scholarly journals LA MOBILITE DU MARCHE DU TRAVAIL : MATERIAU POUR UNE ANALYSE SOCIO-ANTHROPOLOGIQUE DES PROFESSIONS ET CATEGORIES SOCIOPROFESSIONNELLES

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (07) ◽  
pp. 530-544
Author(s):  
Kouin B. Jaures ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Market Access ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
Professional Groups ◽  
Globalized Economy ◽  
Work World ◽  
New Codes ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

What future for the socio-professional categories in an economy and a society in profound mutations?Thats the question posed by the mobility of work and its world, characteristic of excessive globalization. Indeed, the central place that work, in the diversity of its forms, occupies for man and society has been called into question since the end of the last century with the emergence of new codes of work market access and new job categories. We are attending a categorical recomposition of work where some professional groups have disappeared to give birth to others. The sociodemographic variables are strongly correlating the supply of job which is coated in social inequity. By renewing the debate on the job crisis, the economic and social transformations have engendered a deconfiguration of economic activities by inducing a real overhaul of the work world with as a corollary a destructuration of the job structure.This article restores a survey that analyzes the anteriority of socioeconomic mutations to the deconfiguration of socio-professional categories in professional sphere in central and southern Benin. Thus, this paper aims, as a general objective, to examine the impact of changes of the work world in a globalized economy on socio-professional categories. Specifically, it involves, on the one hand, to inventory the various changes that have occurred in socio-professional categories and their effects and, on the other hand, to elucidate the process of the reconfiguration of the socio-professional categories, which will lead us to explain the configuration of the new nomenclature of socio-professional categories.

scholarly journals Landscape, Memory, Heritage and Identity (Historiographical Overview)

2020 ◽  
pp. 247-257
Author(s):  
Olga Galkova ◽  
Andrej Petrov ◽  
Viktor Glazunov
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Cultural Landscapes ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Cultural Methods ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. UNESCOs adoption of the Convention “Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage” of 1972 led to the discussion on the issues of mutual influence and interdependence of humankind and nature and human perception of the environment and his own ecological niche. As a result of these discussions, the term “cultural landscape” came into use, and became part of the world cultural heritage. Methods and materials. This study is based on the combination of the general, special historical and cultural methods. The central place among them was occupied by the comparative, analytical, historical-genetic, comparative analysis methods and some methods of historical cultural studies. Analysis. The evolution of the cultural landscape took place throughout human history and is a unique blend of not only human development. It also reflects, on the one hand, national culture and mentality, and on the other, shows the influence of natural factors on their development. It also helps to understand the mentality of various ethnic groups, similarities and differences in their perception of the world and attitude. The development of the cultural landscape concept has become an integral part of the Anthropocene theory, based on the teachings of V.I. Vernadsky, about the impact and intersection of the geo-, bio- and noosphere in the fate of humankind. Results. The article considers the development of the “cultural landscape” theory mainly in English and American historiography which conclusively demonstrates how natural factors impact on changes in culture of the same ethnos. Through historiographic studies and comparisons, it becomes possible to trace the importance of preserving and studying the cultural landscapes of the past and present, in order to understand ourselves and be responsible to the world around us.

scholarly journals Does High-Speed Rail Promote Enterprises Productivity? Evidence from China

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuehui Yang ◽  
Shanlang Lin ◽  
Jiaping Zhang ◽  
Minghua He
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Regional Heterogeneity ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Distribution Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Multiple Robustness

