scholarly journals Chromosome instability in Alzheimer’s disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 603-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Spremo-Potparevic ◽  
L. Zivkovic ◽  
B. Plecas-Solarovic ◽  
V.P. Bajic
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Chromosome Instability ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Telomere Shortening ◽  
Premature Centromere Division ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Potential Parameters

Alzheimer?s disease (AD), as the most common form of dementia, has for many years attracted the attention of researchers around the world, primarily because of the problems of reliable diagnostic methods that could help in the early detection of this devastating disease. One of the important aspects of genetic research related to AD is the analysis of chromosome instability which includes: aneuploidies of different chromosomes, telomere shortening and the phenomenon of premature centromere division (PCD). The aim of this study was to describe specific biomarkers in different types of cells as potential parameters for the diagnosis of AD in order to promptly recognize pre-symptomatic stages and prevent the development of disease and/or slow down its progression.

scholarly journals DIAGNOSTIC METHODS OF CANINE TRANSMISSIBLE VENEREAL SARCOMA

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
Iryna Pashkevych ◽  
Volodymyr Stybel ◽  
Natalia Soroka
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Alveolar Type ◽  
Diagnostic Efficiency ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Oncological Diseases

Modern diagnostic of oncological diseases, along with classical clinical and morphological methods, provides for the mandatory use of instrumental immunological, immunocytochemical and molecular genetic research methods. The main tasks of such a complex of diagnostic measures are aimed at monitoring oncological diseases at all stages of the diagnostic and treatment process, namely: the detection of a tumor at early stages of its development and the study of changes in metabolic processes in the body under the influence of neoplasms, morphological confirmation of the diagnosis, identification of histostructure and histogenesis of the tumor, determination the degree of its malignancy, detection of metastatic lesion (regional and distant lymph nodes and other organs) or assessment of the risk of its occurrence. It is well know that the early stages of oncological diseases are difficult to diagnose. At the same time, early detection of the disease can save or significantly extend the life of the patient. In such cases, the determination in the blood of specific substances, which are produced by tumors of the respective organs, the so-called oncomarkers, has been successfully used by world medical practice for more than 40 years to establish the affected organ. In combination with instrumental methods (ultrasound, endoscopy, X-ray), diagnostic efficiency is sharply increasing. Successful treatment of malignant tumors is possible under the conditions of their early detection and thorough histological diagnosis. Almost 50 % of the total number of oncologically diseased dogs has tumorous processes in the tissues of their genital organs, aggressiveness and metastasis, which often leads to lethal consequences, even after radical interventions. The aim of our research was to study the histological, cytological and immunohistochemical characteristics of transmissible venereal sarcoma. It has be en established that histologically, the tumor belongs to the low-differentiated round-cellular sarcoma of the alveolar type. Typical is tumor infiltration by lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages. Tumor cells are characterized by the presence of a mesenchymal marker vimentine. A positive local reaction on myogenin, cytokeratin and negative on CD31, CD34, S-100 protein and desmin was observed.

scholarly journals DIABETES DIAGNOSIS BASED ON KNN

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ameer Ali ◽  
Mohammed A. T. Alrubei ◽  
Laith Falah Mohammed Hassan ◽  
Mohannad A. M. Al-Ja'afari ◽  
Saif H. Abdulwahed
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
American Diabetes Association ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Medical Data ◽  
Diabetes Diagnosis ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Training Stage ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Life Threatening

Diabetes is a life-threatening syndrome occurring around the world; it can have huge complications and is documented by large amounts of medical data. Therefore, attempts at early detection of this disease took a large area of research and many methods were used to deal with diabetes. In this paper, different types of KNN algorithm have been used to classify diabetes disease using Matlab. The dataset was generated by the criteria of the American diabetes association. For the training stage, 4900 samples have been used by the classifier learner tool to observe the results. Then, 100 of the data samples were used for the test. The results show that the KNN types (Fine, Weighted, Medium and Cubic) give high accuracy over the Coarse and the Cosine methods. Fine KNN is considered the most suitable according to its accuracy of classified samples. ABSTRAK: Penyakit kencing manis adalah sindrom penyakit ancaman nyawa yang berlaku di seluruh dunia dan ia mempunyai data perubatan yang besar serta komplikasi tinggi. Oleh itu, cubaan dalam mengesan awal penyakit ini mempunyai potensi luas dalam kajian dan banyak kaedah telah digunakan bagi mengkaji penyakit kencing manis. Dalam kajian ini, pelbagai jenis algoritma KNN telah digunakan bagi mengelas penyakit kencing manis menggunakan Matlab. Setdata dihasilkan berdasarkan kriteria Kesatuan Kencing Manis Amerika. Pada peringkat latihan, sebanyak 4900 sampel telah digunakan oleh pelatih alat pengelasan bagi memantau dapatan kajian. Kemudian, 100 daripada sampel data telah digunakan bagi ujian. Keputusan menunjukkan jenis KNN (Halus, Berat, Sederhana dan Kubik) lebih tepat berbanding kaedah Kasar dan Kosinus. KNN Halus di dapati lebih sesuai berdasarkan ketepatan sampel pengelasan.

