbes enriches the soil without any adverse effects. The effects of microbial consortia comprising Bacillus sp., Delftia sp., Enterobacter sp., Achromobacter sp., was evaluated on the growth and mineral uptake in tomatoes (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) under salt stress and normal soil conditions. Salinity treatments comprising Ec 0, 2, 5, and 8 dS/m were established by mixing soil with seawater until the desired Ec was achieved. The seedlings were transplanted in the pots of the respective pH and were inoculated with microbial consortia. After sufficient growth, these seedlings were transplanted in soil seedling trays. The measurement of soil minerals such as Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Mn, and pH and the Ec were evaluated and compared with the control 0 days, 15 days, and 35 days after inoculation. The results were found to be non-significant for the soil parameters. In the uninoculated seedlings’ (control) seedling trays, salt treatment significantly affected leaf, shoot, root dry weight, shoot height, number of secondary roots, chlorophyll, and mineral contents. While bacterized seedlings sown under saline soil significantly increased leaf (105.17%), shoot (105.62%), root (109.06%) dry weight, leaf number (75.68%), shoot length (92.95%), root length (146.14%), secondary roots (91.23%), and chlorophyll content (−61.49%) as compared to the control (without consortia). The Na and K intake were higher even in the presence of the microbes, but the beneficial effect of the microbe helps plants sustain in the saline environment. The inoculation of microbial consortia produced more secondary roots, which accumulate more minerals and transport substances to the different parts of the plant; thus, it produced higher biomass and growth. Results of the present study revealed that the treatment with microbial consortia could alleviate the deleterious effects of salinity stress and improve the growth of tomato plants under salinity stress. Microbial consortia appear to be the best alternative and cost-effective and sustainable approach for managing soil salinity and improving plant growth under salt stress conditions.

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Adjustment of Mineral Elements in the Culture Medium for the Micropropagation of Three Vriesea Bromeliads from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest: The Importance of Calcium

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.44.1.106 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 106-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Alice Noemí Aranda-Peres ◽

Lázaro Eustáquio Pereira Peres ◽

Edson Namita Higashi ◽

Adriana Pinheiro Martinelli

Keyword(s):

New Media ◽

Mineral Composition ◽

Culture Media ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Defined Medium ◽

Ms Medium ◽

Media Formulation ◽

Half Strength

Many different species of Bromeliaceae are endangered and their conservation requires specific knowledge of their growth habits and propagation. In vitro culture of bromeliads is an important method for efficient clonal propagation and in vitro seed germination can be used to maintain genetic variability. The present work aims to evaluate the in vitro growth and nutrient concentration in leaves of the epiphyte bromeliads Vriesea friburguensis Mez, Vriesea hieroglyphica (Carrière) E. Morren, and Vriesea unilateralis Mez, which exhibit slow rates of growth in vivo and in vitro. Initially, we compared the endogenous mineral composition of bromeliad plantlets grown in half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium and the mineral composition considered adequate in the literature. This approach suggested that calcium (Ca) is a critical nutrient and this was considered for new media formulation. Three new culture media were defined in which the main changes to half-strength MS medium were an increase in Ca, magnesium, sulfur, copper, and chloride and a decrease in iron, maintaining the nitrate:ammonium rate at ≈2:1. The main difference among the three new media formulated was Ca concentration, which varied from 1.5 mm in half-strength MS to 3.0, 6.0, and 12 mm in M2, M3, and M4 media, respectively. Consistently, all three species exhibited significantly higher fresh and dry weight on M4, the newly defined medium with the highest level of Ca (12 mm). Leaf nitrogen, potassium, zinc, magnesium, and boron concentrations increased as Ca concentration in the medium increased from 1.5 to 12 mm.

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In vitro growth and development of Dendrobium hybrid orchid

Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.3329/bjar.v35i3.6457 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 507-514 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

H Khatun ◽

MM Khatun ◽

MS Biswas ◽

MR Kabir ◽

M Al-Amin

Keyword(s):

Growth Regulators ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Ms Medium ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Maximum Weight ◽

Shoot Height ◽

Single Shoot ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Regenerated Plantlets

The experiment was conducted to investigate the combined effect of different plant growth regulators and charcoal supplementation in MS medium on growth and development of plantlets regenerated from protocorm like bodies (PLBs) of hybrid orchid. The combination of BAP + NAA, BAP + IAA, BAP + IBA, and IAA + IBA at different concentrations with charcoal supplementation was studied. The result revealed that the use of different growth regulators had significant effect on different parameters studied. The maximum weight of PLBs (5.123 g) was obtained from the combination of BAP + IBA at 1.0 mg/l each. The highest shoot height (3.239 cm) and maximum number of rooted plantlets (4.473) was obtained from 1.0 mg/l each of BAP + NAA combination. The maximum number of leaves (3.490) and the maximum length of leaves (1.946 cm) were obtained from 1.0 mg/l each of BAP + IBA and the highest leaf width (1.166 cm) was obtained from 0.5 mg/l BAP +1.0 mg/l IBA combination. The highest root length was obtained from 0.5 mg/l each of BAP + IAA and the maximum number of regenerated plantlets (20) was obtained from 0.5 mg/l IAA + 1.0 mg/l IBA combination. However, the maximum fresh weight of single shoot (0.219 g) and the maximum number of roots per plantlet (6.300) was obtained from 1.0 mg/I each of IAA + IBA combination. Keywords: Dedrobium; orchid; hybrid; In vitro growth. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v35i3.6457Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 35(3) : 507-514