High-speed rail (HSR) is often claimed to bring different regions and cities closer together by shortening travel times, which can reduce the costs and increase enterprises productivity to promote a sustainable economy. However, another view argues that HSR transfers economic activities from peripheral cities to core cities, resulting in unbalanced regional economic development and damaging the sustainability of the economy. Based on microdata from China, this paper empirically investigates the impact of HSR on the enterprises productivity in both core cities and peripheral cities and explores the impact mechanism from the perspective of allocation effect and distribution effect caused by HSR. The results show that the connection of HSR positively affects the enterprises productivity in core cities, while it negatively affects the enterprises productivity in peripheral cities, with effect values of 1.38% and -8.45%, respectively. The conclusion still holds after endogenous treatment and multiple robustness tests are conducted. Additionally, the allocation effect analysis shows that the market access caused by HSR has an optimization effect on the resource allocation efficiency of both core cities and peripheral cities. The distribution effect analysis reveals that the distribution of enterprise productivity in peripheral cities has market heterogeneity, regional heterogeneity, and location heterogeneity. The important policy significance of this paper is that, in order to promote the sustainable development of enterprises and the economy, it should reduce policy restrictions and promote the effective flow of capital and talents, carry out the dislocation development of industry for peripheral cities, and “build a nest to attract the phoenix.”

scholarly journals NOVEL CORONAVIRUS (COVID-19) SHOCK AND REVERBERATIONS IN PAKISTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 43-55
Author(s):  
ATHER MAQSOOD AHMED ◽  
IRFAN ALI
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Financial Deepening ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
Johns Hopkins University ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The One ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Impact

Nearly a century after the Spanish flu of 1918, the world is confronting reverberations of the pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus, labeled as COVID-19. As time passes, there has been a serious loss of life and well-being all across the world. According to the latest data issued by the Johns Hopkins University, more than 185 million people have been infected and slightly over 4 million people have already lost their lives. With some respite during the July–October 2020 period, the world economy is once again plunging down as a result of subsequent waves of the pandemic. According to the World Bank (WB) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the world GDP has already suffered a loss in the range of US$8–12 trillion due to disruptions in economic activities. Even though Pakistan is among those countries where a relatively mild health-related impact was recorded during the first wave, the situation is fast deteriorating on the health and economic fronts with the severity of the latest wave. The objective of this study is to capture the impact of COVID-19 on the healthcare system and the economy of Pakistan. In particular, an attempt has been made to understand how this new normal situation has encouraged e-commerce (online) commercial and trade activities, on the one hand, and inculcated the concept of work from home among the corporate and public sector employees, on the other. The initial evidence confirms that despite a limited support from the formal banking and financial sector due to insufficient financial deepening, the commerce and trade sector has recorded a substantial growth in its online transactions. Moreover, in view of the contagion hazard, a large number of corporate entities and most of the education sector employees have been allowed to work from home thereby challenging the orthodoxy about shirking and mistrust.

scholarly journals Presentation, Representation, and Museumification in Heritage Tourism: The Case of Hongkeng Hakka Earth Building Folk Cultural Village

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
Lijun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Family Relationships ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Heritage Tourism ◽  
Negotiation Process ◽  
Local People ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
The One ◽  
Vernacular Buildings ◽  
The Impact

UNESCO’s placement of the large, multi-story communal vernacular buildings known as tulou (土楼, rammed earth building) on its World Heritage List, and the touristic development that followed, has produced great social transformations among the Hakka people of Southeast China who reside in these impressive dwellings. My research explores the impact of UNESCO-inspired tourism on community life in Hongkeng village (Yongding Hakka Tulou Folk Culture Village). In this brief essay, I explore the local reshaping of space and social relationships to illustrate the ways that heritage tourism transforms everyday life and local culture. My special interest in the larger project from which this essay draws is the ways that local people negotiate such transformations. The negotiation process involves local people adapting to the new heritage phenomenon and navigating situations of frequent cultural contact and regular conflicts of interest. On the one hand, heritage and tourism contribute to the museumification of local life and culture. Local government and natives consciously or subconsciously represent their identity and tradition as well as produce localness through the decoration and reshaping of local living space. On the other hand, heritage tourism activities result in new forms of social interaction that challenge local genealogical social structure and family relationships. In such circumstances, new modes and patterns of community interaction and local cultural practices are generated under the transformative forces of heritage and tourism. My investigations into the spatial, cultural, and social spheres of local life in Hongkeng aim to help understand the transformation of an indigenous community while it is engaging in (and with) heritage practices such as listing, landmarking, representation, historical recreation, cultural commodification, and touristic management.