scholarly journals COVID-19: molecular and serological detection methods

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed E. Dhamad ◽  
Muna A. Abdal Rhida
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
World Health ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Since COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was declared as a pandemic disease by the World Health Organization in early 2020, many countries, organizations and companies have tried to find the best way to diagnose the virus and contain its spreading. SARS-CoV-2 is a positive-sense single RNA (+ssRNA) coronavirus and mainly spreads through droplets, respiratory secretions, and direct contact. The early detection of the virus plays a central role in lowering COVID19 incidents and mortality rates. Thus, finding a simple, accurate, cheap and quick detection approach for SARS-CoV-2 at early stage of the viral infection is urgent and at high demand all around the world. The Food and Drug Administration and other health agencies have declared Emergency Use Authorization to develop diagnostic methods for COVID-19 and fulfill the demand. However, not all developed methods are appropriate and selecting a suitable method is challenging. Among all detection methods, rRT-PCR is the gold standard method. Unlike molecular methods, serological methods lack the ability of early detection with low accuracy. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge about COVID-19 detection methods aiming to highlight the advantages and disadvantages of molecular and serological methods.

scholarly journals Features of the Clinical Course and Prognosis of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Outcomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-429
Author(s):  
Y. B. Vasilyeva ◽  
A. E. Talypov ◽  
M. V. Sinkin ◽  
S. S. Petrikov
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Neurological Status ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Over Time

BACKGROUND. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most important contemporary health issues. According to the World Health Organization, TBI is one of three leading causes of death in the world. Despite the development and widespread use of neuroimaging tools and instrumental research methods, clinical diagnosis of TBI is preferred. It is especially relevant at the prehospital stage when it is impossible to use instrumental diagnostic methods.THE AIM OF THE STUDY. To determine the clinical course features and prognosis of treatment outcomes in patients with various types of traumatic brain damage.MATERIAL AND METHODS. We studied the results of examination and treatment of 100 victims with a severe head injury hospitalized during the first days after receiving an injury and undergoing treatment at the N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute in 2008–2017. Depending on the type of brain injury patients were divided into 3 groups: Group 1 — isolated hematoma (n=20), Group 2 — hematomas and injuries of the brain (n=40), Group 3 — injuries of the brain (n=40). All patients underwent neurological examination, CT scan of the brain upon admission and over time within 12 days after trauma. In 30 victims, intracranial pressure (ICP) was monitored.RESULTS. We revealed features of the dynamics of individual neurological symptoms in patients with different types of brain damage. In patients with isolated hematomas, neurological status was represented mainly with clinic dislocation syndrome and contralateral hematoma hemiparesis, and clinical pattern significantly depended on intracranial hemorrhage. In patients with combination of hematomas and contusions, the neurological status and its dynamics were less dependent on the volume of the hematoma and were mainly determined by contusions of the midline structures of the brain. In patients with brain injuries, neurological status reliably correlated with injuries of midline structures.CONCLUSION. We revealed significant differences in neurological status, its changes over time and correlation with CT findings in patients with different types of traumatic brain injury.Authors declare lack of the conflicts of interests.

scholarly journals Transcranial Doppler sonography as diagnostic method

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 66-70
Author(s):  
Jasminka Đelilović-Vranić
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Transcranial Doppler ◽  
Doppler Sonography ◽  
Transcranial Doppler Sonography ◽  
Primary Prophylaxis ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
The World ◽  
Mortality Causes ◽  
Cv Disease

