scholarly journals Mitigation of Drought Stress Damage by Exogenous Application of a Non-Protein Amino Acid γ– Aminobutyric Acid on Perennial Ryegrass

2013 ◽  
Vol 138 (5) ◽  
pp. 358-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanalkumar Krishnan ◽  
Kevin Laskowski ◽  
Vijaya Shukla ◽  
Emily B. Merewitz
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Protein Amino Acid ◽  
Growth Physiology ◽  
Stress Damage

Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) is an important forage and turfgrass species that is sensitive to drought stress. The objective of this study was to investigate whether gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) may play a role in promoting drought tolerance in grass species. GABA was exogenously applied as a foliar spray at the rate of 50 or 70 mm to perennial ryegrass ‘CSI’ under well-watered or drought-stressed conditions in a controlled-environment growth chamber. The effect of GABA on the growth physiology, drought stress response, antioxidant activity, and lipid peroxidation of perennial ryegrass exposed to drought stress was measured. GABA-treated perennial ryegrass exposed to drought stress had higher relative water content (RWC), turf quality, and peroxidase activity and lower wilt rating, canopy temperature depression, electrolyte leakage, and lipid peroxidation compared with untreated plants. GABA application had no significant effect on the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase under well-watered and drought conditions. GABA application at 50 mm was found to be more effective in alleviating drought stress damage in perennial ryegrass. The results from this study suggest that GABA mitigated drought stress damage in perennial ryegrass by maintaining higher RWC and membrane stability.

scholarly journals Nanomaterials. Effective tools for field and horticultural crops to cope with drought stress: A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. e08R01
Author(s):  
Hanafey F. Maswada ◽  
Yasser S. A. Mazrou ◽  
Abdelnaser A. Elzaawely ◽  
Shamel M. Alam-Eldein
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Growth Physiology ◽  
Stress Damage

Drought is the most serious environmental challenge that limits plant growth and causes more severe yield losses than other abiotic stress factors resulting in a serious food shortage. Nanomaterials (NMs) are considered as vital tools to overcome contemporary and future challenges in agricultural production. Recently, NMs have been applied for enhancing seed germination, growth, physiology, productivity and quality attributes of various crops under normal or stress conditions. Up to date, there is no comprehensive review about the potential role of NMs in attenuating the drought-induced adverse effects in crop plants. Thus, this review will highlight this issue. Generally, NMs minimize drought-induced osmotic stress by accumulation of osmolytes that result in osmotic adjustment and improved plant water status. In addition, NMs play a key role to improve root growth, conductive tissue elements and aquaporin proteins facilitating uptake and translocation of water and nutrients. Furthermore, NMs reduce water loss by stomatal closure due to abscisic acid signaling. However, this leads to reduced photosynthesis and oxidative stress damage. At the same time, NMs increase the content of light-harvesting pigments, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants leading to enhancing photosynthesis with reducing oxidative stress damage. Overall, NMs can ameliorate the deleterious effects of drought stress in crop plants by regulation of gene expression and alternation of various physiological and biochemical processes.

scholarly journals GABA: A Key Player in Drought Stress Resistance in Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (18) ◽  
pp. 10136
Author(s):  
Md. Mahadi Hasan ◽  
Nadiyah M. Alabdallah ◽  
Basmah M. Alharbi ◽  
Muhammad Waseem ◽  
Guangqian Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Protein Amino Acid ◽  
Gaba A ◽  
Gaba Production ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Anion Transporter ◽  
Use Efficiency

γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a non-protein amino acid involved in various physiological processes; it aids in the protection of plants against abiotic stresses, such as drought, heavy metals, and salinity. GABA tends to have a protective effect against drought stress in plants by increasing osmolytes and leaf turgor and reducing oxidative damage via antioxidant regulation. Guard cell GABA production is essential, as it may provide the benefits of reducing stomatal opening and transpiration and controlling the release of tonoplast-localized anion transporter, thus resulting in increased water-use efficiency and drought tolerance. We summarized a number of scientific reports on the role and mechanism of GABA-induced drought tolerance in plants. We also discussed existing insights regarding GABA’s metabolic and signaling functions used to increase plant tolerance to drought stress.

scholarly journals In SilicoPrediction of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Type-A Receptors Using Novel Machine-Learning-Based SVM and GBDT Approaches

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhijun Liao ◽  
Yong Huang ◽  
Xiaodong Yue ◽  
Huijuan Lu ◽  
Ping Xuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Type A ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Gradient Boosting ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Sequence Information ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
K Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Protein Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Type

Gamma-aminobutyric acid type-A receptors (GABAARs) belong to multisubunit membrane spanning ligand-gated ion channels (LGICs) which act as the principal mediators of rapid inhibitory synaptic transmission in the human brain. Therefore, the category prediction ofGABAARs just from the protein amino acid sequence would be very helpful for the recognition and research of novel receptors. Based on the proteins’ physicochemical properties, amino acids composition and position, aGABAARclassifier was first constructed using a 188-dimensional (188D) algorithm at 90% cd-hit identity and compared with pseudo-amino acid composition (PseAAC) and ProtrWeb web-based algorithms for humanGABAARproteins. Then, four classifiers including gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT), random forest (RF), a library for support vector machine (libSVM), and k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) were compared on the dataset at cd-hit 40% low identity. This work obtained the highest correctly classified rate at 96.8% and the highest specificity at 99.29%. But the values of sensitivity, accuracy, and Matthew’s correlation coefficient were a little lower than those of PseAAC and ProtrWeb; GBDT and libSVM can make a little better performance than RF andk-NN at the second dataset. In conclusion, aGABAARclassifier was successfully constructed using only the protein sequence information.