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Genetic diversity among Asparagus species using morphological characteristics and RAPD markers in Pakistan

Journal of Biodiversity Conservation and Bioresource Management ◽

10.3329/jbcbm.v5i1.42181 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 13-24

Author(s):

M Irshad ◽

M Idrees ◽

A Tariq ◽

ML Pathak ◽

M Hanif ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Rapd Markers ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Phenotypic Variance ◽

Neighbor Joining ◽

Comparative Performance ◽

Shoot Height

The aim of present research was to study the genetic diversity among Asparagus species and its cultivars using morphological characteristics and RAPD markers. In-vitro and field experiments of 14 germplasm sources of Asparagus species and its cultivars were conducted at the Kohat University of Science and Technology to estimate the comparative performance. Highest genotypic variance, phenotypic variance, genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variance were observed in shoot height in shoot related traits were 318.40, 320.30, 939.34 and 944.96, respectively, whereas highest values for root related traits were observed in root length that were 21.84, 22.35, 141.60 and 144.91 respectively. Among the shoot related traits maximum heritability, genetic advance and genetic gain were calculated for shoot length, while in root related traits these characters were highest for root dry weight. RAPD markers were used to evaluate genetic diversity analysis of 14 germplasm sources of Asparagus species and its cultivars. RAPD markers generated a total of 247 bands, of these 239 bands were polymorphic with average of 34.1 bands per primer. Cluster analysis based on Neighbor Joining methods showed that wild species (A. adsendens, A. densiflorus, A. capitatus, A. gracelus, A. plumosus, A. racemosus and A. setaceus) were genetically distant from A. officinalis and its cultivars (Abril, Apollo, Gersengum, Huchel, Para seletion and Taranga). The results of the present investigations could be particularly used for authentic identification and would be useful for evaluation of genetic improvement of Asparagus species and its cultivars. J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2019, 5(1): 13-24

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Digestibility and chemical composition of fractions of lucerne during spring and summer

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600016877 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 75 (2) ◽

pp. 213-222 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

K. R. Christian ◽

D. B. Jones ◽

M. Freer

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Shoot Height ◽

Time Of Year ◽

Highly Correlated ◽

Leaf Composition

SUMMARYBulk harvests of primary growth were made at intervals during the spring and summer of 2 consecutive years from an ungrazed area of lucerne (Medicago sativa) and the digestibility by sheep was measured. At the same times, shoots of known length representative of the sward were collected, divided into 7·5 cm lengths, and separated into leaf and stem for the determination of ash, nitrogen, cellulose, and in vitro organic matter digestibility.Digestibility and leaf: stem ratio of the bulk harvests decreased and dry matter increased as the season advanced. Leaf composition changed little, but stem increased in lignin and decreased in ash and in vitro digestibility. In vitro digestibility and leaf: stem ratio were highly correlated with sheep digestibility.Chemical composition of shoots of known heights was similar to that of the bulk harvests. Leaf weights/shoot tended to increase linearly with height of shoot, whereas stem increased nearly as the square of the height. Dry matter of leaf and stem were inversely related to leaf:stem ratio. Stem digestibility decreased with leaf:stem ratio and with increase in shoot height.Chemical components of shoot fractions were associated with each other and were largely dependent on the distance from the top of the shoot at which they had been taken, irrespective of shoot height or time of year. Bottom stems had lower ash, nitrogen and digestibility but higher cellulose, dry weight and dry matter than top stems, whose composition approached that of leaves. Leaf fractions showed little consistent trend with position on the shoot.Some of the difficulties in studying changes in plant composition under field conditions are discussed.

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In vitro screening of rice genotypes using polyethylene glycol under drought stress

Progressive Agriculture ◽

10.3329/pa.v27i2.29321 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 128-135 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J Akte ◽

S Yasmin ◽

MJH Bhuiyan ◽

F Khatun ◽

J Roy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Water Content ◽

Relative Water Content ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Proline Accumulation ◽

