scholarly journals Semen Analysis and Morphological Study of Two Subsequent Generations of Dietary Protein Deficient Sprague Dawley Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Nosarieme Omoregie Abey ◽  
Osaretin Albert Taiwo Ebuehi
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Male Offspring ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Deficient Diet

Adequate supply of dietary protein in regular diet is an important element of a proper nutritional status as it functions in the regulation of metabolic profiles signaling the reproductive axis. Reports have highlighted the association of the amount of protein in the diet to the functioning of hypothalamic-pituitary-testis axis, however its intragenerational effects are yet to be adequately explored. The study aims to analyze the effect of protein deficient diet on parameters associated with male infertility from one generation to another. Female rats in four (4) groups (n=10) were fed different ration of protein in their diet (PD) as formulated: 21% PD, 10%PD, 5%PD and control diet (rat chow), through gestation and lactation to first and second generations, while the male offspring sustained on the maternal diet after weaning were used for analysis.  Sperm morphology and motility were evaluated using a light microscope and a computer-assisted semen analysis. The percentage of motile spermatozoa, morphological characteristics and histology in the deficient groups (5%, 10%PD) appeared normal as compared to control in the first generation, showing an adaptive response while second generation was presented with significantly altered fertility parameters of the male offspring. It is suggested that in a deficiency status especially at the critical phase of development, certain deleterious effects which may be adaptive or phenotypic can serve to reduce the fertility efficiency in the male offspring at both F1 and F2- generation.

scholarly journals Maternal Melatonin Therapy Attenuates Methyl-Donor Diet-Induced Programmed Hypertension in Male Adult Rat Offspring

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1407 ◽  
Author(s):  
You-Lin Tain ◽  
Julie Chan ◽  
Chien-Te Lee ◽  
Chien-Ning Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Methylation Status ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Male Offspring ◽  
Adult Offspring ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Methyl Donor ◽  
Adult Rat

Although pregnant women are advised to consume methyl-donor food, some reports suggest an adverse outcome. We investigated whether maternal melatonin therapy can prevent hypertension induced by a high methyl-donor diet. Female Sprague-Dawley rats received either a normal diet, a methyl-deficient diet (L-MD), or a high methyl-donor diet (H-MD) during gestation and lactation. Male offspring were assigned to four groups (n = 7–8/group): control, L-MD, H-MD, and H-MD rats were given melatonin (100 mg/L) with their drinking water throughout the period of pregnancy and lactation (H-MD+M). At 12 weeks of age, male offspring exposed to a L-MD or a H-MD diet developed programmed hypertension. Maternal melatonin therapy attenuated high methyl-donor diet-induced programmed hypertension. A maternal L-MD diet and H-MD diet caused respectively 938 and 806 renal transcripts to be modified in adult offspring. The protective effects of melatonin against programmed hypertension relate to reduced oxidative stress, increased urinary NO2− level, and reduced renal expression of sodium transporters. A H-MD or L-MD diet may upset the balance of methylation status, leading to alterations of renal transcriptome and programmed hypertension. A better understanding of reprogramming effects of melatonin might aid in developing a therapeutic strategy for the prevention of hypertension in adult offspring exposed to an excessive maternal methyl-supplemented diet.

scholarly journals Carrageenan-induced granuloma and iron status in rats with dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid deficiency

1991 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Carbonell ◽  
M. P. Saiz ◽  
M. T. Mitjavila ◽  
P. Puig-Parellada ◽  
C. Cambon-Gros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Fe Deficiency ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid

Sprague–Dawley rats were fed for 4 months on a control diet or a polyunsaturated-fatty-acid (PUFA)-deficient diet. The combined effects of iron overload (Fe dextran) or Fe deficiency (desferrioxamine) on carrageenan-induced granuloma were studied. PUFA deficiency induced changes in Fe metabolism, but no alterations in lipid peroxidation variables were observed. Inflammation implied an increase in lipid peroxidation, Fe storage and caeruloplasmin concentration, together with symptoms of anaemia. PUFA deficiency in inflamed rats gave rise to a lower inflammatory response (granuloma weight and prostaglandin E2concentration) and ethane exhalation. Fe overload potentiated inflammatory and lipid peroxidation processes, whereas Fe deficiency decreased them.

