Acute respiratory diseases: progression features, pharmaceutical therapy

Acute respiratory diseases (ARD) are widespread diseases and are of great social importance. Diagnosis of acute respiratory infections implies the damage to the respiratory system caused by a wide range of pathogens. Among the pathogens of acute respiratory infections are viruses of acute respiratory viral infection (ARVI) group, including influenza, as well as fungal and bacterial pathogens, which include intracellular bacteria: mycoplasma and chlamydia. Diseases caused by intracellular pathogens are treated by antibacterial drugs that can easily penetrate the cells and create there high concentrations.

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Newer Virus Diseases: Clinical Differentiation of Acute Respiratory Infections

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.27.1.44 ◽

1961 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 44-44

Author(s):

DAVID T. KARZON

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Diseases ◽

Small Volume ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Daily Practice ◽

Clinical Aspects ◽

Acute Respiratory Infections ◽

Viral Etiology ◽

Virus Diseases ◽

Acute Respiratory Diseases ◽

Basic Concepts

Acute respiratory diseases, especially those of viral etiology, occupy a goodly proportion of the attention of the pediatrician in his daily practice. In this small volume, Dr. Adams attempts to bring together the rapidly appearing information regarding recent discoveries and innovations in virology and correlate them with clinical aspects of respiratory infection. Sections are devoted to introducing basic concepts in virology and to anatomic and physiologic aspects of the respiratory system in relation to infection.

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Fenspiride use in acute respiratory infections in children

Medical Council ◽

10.21518/2079-701x-2019-2-120-123 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 120-123

Author(s):

N. G. Kolosova ◽

M. D. Shakhnazarova

Keyword(s):

Safety Profile ◽

Respiratory Diseases ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Economic Problem ◽

Acute Respiratory Infections ◽

Efficacy And Safety ◽

High Efficacy ◽

Acute Respiratory Diseases ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Acute respiratory infections are the most common pathology in childhood, representing not only a medical but also a socio-economic problem. Numerous studies on the use of anti-inflammatory therapy in ARI have shown high efficacy and safety profile of fenspiride. The combination of anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, and antispasmodic properties ensures the success of fenspiride in the treatment of acute respiratory diseases in children. Fenspiride reduces symptoms of ARI, accelerates recovery, reduces the need for additional prescription of other drugs.

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Clinical-epidemiological peculiarities of acute respiratory infections in children from 3 to 12 years and evaluation of effectiveness of antivirus therapy

Journal Infectology ◽

10.22625/2072-6732-2019-11-3-38-45 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 38-45

Author(s):

S. A. Khmilevskaya ◽

N. I. Zryachkin ◽

V. E. Mikhailova

Keyword(s):

Viral Infections ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Molecular Genetic ◽