Shoot Length ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Relative Water

Five rice varieties viz. Binadhan-4, Binadhan-5, Binadhan-6, Binadhan-10 and Iratom-24 were evaluated in vitro under different water stress conditions. Several parameters such as germination percentage, shoot length, root length, shoot-root ratio, fresh weight, dry weight, turgid weight, relative water content and proline accumulation were studied. Drought condition was created by MS medium supplemented with five treatments of PEG, with a control such as 0%, 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% of PEG. The highest germination (100%) was found in the variety Binadhan-10 under low water stress conditions induced by 1% PEG. Similarly, the highest percentage of germination was found in all varieties under control condition (0% PEG). The lowest percentage of germination was obtained in the variety Iratom-24. But under severe stress (4% PEG), the highest percentage of germination was found only in the variety Binadhan-10. Moreover, the variety Binadhan-10 was found to be the best at 4% PEG for shoot length, root length, shoot-root ratio, relative water content and also the best at 1% PEG for fresh weight, dry weight, turgid weight. Water stress decreased relative water content and increased proline accumulation in rice. The highest relative water content was recorded in the variety Binadhan-10 and the lowest value recorded in the variety Binadhan-5. The highest proline content was obtained from the binadhan-6 at the highest treatment (4% PEG). Binadhan-10 showed the best performance almost in all the parameters under drought stress because of its own nature of tolerancy.Progressive Agriculture 27 (2): 128-135, 2016

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In vitro culture of Chrysanthemum plantlets using light-emitting diodes

Open Life Sciences ◽

10.2478/s11535-008-0006-9 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 161-167 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Anželika Kurilčik ◽

Renata Miklušytė-Čanova ◽

Stasė Dapkūnienė ◽

Silva Žilinskaitė ◽

Genadij Kurilčik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Light Emitting Diodes ◽

Spectral Component ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Chrysanthemum Morifolium ◽

Photon Flux ◽

Photon Flux Density ◽

Shoot Height ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Blue Component

AbstractEffects of illumination spectrum on the morphogenesis of chrysanthemum plantlets (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. ‘Ellen’) grown in vitro were studied using an illumination system consisting of four groups of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in the following spectral regions: blue (450nm), red (640nm), red (660nm), and far-red (735nm). Taking into account all differences in shoot height, root length, and fresh and dry weight (FW and DW, respectively), observed while changing the total photon flux density (PFD), the optimal total PFD for growth of chrysanthemum plantlets in vitro was estimated. For 16 h photoperiod and typical fractions of the spectral components (14%, 50%, 28%, and 8%, respectively), the optimal total PFD was found to be 40 µmol m−2 s−1. Our study shows that the blue component in the illumination spectrum inhibits the plantlet extension and formation of roots and simultaneously increases the DW to FW ratio and content of photosynthetic pigments. We demonstrate photomorphogenetic effects in the blue region and its interaction with the fractional PFD of the far-red spectral component. Under constant fractional PFD of the blue component, the root number, length of roots and stems, and fresh weight of the plantlets have a correlated nonmonotonous dependence on the fractional PFD of the far-red component.

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Physiology of Pea Fruits I. the Developing Fruit

Australian Journal of Biological Sciences ◽

10.1071/bi9550137 ◽

1955 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 137 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

HS Mckee ◽

RN Robertson ◽

JB Lee

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Cell Volume ◽

Starch Content ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Metabolic Changes ◽

Soluble Carbohydrate ◽

Soluble Nitrogen ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Protein Nitrogen ◽

Respiration Rates

Pea fruits from two crops were sampled at different times from flowering. Changes in the fresh weight, dry weight, starch, soluble carbohydrate, protein nitrogen, and soluble nitrogen in both seeds and hulls were followed in two seasons and related Jo the changes in cell volume in the seeds. In one season respiration rates and phosphate, pectin, and ascorbic acid contents were also investigated. The seeds gained more carbohydrate and nitrogen than was lost by the hulls. Starch and protein were synthesized rapidly by the seeds. The increase in starch content in the seeds was followed by a decrease in soluble carbohydrate content, after which the seed ceased to accumulate water. These metabolic changes are discussed in the light of recent biochemical knowledge, and in relation to more detailed biochemical investigations in progress.

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IN VITRO CULTURE OF IMMATURE TAXUS EMBRYOS

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.27.6.698d ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 27 (6) ◽

pp. 698d-698 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ching-yeh Hu ◽

Lee Wang ◽

Bernard Wu

Keyword(s):

Embryo Culture ◽

Large Population ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Ms Medium ◽

Embryonic Growth ◽

Embryo Dormancy ◽

Taxol Production ◽

Initial Medium ◽

Mature Seeds

Embryo culture can by-pass yew (Taxus) seed dormancy and produce large population of seedlings to be screened for the anticancer drug, taxol, production. Immature linear embryos from seeds of T. baccata, T. brevifolia. T. cuspidata, and T. media were dissected and cultured. B5 medium supported the best embryonic growth during the initial two week's culture for T. cuspidata and T. baccata. T. brevifolia grew faster on MS medium. Weak embryo dormancy was encountered in T. brevifolia and T. cuspidata from the mature seeds but not from the immature ones. No embryonic growth had been observed in T. media dissected from mature seeds due to strong dormancy. Developing embryos were subsequently transferred to 1/2X B5 medium for germination. Rooting percentage in the mature seed derived T. brevifolia embryos increased from 12.5 to 63.6 when 30 μM GA3 was added to the initial medium. Several hundreds of seedlings of T. baccata. T. brevifolia and T. cuspidata had been acclimatized to the greenhouse conditions. The taxol content of resultant T. cuspidata seedlings was 0.027% (dry weight), while that of T. brevifolia obtained from the wild twig was 0.030%.

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