166. MATERNAL OBESITY IS ASSOCIATED WITH AN INCREASED INCIDENCE OF PROSTATE ABNORMALITIES IN ADULT RAT OFFSPRING

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
K. Chiam ◽  
S. Jindal ◽  
N. Ryan ◽  
S. Moretta ◽  
M. De Blasio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Male Offspring ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
World Health ◽  
High Birth Weight ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Increased Risk

The World Health Organization has stated that 75% of adults worldwide are overweight, and in Australia nearly 25% of men are obese. Obesity is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and cancer, with 30 to 40% of the latter possibly preventable by maintaining a healthy weight (The International Association for the Study of Obesity). Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men and there is increasing evidence that obesity increases the risk of prostate cancer mortality. High birth weight, an indication of excess nutrition during foetal development, has been associated with an increased risk of childhood and adult obesity, and for cancer. Using an animal model, we investigated whether obese mothers are more likely to have obese sons who are at an increased risk of developing prostate abnormalities and thus prostate cancer, in adulthood. Female rats were fed with either a control diet (4g fat/kg) or high fat diet (100g fat/kg) from before mating and throughout pregnancy. Prostate tissues were collected from the male offspring at 90 days (post-puberty) and 180 days (young adult). Histological analysis of the day 90 prostates identified hyperplasia in 100% of the ventral lobes (VL) and 64% of the dorsolateral lobes (DLP) in offspring of the maternal high fat group compared to 0% in each respectively, in those of the maternal control diet group. The VL is the most hormone sensitive prostate lobe of the rat, while the DLP is considered the equivalent of the human peripheral zone, the region from which the majority of human prostate cancers arise. These results suggest for the first time that maternal high fat diet may induce prostate abnormalities in male offspring that may in turn, predispose to an increased risk of prostate cancer in later life.

Adequate or elevated dietary folate does not ameliorate the reduced antioxidant capacity induced by vitamin B12 deficiency in aged rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 239-248
Author(s):  
Natalia Úbeda ◽  
Teresa Partearroyo ◽  
Gregorio Varela-Moreiras
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Aged Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Total Antioxidant

Abstract. Folate could have an antioxidant role but also may be detrimental under vitamin B12 deficiency. The aim was to investigate the effect of different dietary folic acid (FA) levels, on oxidative stress in B12 induced deficient aged rats. Thirty-five male aged Sprague–Dawley rats, were fed either a vitamin B12 deficient (n = 27) or a control diet (n = 8) during eight weeks. Then, animals were divided into four groups: B12 and FA deficient diet (DBDF), B12 deficient diet and FA control diet (DBCF), B12 deficient diet and FA supplemented diet (DBSF), and control diet (CBCF) for a 30 days period. Methionine metabolism and antioxidant status were evaluated. Both vitamins deficiencies elevated serum homocysteine (Hcy) (7.7 vs. 4.3 μmol/L, p < 0.05) and reduced S-adenosylmethionine hepatic content (283.7 vs. 581.9 μg/g protein, p < 0.05), the total antioxidant capacity (155.7 vs. 189.3 μmol/L, p < 0.05), glutathione (GSH) (120.5 vs. 419.9 μg/mg protein, p < 0.05) and oxidized glutathione (0.9 vs. 2.6 μg/mg protein, p < 0.05) compared to control. Activities of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase enzymes or damage to macromolecules were unaffected. Adequate or elevated dietary FA in B12 deficiency rats decreased Hcy (5.7 and 6.3 μmol/L, respectively) and increased total antioxidant capacity (189.8 and 192.6 μmol/L, respectively) to values similar to control group, whereas GSH concentration was significantly lower than control (209.1 and 208.0 μg/mg protein respectively, p < 0.05). In conclusion, in a vitamin B12 deficiency status, adequate or elevated FA prevented impairment in one-carbon metabolism, but does not fully reverse the decrease in antioxidant capacity.

scholarly journals Maternal feeding patterns affect the offspring’s brain: focus on serotonin 5-HT2C and 5-HT2A receptors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinga Gawlińska ◽  
Dawid Gawliński ◽  
Małgorzata Filip ◽  
Edmund Przegaliński
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Dorsal Striatum ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Male Offspring ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Adolescent Male

