scholarly journals EFFECT OF EDUCATIONAL LEVEL ON ATTITUDE TOWARDS THE PHYSICALLY CHALLENGED PERSONS IN KOGI STATE, NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 952-957
Author(s):  
Ejeh Esther ◽  
◽  
Joseph Alila ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Educational Level ◽  
Disabled Persons ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Physically Challenged ◽  
Physical Challenges ◽  
Report Measure

People living with physical challenges constitutes part of the larger society and should be given the inclusive opportunity to engage fully in societal activities. The plight of persons with disabilities in Kogi State, Nigeria, has attracted increasing concern over the years. Thus, the present study aimed to examine the variations in attitude towards the person with physical challenges in Kogi State based on educational level. The study adopted a cross-sectional research design. One hundred and seventeen (n=117) participants randomly pooled from different locations in the Kogi State, Nigeria, participated in the study. The participants completed a self-report measure of the modified version of the Attitudes towards Disabled Persons (SADP) Scale. The result revealed that the participants primarily showed positive attitudes towards persons with physical challenges despite their educational level. Also, the result of the simple linear regression conducted to test the hypothesis revealed that educational level does not predict attitude towards the physically challenged.

scholarly journals FACTORS INFLUENCING THE ATTITUDESOF NIGERIANS TOWARD PERSONS WITH PHYSICAL CHALLENGES

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 395-399
Author(s):  
Festus C. Onah ◽  
◽  
Kelechi T. Ugwu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Disability ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Disabled Persons ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
State And Local Government ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Physically Challenged ◽  
Physical Challenges

The present study aimed to examine the factors influencing the attitudes of Nigerians toward people with a physical disability. The study hypothesized that education and exposure to the physical challenge would influence attitudes toward people with a physical disability. The design of the study was cross-sectional. The participants comprise one hundred (100) workers drawn from state and local government civil service in the Enugu State, Nigeria, using a random sampling technique. Data were collected through a self-administered survey questionnaire, using a modified version of the Scale of Attitudes towards Disabled Persons (SADP). The result revealed that the participants largely showed positive attitudes towards persons with physical challenges. Two hypotheses were tested using multiple regression analysis and the analysis revealed that educational leveldid not influence attitude towards the physically challenged. However, it was found that exposure to a person with physical challenges influenced the attitudes toward people with a physical disability.

scholarly journals Assessing Attitudes towards Knowledge and use of Evidence-Based Practice among Nurses Working in a Teaching Hospital in Kuala Lumpur

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Felor Javadi Bashar
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Evidence Based Practice ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Attitudes

Evidence-based practice provides the most effective care that is available with the aim of improving clients’ outcome. However, despite existing policies related to encouragement to or requirement of evidence-based practice (EBP), results of reviewed studies show nurses do not generally incorporate research evidence in their daily practice. This study aimed to assess nurses’ attitudes towards knowledge and use of EBP in a teaching hospital in Kuala Lumpur. This study used descriptive cross-sectional survey among 265 nurses (out of 851), working in the different adult medical-surgical wards, who were selected through the quota sampling. Participants in this study, reported positive attitudes towards EBP, good knowledge of EBP, but poor utilization of evidence in their practice. Results of this study affirmed the findings of previous researches, showed despite having positive attitude and perception of good knowledge/skill regarding EBP; nurses did not incorporate evidence into practice. Application of EBP in clinical setting increases the quality of patient care, clients’ outcome and nurses’ job satisfaction and retention. In this regard, nursing managers and authorities have an important role in providing supports, facilities and persuading environment to focus nurses on evidence-based practice. It is recommended that the effect of personal and professional agents on actual EBP activities among nurses should be assessed through the observational studies rather than self-report questionnaire.

scholarly journals The Adolescent Resilience Questionnaire: Validation of a Shortened Version in U.S. Youths

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline R. Anderson ◽  
Michael Killian ◽  
Jennifer L. Hughes ◽  
A. John Rush ◽  
Madhukar H. Trivedi
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Questionnaire Validation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Report Measure