scholarly journals Some Special Features of Military and Economic Activities Within the Period of COVID-19 Related Crisis

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
S. Kazennov ◽  
V. Kumachev ◽  
E. Koroleva
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
The State ◽  
National Defense ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Military Security ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Crisis Conditions ◽  
The One ◽  
State Defense ◽  
The Impact

COVID-19 related crisis is a collective designation of the current stage of the global system crisis, in which COVID-19 is a catalyst and a trigger of many ongoing processes, including destructive and destabilizing ones. The impact of this pandemic on military-economic activities (MEA) is direct and indirect. On the one hand, it is hampering MEA direct functioning, including personnel supply, a decrease in solvent demand, the possibility of financing and the implementation of military-technical cooperation. On the other hand, global tensions, confrontation, psychological instability and behavioral radicalism are on the rise under the COVID-19 conditions. And this is reflected in the demand for military power, power tools as a certain kind of “safety belt” and, accordingly, for MEA products, including non-traditional ones, for “hybrid” confrontations. In addition, due to the pandemic, the role of MEA as one of the “locomotives” of the recovery from the trap of the crisis, and as a technological incubator, has increased. Under the crisis conditions, the most important task for MEA is to increase its functional and economic efficiency. Taking into account the limited resources of MEA, in any case they should provide reliable military security of the Russian Federation (RF), so-called asymmetric deterrence. Drawing Russia into a costly arms race would be unacceptable, as it would contribute to the collapse of the country, like it has been the case with the USSR. Therefore, the issue of proper distribution of funds and resources within the framework of the entire national security complex of the RF between its foreign, military and home, socio-economic components is an acute one. In this regard, a pressing issue is to set tough priorities in determining the key directions of development of MEA of the Russian Federation, technological and military-technical policy, and the defense sector as a whole. And that should be reflected in the planning and implementation of the state armament program, the state defense order and other measures in the field of national defense and security.

The impact of economic crisis on mental and physical health in Italy

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
S. Tomassi ◽  
M. Ruggeri
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Behavioural Disorders ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

Summary Background: The global crisis that began in 2007 has been the most prolonged economic recession since 1929. It has caused worldwide tangible costs in terms of cuts in employment and income, which have been widely recognised also as major social determinants of mental health (1, 2). The so-called “Great Recession” has disproportionately affected the most vulnerable part of society of the whole Eurozone (3). Across Europe, an increase in suicides and deaths rates due to mental and behavioural disorders was reported among those who lost their jobs, houses and economic activities as a consequence of the crisis.

The Other Entrepreneurs - Migrant Economies as Spaces for Social Innovation?

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-271
Author(s):  
Claudia Lintner
Keyword(s):  
Social Innovation ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Migrant Entrepreneurship ◽  
False Dichotomy ◽  
Migrant Entrepreneurs ◽  
The One

This article analyses the relationship between migrant entrepreneurship, marginalisation and social innovation. It does so, by looking how their ‘otherness’ is used on the one hand to reproduce their marginalised situation in society and on the other to develop new living and working arrangements promoting social innovation in society. The paper is based on a qualitative study, which was carried out from March 2014- 2016. In this period, twenty semi-structured interviews were conducted with migrant entrepreneurs and experts. As the results show, migrant entrepreneurs are characterised by a false dichotomy of “native weakness” in economic self-organisation against the “classical strength” of majority entrepreneurs. It is shown that new possibilities of acting in the context of migrant entrepreneurship are mostly organised in close relation to the lifeworlds and specific needs deriving from this sphere. Social innovation processes initiated by migrant entrepreneurs through their economic activities thus develop on a micro level and are hence less apparent. Supportive networks are missing on a structural level, so it becomes difficult for single innovative initiatives to be long-lasting.