Abstract Background Recent studies have shown a relationship between the composition of the maternal diet and acquiring a risk of mental illnesses through changes in the offspring’s brain. This study assessed the role of a modified maternal diet on the levels of serotonin (5-HT)2C and 5-HT2A receptors in the offspring brain. Methods Wistar rat dams during gestation and lactation were maintained either on a standard (SD) or special diets: high-fat (HFD), high-carbohydrate (rich in sucrose, HCD) or mixed (MD). Offspring were weaned to SD after lactation, and at postnatal days (PNDs) 28 and 63 changes in the 5-HT2C and 5-HT2A receptor levels were evaluated in their prefrontal cortex (PFCx), nucleus accumbens (NAc), dorsal striatum (DSTR) and hippocampus (HIP). Results Maternal HFD reduced the expression of 5-HT2C receptors in male rats at PND 28 in the PFCx, NAc, and DSTR but increased it at PND 63 in male animals in the NAc and DSTR. HCD induced a decrease in the expression of 5-HT2C receptors in male offspring at PND 28 but increased it in female rats at PND 63 in the PFCx. MD reduced 5-HT2C receptor expression in males at PND 28 in the PFCx and increased it in male and female offspring at PND 28 in the HIP. Moreover, maternal HFD reduced 5-HT2A receptor levels within the PFCx in adolescent male offspring. Conclusion Our findings indicate that a modified maternal diet induces age- and sex-specific adaptive changes mainly in 5-HT2C receptors, which may contribute to disturbances in the offspring brain. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals Transgenerational Evaluation of Elateriospermum tapos Extracts on the Male Offspring of Obesity-Induced Sprague Dawley Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 3045-3057
Author(s):  
Santhra Segaran Balan ◽  
Azrina Zainal Abidin ◽  
Kokila Vani Perumal ◽  
Nurul Husna Shafie ◽  
Maizaton Atmadini Abdullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Male Offspring ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Long Term Treatment

Obesity has been considered as a great public health concern, that has spread in both economic and poor resources countries. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Elateriospermum tapos supplementation on the male offspring of female obesity-induced Sprague Dawley (SD) rats at weaning and adult age. A total of thirty (30) female and fifteen (15) male Sprague Dawley rats (N=45) were purchased for this study. Of the 30 female rats, six (n=6) were randomly selected as the control group (CG) and fed separately with male on standard chow diet, while the remaining rats (n=24) were fed on a high-fat diet for 5 weeks. The obese group were further randomly divided into 4 groups, positive control group (PG), orlistat treatment (DG) at 200 mg/kg, treatment 1 (TX1, 200 mg/kg E. tapos seed) and treatment 2 (TX2, 200 mg/kg E. tapos shell) for 6 weeks. One male pup from each dam was culled at weaning (postnatal day 21 (PND21)) and adulthood (12 weeks). The liver, kidney, retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (RpWAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) were collected for histopathological study. Serum lipid profiles, liver enzyme activities and creatinine were measured. The bodyweight of male offspring from treatment 1 (MTX1) and 2 (MTX2) was significantly lower (P<0.05) compare to MNG group. The RpWAT weight in MTX1 and MTX2 for adult offspring also were significantly lower (P<0.05) compared to MPG. The histopathological examination of liver in MCG, MDG, MTX1, and MTX2 showed normal hepatocytes while the MPG group showed the presence of ballooning cell and hypertrophy of adipocytes was also observed in MPG group compared to another group’s rat. The E. tapos extracts from the shell have greater therapeutic potential on maternal obesity in short and long term treatment.

scholarly journals Dietary Protein Deficiency in Early Life of F1 and F2 Generations of Sprague Dawley Rats Disrupts the Reproductive Function

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nosarieme Omoregie Abey ◽  
Osaretin Albert Taiwo Ebuehi ◽  
Ngozi Awa Imaga
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Protein Deficiency ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Ovarian Structure ◽  
And Function

Abstract Background: The ability to reproduce efficiently is an important characteristic that has evolved through natural selection. Nutrition can modulate reproductive activities at different levels, its effect on nutrition is therefore complex and less predictable. This study aims at investigating the underlying effect of persistent dietary protein deficiency during early life on reproductive parameters of subsequent (F1 and F2) generations.Method: Rats in group of four (4) were fed daily, with different ration of protein diet (PD) formulated as: 21% protein diet, 10%protein diet, 5%protein diet and control diet (rat chow, containing 16-18% protein). They were fed ad libitum before mating, throughout gestation and lactation, and next generations were weaned to the maternal diet. Reproductive function analysis (which include; gestation and pubertal hormonal profiling, onset of puberty, oestrus cyclicity, sexual response) and morphometric analysis of the ovarian structure were carried out to assess associated consequences.Results: showed significant reduction in the fertility index as a consequence of altered reproductive function in the protein deficient models at P≤ 0.05. Low protein diet posed suboptimal intrauterine condition, which was linked to increased prenatal morbidity and mortality, lowered birthweight delayed onset of puberty, induced cycle irregularity, altered follicular maturation and endocrine dysfunction in the protein deficient groups. Reproductive status of an individual female organism critically depends on the maintenance of ovarian structure and function that has been associated with the hypothalamic pituitary-gonadal axis, hormonal events and sexual maturity.Conclusion: There is therefore an association between persistent early life protein deficiency and reproductive response which mechanistically involves life-long changes in key ovarian cytoarchitecture and function.