IntroductionResilience is a factor in how youth respond to adversity. The 88-item Adolescent Resilience Questionnaire is a comprehensive, multi-dimensional self-report measure of resilience developed with Australian youth.MethodsUsing a cross-sectional adolescent population (n = 3,222), confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to replicate the original factor structure. Over half of the adolescents were non-white and 9th graders with a mean age of 15.5.ResultsOur exploratory factor analysis shortened the measure for which we conducted the psychometric analyses. The original factor structure was not replicated. The exploratory factor analysis provided a 49-item measure. Internal consistency reliability for all 12 factors ranged from acceptable (α> 0.70–0.80). The revised factor total scores were highly and significantly correlated with item–total correlation coefficients (r > 0.63, p < 0.001).ConclusionThis revised shorter 49-item version of the Adolescent Resilience Questionnaire could be deployed and has acceptable psychometric properties.

The Predictive Utility of Psychological Aggression for Intimate Partner Violence

Partner Abuse ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Lee Salis ◽  
Jessica Salwen ◽  
K. Daniel O’Leary
Keyword(s):  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Couples Therapy ◽  
Psychological Aggression ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Predictive Utility ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Conflict Tactics ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Report Measure

Although psychological aggression has been identified as a risk factor for physical aggression, the prevalence of psychological aggression is much higher than that of physical aggression. To further understand the relationship between psychological and physical aggression, the level of psychological aggression at which physical aggression becomes more likely was evaluated. A representative sample of 268 men and 299 women responded anonymously to a self-report measure of aggression (revised Conflict Tactics Scale [CTS-2]) at baseline, and then 1 year later. Using both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, this study evaluated the level of psychological aggression that is necessary before it is likely that one will be physically aggressive. When one was at the 80th percentile of psychological aggression, there was a 70% probability that a man would be physically aggressive and 85% probability that a woman would be physically aggressive. Longitudinally, when one was at the 80th percentile of psychological aggression at Time 1, there was a 40% probability that a man would be physically aggressive and 45% probability that a woman would be physically aggressive at Time 2. CTS-2 psychological decile scores are provided along with the probability of physical aggression to assist clinicians in interpreting client scores. Implications for research and couples therapy are discussed.

scholarly journals Attitude towards Mental Illness among Secondary School Students in Asmara, Eritrea: A Cross-Sectional Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eyasu H. Tesfamariam ◽  
Medhane M. Tekie ◽  
Amos Y. Tesfa ◽  
Dawit H. Hadgu ◽  
Eyob A. Awalom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
The Mean

Secondary School students (SSs) are important members of the community; hence their attitude towards mental illness can be highly influential. Mentally ill individuals are not only suffering from the illness but also suffering from the stigmatizing attitude generated by the community. The objectives of this study were to determine attitude of SSs towards mental illness and its associated factors. A cross-sectional study design employing stratified random sampling was applied to select a sample of 402 students. Data was obtained using a self-administered Belief towards Mental Illness (BMI) questionnaire. Independent sample t-tests and one-way ANOVA were used to determine possible differences in scores of attitude. From a total of 21 BMI scale items, positive attitudes were found in eight items and negative attitudes were found in the remaining thirteen. The mean score of the full BMI scale was 2.47 (95% CI: 2.41, 2.54). The mean (95% CI) scores of dangerousness, poor social relations and incurability, and shame subscales were 2.68 (2.60, 2.76), 2.55 (2.48, 2.62), and 1.22 (1.09, 1.34), respectively. A significant negative correlation was found between attitude scores and the average mark of students (r = -0.257, p<0.0001). Moreover, significant differences in attitude scores were observed between students with a relative of mental illness and those without such a relative (p=0.004). There was an increasing trend of positive attitudes with increased educational level among 9th, 10th, and 11th graders (p-trend<0.0001) and with an increase in the educational level of the students father (p-trend=0.028). However, no significant difference in attitude score was found across categories of sex, religion, living condition of father, presence of a mentally ill neighbor, educational level of mother, or ethnicity. In conclusion, considerable numbers of SSs have negative attitudes towards mental illness. Implementation of programs that enhance positive attitudes towards mentally ill individuals is recommended.

