European steps to the right to repair: towards a comprehensive approach to a sustainable lifespan of products and materials?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taina Pihlajarinne
2019 ◽  
Vol Special Issue ◽  
pp. 9-28
Author(s):  
Andrzej Kamiński

Poland's regaining independence was connected, among other things, with the organizational arrangement of many services, including the current Police force. On the basis of their hierarchical subordination, the structure, rules of operation, consequently the duties and rights of their members - officers, but also employees who were not officers, called "civil servants", were created. These rights also included the right to promotion, which in the hierarchical system of subordination determines the position of a given officer. The promotion in terms of the position or rank is an expression not only of the culture of a given organisation, but first of all it poses new challenges and duties to the officer - the honour and privilege of managing the force, an organisational unit, an organisational department or finally, and by many put on the first place (the author fully supports this issue) - the possibility of managing people belonging to a given organisational structure. It is an honour and privilege that only a few can have. By the time this happens, however, they have to meet certain formal requirements, which have evolved dramatically over the last century. The aim of this study (which in the future will be the beginning of a comprehensive approach) is to indicate the outline of the requirements in principle, on the basis of the original legal acts concerning the pragmatics of police officers, legally binding in the last century. The author is fully aware of the fact that the quoted legal acts were subject to amendments and he points out the most important ones in his opinion.


2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 1213-1218
Author(s):  
Alexander M. Bidei ◽  
Oleksandr I. Kozachenko ◽  
Mykola O. Gelemei

The aim: To clarify the importance of the need to involve medical professionals, as experts, in the conduction of the investigative actions during the pre-trial investigation of certain types of crimes. Materials and methods: This research is based on the general laws and categories of the Cognition theory and on the framework of materialistic dialectics; it uses a comprehensive approach to the study of the problems under consideration, applies systematic, statistical, historical, legal and comparative legal methods. Conclusions: The need to use specialized medical knowledge depends not on a certain type of crime, but on the specific circumstances of the committed criminal offense. Based on theoretical and practical frameworks, the reasonable practical significance of using specialized medical knowledge during a pre-trial investigation expands and deepens the possibilities of procedural evidence, contributes to the rapid and complete crime disclosure, exposing the wrongdoers and making the right decisions in criminal proceedings.


2021 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 05012
Author(s):  
Anahita Seifi ◽  
Najmeh Razmkhah ◽  
Dmitri Pletnev

The enjoyment of human rights by human beings is a goal which pursued by the right to development through the process of development. By emphasizing the collective spirit and recognizing individual and collective rights and a comprehensive approach to the right to development and strengthening the power of man and society that is reflected in the comprehensive approach to security, can motivate human beings to achieve development, peace and security Provide stable. This paper examines the relationship between development, good governance and economic security. Underdevelopment is the bedrock of insecurity, in other words, development is a prerequisite for security. The root of all insecurity and instability is poverty, and without development there can be no security. There is a link between the right to development and security and the components of good governance, and they reinforce each other. In this article, One of the indicators of the right to development is good governance and its relation to economic security everywhere. Good governance has a positive effect on the implementation of the right to development and access to security.


Electoral democracy combines the ideas and practices of warfare and welfare, where both work in tandem as near synonyms. India’s robust electoral democracy exemplifies this combination in diverse forms. Critically analysing the 2014 Parliamentary elections beyond the seduction of immediacy and bare cold statistics, this book puts human subjectivity at the centre of election studies and, through an anthropological–sociological approach, makes lives—human and non-human, lived and unlived or unlivable—central to any understanding of elections and democracy. Crafting a new, comprehensive approach, this volume looks at the 2014 elections in relation to the changing nature and forms of elections and democracy globally. Coming from multidisciplinary backgrounds, the contributors to this volume use ethnographic observations to open up a space for new theoretical and methodological reflections on the role of media in Indian elections, the shift to the right in 2014 and its consequences, the significance of traditional Hindu spaces such as the river Ganga in BJP’s victory, the role of gurus like Baba Ramdev, and the electoral choices available to and exercised by the minorities, among others.