scholarly journals Computer-Assisted Analysis of Human Semen Concentration and Motility

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 17-33
Author(s):  
Karima Boumaza ◽  
Abdelhamid Loukil
Keyword(s):  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Human Semen ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Traditional Assessment ◽  
Sperm Detection ◽  
Speed Accuracy

Computer-assisted semen analysis systems insist on evaluating sperm characteristics. These systems afford capacity to study and evaluate sperm statistical and morphological characteristics such as concentration, morphology, and motility, which have an important role in diagnosis and treatment of male infertility. In this paper, the proposed algorithm allows the assessment of concentration and motility rate of sperms in microscopic videos. First, enhancement process is required because of microscopic images limitations such as low contrast and noises. Then, for true sperm recognition among noise and debris, a hybrid approach is proposed using a combination between segmentation techniques. After, the use of geometric features of the bounding ellipse of the sperm head led to define sperm concentration. Finally, inter-frame difference is applied for motile sperm detection. The proposed method was tested on microscopic videos of human semen; the performance of this method is analyzed in terms of speed, accuracy, and complexity. Obtained results during the experiments are very promising compared with those obtained by the traditional assessment, which is the most widely used and approved in the laboratories.

Prenatal BPA and its analogs BPB, BPF, and BPS exposure and reproductive axis function in the male offspring of Sprague Dawley rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 1344-1365 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Ullah ◽  
M Pirzada ◽  
S Jahan ◽  
H Ullah ◽  
S Razak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Male Offspring ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Bisphenol S ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Reproductive Tissues ◽  
Reproductive Axis

Research in the past has indicated associated long-term and low levels of exposure of bisphenol A (BPA) in early life and neuroendocrine disorders, such as obesity, precocious puberty, diabetes, and hypertension. BPA and its analogs bisphenol B (BPB), bisphenol F (BPF), and bisphenol S (BPS) have been reported to have similar or even more toxic effect as compared to BPA. Exposure of rats to BPA and its analogs BPB, BPF, and BPS resulted in decreased sperm production, testosterone secretion, and histological changes in the reproductive tissues of male rats. In the present study, BPA, BPB, BPF, and BPS were administered in drinking water at concentrations of (5, 25, and 50 μg/L) from pregnancy day (PD) 1 to PD 21. Body weight (BW), hormonal concentrations, antioxidant enzymes, and histological changes were determined in the reproductive tissues. BPA and its analogs prenatal exposure to female rats induced significant statistical difference in the antioxidant enzymes, plasma testosterone, and estrogen concentrations in the male offspring when compared with the control. Histological parameters of both testis and epididymis revealed prominent changes in the reproductive tissues. The present study suggests that BPA and its analogs BPB, BPF, and BPS different concentrations led to marked alterations in the development of the male reproductive system.

scholarly journals Maternal Dietary Protein Intake Influences Milk and Offspring Gut Microbial Diversity in a Rat (Rattus norvegicus) Model

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Warren ◽  
Haley Hallowell ◽  
Keah Higgins ◽  
Mark Liles ◽  
Wendy Hood
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Dietary Protein Intake ◽  
Microbial Inocula

Historically, investigators have assumed microorganisms identified in mother’s milk to be contaminants, but recent data suggest that milk microbiota may contribute to beneficial maternal effects. Microorganisms that colonize the gastrointestinal tracts of newborn mammals are derived, at least in part, from the maternal microbial population. Milk-derived microbiota is an important source of this microbial inocula and we hypothesized that the maternal diet contributes to variation in this microbial community. To evaluate the relationship between a mother’s diet and milk microbiome, we fed female rats a low- or high-protein diet and mated all individuals. Milk and cecal contents were collected from dams at peak lactation (14-day post-partum), and the bacterial composition of each community was assessed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Our findings revealed higher dietary protein intake decreased fecal microbial diversity but increased milk microbial and pup cecum diversity. Further, the higher dietary protein intake resulted in a greater abundance of potentially health-promoting bacteria, such as Lactobacillus spp. These data suggest that dietary protein levels contribute to significant shifts in the composition of maternal milk microbiota and that the functional consequences of these changes in microbial inocula might be biologically important and should be further explored.

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