scholarly journals Cynical hostility and the metabolic syndrome: A case-control study

2016 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Gremigni
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Cynical Hostility

Background: Evidence suggests that metabolic syndrome and hostility are independent risk factors for the development of coronary heart disease. Recently, the combined effect of metabolic syndrome and hostility has shown to predict the incidence of myocardial infarction. This study tested whether cynical hostility was associated with the metabolic syndrome in a sample of Italian adults. Methods: 992 subjects participated in the study. Among them, 546 participants were classified as having metabolic syndrome and 446 as controls, not having any of the risk factors that constitute the metabolic syndrome. Cynicism, the cognitive component of hostility, was measured with a self-report questionnaire derived from the Cook–Medley Hostility Scale. Metabolic syndrome was based on having the following risk factors: obesity, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, and elevated arterial blood pressure. Results: The cross-sectional association of cynical hostility with metabolic syndrome was statistically significant (p &lt;0.0001). Hostility was also associated with age (p &lt;0.0001) and educational level (p &lt;0.02). Predictors of having metabolic syndrome were higher cynicism (O.R. 1.12), older age (O.R. 1.39), and lower educational level (O.R. 1.05). Conclusions: The results highlight the potential importance of intervention on psychological factors (i.e. hostility) to prevent coronary heart disease.

Psychosocial health of adolescents in relation to underweight, overweight/obese status: the EU NET ADB survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgia Drosopoulou ◽  
Theodoros N Sergentanis ◽  
Georgios Mastorakos ◽  
Elpis Vlachopapadopoulou ◽  
Stefanos Michalacos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Status ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Psychosocial Health ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sociodemographic Variables ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Body Weight Status

Abstract Background Both deviations from normal weight, namely, underweight and overweight/obese status, have been inversely associated with psychosocial health in adolescents. This study aimed to examine the relationship between psychosocial health and body mass index (BMI) among adolescents in five European countries, while assessing the effect of sociodemographic variables. Methods A cross-sectional school-based study of adolescents aged 14–17.9 years was conducted in the framework of the European Network for Adolescent Addictive Behavior survey. Self-reported questionnaires from Greece, Iceland, the Netherlands, Romania and Spain were used for the current analysis. Associations between Youth Self-Report (YSR) scales and BMI status were investigated by multiple logistic regression analysis. The effect of sociodemographic variables was also measured. Results Τhe sample consisted of 7005 adolescents aged 14–17.9 years. Borderline/clinical scores on some YSR scales were independently associated with overweight/obesity, specifically total problems (OR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.18–1.96), internalizing ( OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.16–1.91), externalizing (OR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.10–1.68), social (OR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.19–2.35) and thought problems (OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.20–2.20). Among subscales, overweight/obesity specifically correlated with anxiety/depression (OR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.33–2.51), withdrawal/depression (OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.02–2.48) and rule-breaking behavior (OR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.15–2.08). Underweight was associated with problems on activities (OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.01–1.68) and withdrawal/depression (OR = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.27–3.01). Conclusions Lower levels of psychosocial health are associated with both deviations from normal weight. These findings suggest the need for health policies that target health habits and lifestyle, as well as positive attitudes towards the body image, with respect to the different psychosocial characteristics of each body weight status category.

scholarly journals The Mediation Effect of Self–Report Physical Activity Patterns in the Relationship between Educational Level and Cognitive Impairment in Elderly: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Chilean Health National Survey 2016–2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2619
Author(s):  
Patricio Solis-Urra ◽  
Julio Plaza-Diaz ◽  
Ana Isabel Álvarez-Mercado ◽  
Fernando Rodríguez-Rodríguez ◽  
Carlos Cristi-Montero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional

The aims of this cross-sectional study were (i) to determine the association of educational level attained with cognitive impairment and (ii) to investigate the mediating effect of different self-report physical activity (PA) patterns in a large sample of older Chileans. A sample of 1571 older adults from the National Chilean Survey (2016–2017) was included. The educational level attained, PA levels, mode of commuting, sedentary time, and leisure-time PA were self-reported through validated questionnaires. Cognitive impairment was determined by Mini-Mental State Examination (modified version). Association between educational level attained and cognitive impairment was examined using logistic regression models. Counterfactual mediation models were used to test the mediating effect of self-reported PA patterns. A lower educational level was consistently associated with higher odds of cognitive impairment (OR range 2.846 to 2.266, all p < 0.001), while leisure-time PA was the only PA pattern that partially mediated this association (proportion mediated 8.0%). In conclusion, leisure-time PA was the solely PA pattern that partially mediated the association between the educational level and cognitive impairment. The rest self-reported PA patterns did not modify this association.

scholarly journals Experiencing stigma: Nepalese perspectives

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 458-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
SR Adhikari ◽  
SN Pradhan ◽  
SC Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Treatment Compliance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Course Of Illness ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Compliance To Treatment ◽  
And Coping

Background: Experiencing stigma by patients with mental illness in their day to day lives has substantial importance in treatment, compliance and quality of life. There is dearth of information and researches in experiences/ perceptions and coping of stigma in Nepal. Aims: The objective of this study was to find out experiences/ perceptions and coping of stigma and stigmatizations among patients with mental illness. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective, cross sectional study of patients admitted in psychiatry ward. Patients were assessed using self-report questionnaire which focused on beliefs about discrimination against mental illness, rejection experiences, and ways of coping with stigma. Patient's socio demographic profiles were also assessed. Results: Fifty three patients completed questionnaire concerning various constructs of stigma. There were 29 male patients and 24 female patients. Majority (N=45; 84.9%) were of Hindu religion but there were mixed numbers regarding caste. Most of the patients were aware of the stigma associated with mental illness. There were experiences of rejection by family members and colleagues (N=23; 43.4%) and health care professional (N=16; 30.2%). There were strong perceptions of stigmatization felt by patients in different social circumstances. Though maintaining secrecy and avoidance/withdrawal of stigma provoking scenario were not experienced much, there was a strong sense of advocacy whenever there was any negative view of mental illness. Some of the questionnaire items in "perception", "rejection" and "coping" showed statistical significance (p=0.001). Conclusion: People with mental illness experience stigma during their course of illness and treatment and it is an important determinant for the relapse of symptoms and non-compliance to treatment. Despite experiencing stigma, patients were generally treated fairly by other people. Patients develop various mechanisms to cope with stigma, mostly secrecy and avoidance. Advocacy and anti-stigma campaign along with positive attitudes of health professionals play important role in decreasing stigmatizing experiences in patients. Key Words: Stigma, stigmatization, mental illness, coping, perception. doi: 10.3126/kumj.v6i4.1736 Kathmandu University Medical Journal (2008), Vol. 6, No. 4, Issue 24, 458-465

The Development of a Self-Report Scale to Assess Therapists’ Acceptance of Online Psychotherapy via Video Conferencing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Bekes ◽  
Katie Aafjes-van Doorn ◽  
James Joseph McCollum ◽  
Tracy R. Prout ◽  
Leon Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Factor Model ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Online Therapy ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Future ◽  
Report Measure

Objective: We aimed to develop a self-report measure of therapist acceptance of online therapy via videoconferencing based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) framework. Method: Using a cross-sectional survey design, 1,265 therapists completed the UTAUT-T, as well as additional questions. Results: Confirmatory analysis indicated that the original UTAUT model did not fit the therapist context well. Exploratory factor analysis specified a better-fitting five-factor model (Therapy Quality Expectation, Pressure from Others, Ease of Use, Professional Support, Convenience), which showed good internal validity. Of the five factors, four predicted intention to use online therapy in the future. Conclusion: The 21-item UTAUT-T offers a promising self-report measure of therapist acceptance of online therapy and intention towards using it in the future, which, in turn are likely to predict actual future use outside the pandemic context. Future studies on the convergent and predictive validity of the UTAUT-T are warranted.

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