Peak Event: The Rise, Crisis and Decline of Large Events

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Müller ◽  
David Gogishvili ◽  
Sven Daniel Wolfe ◽  
Christopher Gaffney ◽  
Miriam Hug ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
ijd-demos ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siva Yolla Mardiana

the purpose of Earth Hour and the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) invite people around the world to continue to be a part of the social movement in the field of climate change with one of the energy-saving activities. In their campaign, Earth Hour proved to be a dominant force among other powers, associated with the three pillars of power, between political power and economic power. Environmental issues have become a global issue, a variety of damage that occurs on earth has become a serious concern by many. There are many organizations, communities and also mass movements that are concerned with environmental issues. Earth Hour is a global movement that initially campaigned energy savings with its peak event by turning off the electricity in 60 minutes at the end of March every year. Earth Hour movement spread over 153 countries around the world and 28 cities in Indonesia. The research was the focus in the area of motion Earth Hour; The Political environmental theory which was used in this research is Peterson’s theory, those are the government, the private sector and social movement itself. This type of research is a qualitative study using a descriptive study. The researcher obtained data by conducting in personal experience and study literature. Data analysis techniques include data reduction, data display, and conclusion. The Conclusion of this study is in Earth Hour has its own characteristics to do such as lobbying to local authorities, then how to lobbying with other people who have the capability to influence public opinion, cooperate with other NGOs and raise social issues in the community to lobby with the private sector. In this area of movement Earth Hour is used as best as possible by the government and private sector to achieve their interests outside environmental-related policy issues.Tujuan Earth Hour dan World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) mengundang orang di seluruh dunia untuk terus menjadi bagian dari gerakan sosial di bidang perubahan iklim dengan salah satu kegiatan penghematan energi. Dalam kampanye mereka, Earth Hour terbukti menjadi kekuatan dominan di antara kekuatankekuatan lain, yang terkait dengan tiga pilar kekuatan, antara kekuatan politik dan kekuatan ekonomi. Masalah lingkungan telah menjadi masalah global, berbagai kerusakan yang terjadi di bumi telah menjadi perhatian serius banyak orang. Ada banyak organisasi, komunitas dan juga gerakan massa yang peduli dengan masalah lingkungan. Earth Hour adalah gerakan global yang awalnya mengkampanyekan penyempurnaan energi dengan acara puncaknya dengan mematikan listrik dalam 60 menit pada akhir Maret setiap tahun. Gerakan Earth Hour tersebar di 153 negara di seluruh dunia dan 28 kota di Indonesia. Penelitian ini fokus di bidang gerak Earth Hour; Teori lingkungan politik yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori Peterson, yaitu pemerintah, sektor swasta dan gerakan sosial itu sendiri. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan penelitian deskriptif. Peneliti memperoleh data dengan melakukan pengalaman pribadi dan mempelajari literatur. Teknik analisis data meliputi reduksi data, tampilan data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah di Earth Hour memiliki karakteristik tersendiri untuk melakukan seperti melobi pihak berwenang setempat, kemudian bagaimana melobi dengan orang lain yang memiliki kemampuan untuk mempengaruhi opini publik, bekerja sama dengan LSM lain dan mengangkat masalah sosial di masyarakat untuk melobi dengan sektor swasta. Dalam bidang pergerakan ini Earth Hour digunakan sebaik mungkin oleh pemerintah dan sektor swasta untuk mencapai kepentingan mereka di luar masalah kebijakan terkait lingkungan 


1994 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 1427-1439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanming Pan ◽  
Michael E. Fleet ◽  
Howard R. Williams

A zone of granulites, defined by an orthopyroxene-in isograd and extending more than 100 km in length and about 10 km in width, occurs near the southern margin of the Quetico Subprovince, north of Manitouwadge, Ontario. Mineral assemblages in metasedimentary rocks and associated migmatites consist of quartz, plagioclase, garnet, orthopyroxene, biotite, cordierite, sillimanite, K-feldspar, hercynite, magnetite, ilmenite, and other accessory phases. Minor mafic gneisses and calc-silicate pods or lenses are also present. From equilibrium phase relations and thermobarometry, the granulites experienced a thermal-peak event (4–6 kbar (1 bar = 100 kPa), 680–770 °C, a(H2O) of 0.15–0.25 and fO2 of 1–2 log units above the FMQ buffer) in association with D2 deformation, followed by a retrogression (550–660 °C and 3–4 kbar) and a later hydrothermal alteration (1–2 kbar and 200–400 °C). The distribution and calculated peak metamorphic conditions of the granulite zone in the Quetico Subprovince are similar to those of granulites in the English River Subprovince and other proposed accretionary terranes. The low-pressure, high-temperature metamorphism in the Quetico Subprovince is interpreted to be related to both crustal thickening and addition of heat from subduction-related magmatism.


Atmosphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Dirks ◽  
Nicholas Talbot ◽  
Jennifer Salmond ◽  
Seosamh Costello

This paper explores the impact of choice of ventilation setting (“window open”, “new (external) air” and “recirculate”) on in-vehicle carbon monoxide exposures for commuters travelling by car at different times of the day (morning, midday, and evening) and different seasons (warm and cool) in Auckland, New Zealand. Three near-identical vehicles travelled in close proximity to each other on the same three “loops” out and into the city three times a day, each with a different ventilation setting. Concentrations of carbon monoxide were recorded using portable monitors placed inside each of the vehicles. The season was not found to be a significant factor. However, mean concentrations varied across ventilation settings by the time of day, typically peaking during the morning commute. The mean concentrations were significantly different between ventilation settings, with the recirculate setting found to result in a higher in-vehicle concentration than either new air or windows open but also heavily dependent on the initial in-vehicle concentration. However, this setting was the most effective at avoiding concentration spikes, especially when idling at intersections; an isolated peak event reaching 170 ppm was observed with the “new air” setting when following immediately behind an old, poorly-tuned, and visibly-emitting vehicle. This study suggests that having the windows open is the best setting for maintaining low in-cabin air pollution levels but that recirculate should be used in anticipation of congested conditions.


Author(s):  
Andi Hasriani

Bissu is a cultural trace of the pre-Islamic Bugis tribe that still survive until now, who served as guard of arajang heirlooms. Bissu is not a transvestite or a calabai, but a person who is immune to sharp weapons, who are also able to communicate with the Gods by using the to rilangi language. This research is focused on the ritual event performed by bissu which is mappalili and maggiri dance which still exist although faced with various challenges such as the influence of Islamic teachings, the dynamics of the life of a growing society, and the change of ceremonial status is done become a custom or just as a cultural staging that is expected to attract tourists to come to see the ritual event. The method used in this research is qualitative method which starts with observation, location determination, sample determination, interview, data processing and writing of research result. Result of research about bissu ritual in Segeri regency of Pangkep, illustrates that the local government still support the existence of bissu as a leader in the mappalili ritual performed every year before the rice fields that end with maggiri dance ritual as the peak event is still expected to exist as a preserver of regional culture as well as the culture of the archipelago.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2098 (1) ◽  
pp. 012030
Author(s):  
C P Asmoro ◽  
A R Achmad

Abstract The annular solar eclipse occurred when the Earth-Moon-Sun position aligned in the same line where the angular diameter of the moon is smaller than the angular diameter of the sun due to the moon is on the farthest distance with respect to the earth. The event was observed on 26 December 2019 at Siak Regency, Province of Riau, Indonesia. Based on that event observation, the sun is gradually covered by the moon until the peak event where the sun is completely covered and showing “ring of fire”. All stages of eclipse are captured as images from DSLR camera that been attached into telescope with specific filter as well as illumination determination from observation location using lux meter during the event. This study explained how to get the information from solar eclipse images available by using image-processing software namely ImageJ so it can be used as a student worksheet. The plotting of both pixel area-time graph and illumination-time graph of this study shows a similar trend. Therefore, the data acquired in this study is obtained well so it can be used as a student worksheet in the Astronomical Position lecture based on the actual phenomenon with a simple instrument for observation.


2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Orkin ◽  
Pamela Leece ◽  
Thomas Piggott ◽  
Paul Burt ◽  
Ray Copes

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 01001
Author(s):  
Guillaume Barré ◽  
Alexy Elias-Bahnan ◽  
Geoffrey Motte ◽  
Maxime Ducoux ◽  
Guilhem Hoareau ◽  
...  

Several fluid circulation events are recorded in the Aquitaine Basin and the Chaînons Béarnais in the Pyrenean belt of southwestern France. Different fluid types are found in all locations studied. The main difference comes from the thermal peak event (rifting), which was more intense in the Chaînons Béarnais close to the exhumed mantle zone. In situ gas analysis associated of fluid inclusions and isotopic (C, O, H, S) analyses show that similar fluids are generated in both systems, although separated by deep structures, e.g. the North Pyrenean Frontal Thrust (NPFT). The Pyrenean tectonic history leads to the compartmentalization of fluid circulations.


Author(s):  
Daniela N. Schmidt ◽  
Ellen Thomas ◽  
Elisabeth Authier ◽  
David Saunders ◽  
Andy Ridgwell

Climate change is predicted to alter temperature, carbonate chemistry and oxygen availability in the oceans, which will affect individuals, populations and ecosystems. We use the fossil record of benthic foraminifers to assess developmental impacts in response to environmental changes during the Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM). Using an unprecedented number of µ-computed tomography scans, we determine the size of the proloculus (first chamber), the number of chambers and the final size of two benthic foraminiferal species which survived the extinction at sites 690 (Atlantic sector, Southern Ocean, palaeodepth 1900 m), 1210 (central equatorial Pacific, palaeodepth 2100 m) and 1135 (Indian Ocean sector, Southern Ocean, palaeodepth 600–1000 m). The population at the shallowest site, 1135, does not show a clear response to the PETM, whereas those at the other sites record reductions in diameter or proloculus size. Temperature was similar at all sites, thus it is not likely to be the reason for differences between sites. At site 1210, small size coincided with higher chamber numbers during the peak event, and may have been caused by a combination of low carbonate ion concentrations and low food supply. Dwarfing at site 690 occurred at lower chamber numbers, and may have been caused by decreasing carbonate saturation at sufficient food levels to reproduce. Proloculus size varied strongly between sites and through time, suggesting a large influence of environment on both microspheric and megalospheric forms without clear bimodality. The effect of the environmental changes during the PETM was more pronounced at deeper sites, possibly implicating carbonate saturation. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Hyperthermals: rapid and extreme global warming in our geological past’.


2020 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 115369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Émile Sylvestre ◽  
Jean-Baptiste Burnet ◽  
Patrick Smeets ◽  
Gertjan Medema ◽  
Michèle Prévost ◽  
...  

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