Having in mind the fact that cerebrovascular disease (CVB) takes today in medicine, in spite of diagnostic and therapeutic modernisation, the third place of mortality causes in the world (behind cordial and malignant diseases, but in front of depressions), and the second place of invalidity cause (right after trauma) as well as the second place of dementia cause (after Alzheimer disease), it urges primary prophylaxis. Developing countries, but before all countries of East and Middle Europe, where is our country, are highly risked areas where CV disease has trend of incidence and total frequency increase. In the neighbouring Croatia today CV disease is at the first place of mortality causes. In the world today 5 million people annually suffer CV disease, in Europe about 700.000, but frequency of suffering on Balkan is about 5 prom. Age of CV disease effecting unfortunately moved towards young age, and today 49% of effected by CV disease are of 46 to 59 years of age. Early detection and treatment of risk factors (before hypertension, smoking, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia, stress and physical non-activities) are the first aspect of CV disease prophylaxis. Together with this aspect of primary prophylaxis is early detection of complications of mentioned risk factors on the walls of blood vessels, before all changing in sense of arteriosclerosis, with consequence of disorder of cerebral haemodynamics. With that objective - verification of circulator and total haemodynamic disorders, there is obvious disclose of non-invasive diagnostic methods, and one of them is Transcranial Doppler Sonography(TCD). TCD is method comfortable for patient, reliable and rather precise, dynamic, and can be repeated several times, without side effects and in comparison with others rather cheap.

Knowledge and Awareness of Dengue Fever

2018 ◽  
pp. 219-222
Author(s):  
Y. Arockia Suganthi ◽  
Chitra K. ◽  
J. Magelin Mary
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Infection Transmission ◽  
Standard Guideline ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
Dengue Prevention ◽  
And Control

Dengue fever is a painful mosquito-borne infection caused by different types of virus in various localities of the world. There is no particular medicine or vaccine to treat person suffering from dengue fever. Dengue viruses are transmitted by the bite of female Aedes (Ae) mosquitoes. Dengue fever viruses are mainly transmitted by Aedes which can be active in tropical or subtropical climates. Aedes Aegypti is the key step to avoid infection transmission to save millions of people in all over the world. This paper provides a standard guideline in the planning of dengue prevention and control measures. At the same time gives the priorities including clinical management and hospitalized dengue patients have to address essentially.

Development and Evaluation of a Tactile Cognitive Function Test Device for Alzheimer’s Disease Early Detection

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiajia Yang ◽  
Mohd Usairy Syafiq ◽  
Yinghua Yu ◽  
Satoshi Takahashi ◽  
Zhenxin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Test Device ◽  
Function Test ◽  
Cognitive Function Test

Platón, Einstein y el triunfo de la imaginatividad cosmológica

1998 ◽  
pp. 87-98
Author(s):  
T. M. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Striking Similarity ◽  
Empirical World ◽  
The World ◽  
Modern Cosmology ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Physical Objects ◽  
Changing World

This article argues the following five claims: 1. Plato’s description of the origins of cosmos in the Timaeus is not a myth, nor something unlikely: when he called it an eikos mythos or eikos logos, he meant a likely or trustworthy account on this very subject. 2. Among the details in this account, the following are prominent and surprising: a) the world was fashioned in time, in that precise point that was the beginning of time; b) several kinds of duration can be distinguished in cosmology (mainly eternity, sempiternity, perpetuity and time); and c) space is an entity characterized by movement and tension. 3. In the Statesman, Plato repeats much the same thing, adding this time the strange notion that the universe’s circular movement is periodically reversed. 4. In spite of the important differences in detail, there is a striking similarity between Plato’s account of the origins of the world and the explanation adopted by much of modern cosmology. 5. What Plato shares with so many instances of recent thought is here termed “cosmological imaginativity”. A first section of the paper deals exclusively with the Timaeus. Claims 1 and 2a are supported by a revision of the meanings of mythos and logos, followed by brief reference and discussion of the argument at Timaeus 27d, leading to the conclusion that Plato affirms that the ever-changing world has indeed had a beginning in time. Claim 2b describes five different types of duration, corresponding to Forms, the Demiurge, Space, the [empirical] world and its contents, physical objects. The second section is concerned with the myth in the Statesman, discussing it as a parallel and describing its peculiar turn to the Timaeus’ cosmology and cosmogony, a complex spheric and dynamic model. After digressing into some important ideas in modern cosmology, touching especially on affinities of some of Einstein’s ideas with of Plato’s own, the paper closes with a discussion of cosmological imaginativity, oriented to recover and recognize fully Plato’s greatness as a cosmologist.

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