Author(s):  
Jan Hoffenaar

AbstractThis chapter provides an overview of the development of “New military history,” a general term for the broadening – in subject, approaches and methods – of the traditional, narrow operational military historiography. It first deals with the influence of the social, cultural, gender, and global “turns” in general historiography on military historiography. Next, the benefits and possibilities of these new perspectives in military historiography are analyzed, followed by the risks and potential dangers. Finally, the question of what the core of military history should be is discussed and an attempt is made to describe a “comprehensive approach” to analyze military action taken in the past, with a multifaceted “plan of attack” with several possible “axes of attack.” “New” military historians who use a comprehensive approach are best placed to explain how the course of military action has influenced the general course of history and thereby can make a full-fledged contribution to general historiography. This unique quality also gives them the ability and the right to participate in or even initiate broader academic debates.


Author(s):  
Rasha Odeh ◽  
Samah Abu-Assab

This case study sheds light on the disputable organizational and behavioral management issues which occurred when one of the leading educational centers in the West Bank in Palestine began a process of downsizing. The case explores in a comprehensive approach the downsizing process that took place at the EDU-X Center in 2011 and its impact on the stakeholders of the organization before, during, and after one and a half years of the downsizing. The opinions, arguments, and reasons of top management’s decision to downsize are presented as well as the opinions, arguments, and despair of the employees who survived, were laid off, or resigned. Based on the comprehensive model by Kammeyer-Mueller, Liao, and Arvey (2001), the case shows that the downsizing decision at EDU-X was inevitable and turned out to be the right decision. In conclusion, a number of recommendations are proposed to lessen the undesirable effects of the downsizing process for all stakeholders.


Author(s):  
J. Anthony VanDuzer

SummaryRecently, there has been a proliferation of international agreements imposing minimum standards on states in respect of their treatment of foreign investors and allowing investors to initiate dispute settlement proceedings where a state violates these standards. Of greatest significance to Canada is Chapter 11 of the North American Free Trade Agreement, which provides both standards for state behaviour and the right to initiate binding arbitration. Since 1996, four cases have been brought under Chapter 11. This note describes the Chapter 11 process and suggests some of the issues that may arise as it is increasingly resorted to by investors.


2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Gainotti

Abstract The target article carefully describes the memory system, centered on the temporal lobe that builds specific memory traces. It does not, however, mention the laterality effects that exist within this system. This commentary briefly surveys evidence showing that clear asymmetries exist within the temporal lobe structures subserving the core system and that the right temporal structures mainly underpin face familiarity feelings.


Author(s):  
J. Taft∅

It is well known that for reflections corresponding to large interplanar spacings (i.e., sin θ/λ small), the electron scattering amplitude, f, is sensitive to the ionicity and to the charge distribution around the atoms. We have used this in order to obtain information about the charge distribution in FeTi, which is a candidate for storage of hydrogen. Our goal is to study the changes in electron distribution in the presence of hydrogen, and also the ionicity of hydrogen in metals, but so far our study has been limited to pure FeTi. FeTi has the CsCl structure and thus Fe and Ti scatter with a phase difference of π into the 100-ref lections. Because Fe (Z = 26) is higher in the periodic system than Ti (Z = 22), an immediate “guess” would be that Fe has a larger scattering amplitude than Ti. However, relativistic Hartree-Fock calculations show that the opposite is the case for the 100-reflection. An explanation for this may be sought in the stronger localization of the d-electrons of the first row transition elements when moving to the right in the periodic table. The tabulated difference between fTi (100) and ffe (100) is small, however, and based on the values of the scattering amplitude for isolated atoms, the kinematical intensity of the 100-reflection is only 5.10-4 of the intensity of the 200-reflection.


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