TRANSFER FİYATLAMA UYGULAMASININ İŞLETME PERFORMANSINA ETKİSİ VE VERGİSEL AÇIDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Serdar KUZU
Keyword(s):  
Business Performance ◽  
Transfer Pricing ◽  
Tax Law ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Tax Legislation ◽  
International Transactions ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

The size of international trade continues to extend rapidly from day to day as a result of the globalization process. This situation causes an increase in the economic activities of businesses in the trading area. One of the main objectives of the cost system applied in businesses is to be able to monitor the competitors and the changes that can be occured as a result of the developments in the sector. Thus, making cost accounting that is proper according to IAS / IFRS and tax legislation has become one of the strategic targets of the companies in most countries. In this respect, businesses should form their cost and pricing systems according to new regulations. Transfer pricing practice is usefull in setting the most proper price for goods that are subject to the transaction, in evaluating the performance of the responsibility centers of business, and in determining if the inter-departmental pricing system is consistent with targets of the business. The taxing powers of different countries and also the taxing powers of different institutions in a country did not overlap. Because of this reason, bringing new regulations to the tax system has become essential. The transfer pricing practice that has been incorporated into the Turkish Tax System is one of the these regulations. The transfer pricing practice which includes national and international transactions has been included in the Corporate Tax Law and Income Tax Law. The aim of this study is to analyse the impact of goods and services transfer that will occur between departments of businesses on the responsibility center and business performance, and also the impact of transfer pricing practice on the business performance on the basis of tax-related matters. As a result of the study, it can be said that transfer pricing practice has an impact on business performance in terms of both price and tax-related matters.

Static and Dynamic Studies of Gasoline in View of its Octane Number and its Toxic Effect

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 451-459
Author(s):  
Ashraf Yehia El-Naggar ◽  
Mohamed A. Ebiad
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Octane Number ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Hydrocarbon Composition ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

Gasoline come primarily from petroleum cuts, it is the preferred liquid fuel in our lives. Two gasoline samples of octane numbers 91 and 95 from Saudi Arabia petrol stations were studied. This study was achieved at three different temperatures 20oC, 30oC and 50oC representing the change in temperatures of the different seasons of the year. Both the evaporated gases of light aromatic hydrocarbons (BTEX) of gasoline samples inside the tank were subjected to analyze qualitatively and quantitatively via capillary gas chromatography. The detailed hydrocarbon composition and the octane number of the studied gasoline samples were determined using detailed hydrocarbon analyzer. The idea of research is indicating the impact of light aromatic compounds in gasoline on the toxic effect of human and environment on the one hand, and on octane number of gasoline on the other hand. Although the value of octane number will be reduced but this will have a positive impact on the environment as a way to produce clean fuel.

The specifics of shadow economic activity in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 1896-1915
Author(s):  
E.R. Ermakova ◽  
O.M. Lizina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Reproductive Process ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Current Period ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
The Impact

Subject. The article addresses the specifics of shadow economic activities in reformed Russia in the context of systemic transformations. Objectives. We focus on determining the role of shadow economy in the reproductive process, identifying and understanding the specifics of underground economic activity of the Russian economy. Methods. The study rests on general scientific methods (scientific abstraction, unity of historical and logical, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparison and analogy) and special methods of cognition (monetary methods). We employ the systems and integrated approach. The official statistics, regulations, works of leading researchers on shadow economy expansion, resources of reference and legal systems like Garant and ConsultantPlus serve as the study's information base. Results. We present a retrospective rapid analysis of the extent of shadow economic activity in the domestic economy, establishing the relationships with the processes that take place at different stages of the country's development. We also reveal the specifics of shadow economy relations in Russia, factors that play a key role in expansion for a particular period, a shift to another form of shadow economy. The study characterizes the current period of development, assesses the impact of external shocks on shadow economy expansion. Conclusions. The current period is characterized by the digitization of shadow relations, the shift of corruption to the upper echelons of power, the continued outflow of capital abroad, and increased penalties for underground activities.

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