scholarly journals Exploration of Chlorophyll a Fluorescence and Plant Gas Exchange Parameters as Indicators of Drought Tolerance in Perennial Ryegrass

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 2736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Dąbrowski ◽  
Aneta H. Baczewska-Dąbrowska ◽  
Hazem M. Kalaji ◽  
Vasilij Goltsev ◽  
Momchil Paunov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Electron Flow ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Fluorescence Signal ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Plant Gas Exchange

Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) belongs to the common cultivated grass species in Central and Western Europe. Despite being considered to be susceptible to drought, it is frequently used for forming the turf in urban green areas. In such areas, the water deficit in soil is recognized as one of the most important environmental factors, which can limit plant growth. The basic aim of this work was to explore the mechanisms standing behind the changes in the photosynthetic apparatus performance of two perennial ryegrass turf varieties grown under drought stress using comprehensive in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence signal analyses and plant gas exchange measurements. Drought was applied after eight weeks of sowing by controlling the humidity of the roots ground medium at the levels of 30, 50, and 70% of the field water capacity. Measurements were carried out at four times: 0, 120, and 240 h after drought application and after recovery (refilling water to 70%). We found that the difference between the two tested varieties’ response resulted from a particular re-reduction of P700+ (reaction certer of PSI) that was caused by slower electron donation from P680. The difference in the rate of electron flow from Photosystem II (PSII) to PSI was also detected. The application of the combined tools (plants’ photosynthetic efficiency analysis and plant gas exchange measurements) allowed exploring and explaining the specific variety response to drought stress.

Gamma Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) and Salinity Impacts Physiological Response and Expression of Salinity-Related Genes in Strawberry cv. Aromas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahar Golnari ◽  
Yavar Vafaee ◽  
Farzad Nazari ◽  
Naser Ghaderi
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Soilless Culture ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Transcription Level ◽  
Protein Amino Acid ◽  
Protection Mechanisms ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions

Abstract Salinity is one of the most crucial abiotic stresses which is the consequence of increase in the concentration of NaCl ions influencing plant’s growth, development, and yield. Gama-butyric acid gamma (GABA) is a non-protein amino acid involved in various metabolic processes that accumulates in many plant species during stress conditions. The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of GABA (0 and 25 mM) and salinity (3 and 5 dS/m) on physiological characteristics and expression pattern of some salinity-related genes in strawberry cv. Aromas under soilless culture condition 12, 24, and 36 h after treatments’ initiation. Based on the results, salinity increased the content of H2O2, MDA, and proline while it decreased the percentage of MSI and the activity of SOD and POD antioxidant enzymes. In contrast, the implementation of GABA not only decreased H2O2 and MDA content, and maintained MSI percentage, but also it improved the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the transcription level of DREB, cAPX, MnSOD, and GST genes. Under non-stress conditions, GABA acted as a mild stressor by imposing effects similar to abiotic stress which could help plants adapt under the adverse environmental conditions. We concluded that strawberry plants represented a higher salinity tolerance by enhancing both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant physiological protection mechanisms and also by increasing the transcription of salinity-related genes upon GABA application.

scholarly journals Effects of 6-Benzyladenine, γ-Aminobutyric Acid, and Nitric Oxide on Plant Growth, Photochemical Efficiency, and Ion Accumulation of Perennial Ryegrass Cultivars to Salinity Stress

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 1418-1422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongjie Ji ◽  
James J. Camberato ◽  
Cankui Zhang ◽  
Yiwei Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Higher Plant

Plant growth regulators (PGRs) can mediate plant response to salinity stress. Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) cultivars of BrightStar SLT, Catalina, Inspire, and SR4660ST were exposed to 0, 100, or 200 mm NaCl for 14 d. 6-benzyladenine (6-BA, 10 µm), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 500 µm), nitric oxide (NO, 200 µm), and H2O were applied to the foliage every day for 3 days before stress and then every 2 days during salinity stress. Averaged across the four cultivars, a foliar spray of NO increased leaf fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW) at 0 mm NaCl, whereas application of 6-BA increased DW and GABA reduced Na+ concentration at 100 mm NaCl, compared with H2O application. Plants treated with 6-BA, GABA, and NO had less chlorotic and necrotic leaf tissue than plants treated with H2O at 200 mm NaCl. Spray of 6-BA and NO increased FW and DW, but application of all three PGRs maintained higher leaf photochemical efficiency and lower leaf Na+ concentration compared with H2O treatment at 200 mm NaCl. Across salinity and PGR treatments, ‘Catalina’ exhibited higher plant height than the ‘Inspire’ and SR4660ST, and SR4660ST had relatively higher Na+ concentration than ‘Catalina’ but not ‘BrightStar SLT’ and ‘Inspire’. The results demonstrate that 6-BA, GABA, and NO ameliorated salinity tolerance of perennial ryegrass by improving growth and photochemical efficiency or reducing Na+ accumulation.

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