Respiratory Viruses ◽

Acute Respiratory Infections ◽

Age Group ◽

Leading Role ◽

Respiratory Viral Infections ◽

Acute Respiratory Viral Infection ◽

Tract Infections

The aim: to study the etiological structure of acute respiratory infections in children aged 3 to 12 hospitalized in the early stages of the disease in the department of respiratory infections of the children’s hospital, and to reveal the features of their clinical course and the timing of DNA / RNA elimination of respiratory viruses from nasal secretions, depending on the method of therapy. Materials and methods: 100 children with acute respiratory infections aged 3 to 12 years were monitored. The nasal secrets on the DNA / RNA of respiratory viruses were studied by PCR. Depending on the method of therapy, patients were divided into 2 groups: patients of group 1 (comparison) received basic treatment (without the use of antiviral drugs), in patients of the 2nd group (main), along with basal therapy, the drug was used umifenovir in a 5-day course at the ageappropriate dosage. Results: In the etiologic structure of ARVI in children from 3 to 12 years, the leading place was taken by rhinovirus, influenza and metapneumovirus infections (isolated – 18%, 19% and 20% respectively, in the form of a mixed infection – 11%). The main syndromic diagnosis at the height of the disease was rhinopharyngitis. Complications were observed in 42% of cases, as often as possible with flu – 53% of cases. Features of metapneumovirus infection in children of this age group were: predominance of non-severe forms of the disease in the form of acute fever with symptoms of rhinopharyngitis, as well as a small incidence of lower respiratory tract infections. The use of the drug umiphenovir in children with acute respiratory viral infections of various etiologies contributed to significantly faster elimination of viral DNA / RNA from the nasal secretion, which was accompanied by a ecrease in the duration of the main clinical and hematological symptoms of the disease, a decrease in the incidence of complications, and reduced the duration of stay in hospital. Conclusion: application of modern molecular genetic methods of diagnostics made it possible to identify the leading role of influenza, metapneumovirus and rhinovirus infections in the etiology of acute respiratory viral infection in patients aged 3 to 12 years, and to determine a number of clinical features characteristic of this age group. The results of the study testify to the effectiveness of umiphenovir in the treatment of children with acute respiratory viral infections of various etiologies and allow us to recommend this drug as an effective and safe etiotropic agent.

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Monostrain and multistrain probiotics for respiratory diseases in children

Russian Medical Inquiry ◽

10.32364/2587-6821-2020-4-11-698-704 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (11) ◽

pp. 698-704

Author(s):

E.S. Dzottsoeva ◽

◽

A.V. Gorelov ◽

◽

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Diseases ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽

Human Organism ◽

High Morbidity ◽

Acute Respiratory Infections ◽

Bifidobacterium Lactis ◽

Impaired Performance ◽

Vital Functions ◽

Multistrain Probiotics

Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in children are common conditions characterized by high morbidity. ARIs account for up to 75% of all cases of antibiotic use. Dysbiosis results in the impaired performance of vital functions, i.e., digestion, synthesis, colonization resistance, and the regulation of immune system. Probiotics are one of the effective tools to affect the composition of gut microbiota and to restore its metabolic activity. Probiotics, their effects on human organism, and their use in various diseases have received an enormous attention. Meanwhile, the use of antibiotics and the etiological diversity of ARIs account for the lack and irrationality of extensive preventive measures (as in flu) and raise the interest in non-specific prophylaxis. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. Lactis BB-12 are well-studied strains. Lactobacillus plantarum LP01 and LP02, Lactobacillus rhamnosus LR04 and LR05, and Bifidobacterium lactis BS01 used as monostrain probiotics are also of interest. Multistrain probiotics are gaining traction. However, these probiotics are understudied and require more attention. KEYWORDS: microbiome, monostrain probiotics, multistrain probiotics, acute respiratory infections, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, antibiotic-associated syndrome, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium lactis. FOR CITATION: Dzottsoeva E.S., Gorelov A.V. Monostrain and multistrain probiotics for respiratory diseases in children. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2020;4(11):698–704. DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2020-4-11-698-704.

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Etiological characteristics of acute respiratory diseases in servicemen of the Western military district in 2014-2019

Vestnik of Russian military medical Academy ◽

10.17816/brmma25972 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 81-86

Author(s):

A N Gorenchuk ◽

P V Kulikov ◽

S D Zhogolev ◽

R M Aminev ◽

A A Kuzin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Sustainability ◽

Respiratory Diseases ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Genetic Material ◽

Influenza Viruses ◽

Respiratory Pathogens ◽

Acute Respiratory Diseases ◽

Socio Demographic Factors ◽

Comparison Of The Results ◽

Active Implementation

The species affiliation of respiratory pathogens isolated from patients and carriers in the military units of the Western Military District in 2014-2019 was studied. The analysis of long-term and seasonal dynamics of their circulation is carried out. It was found that S. pneumoniae and adenoviruses are more often detected in acute respiratory diseases in conscripts. The genetic material of adenoviruses was found in 31,9% of samples, influenza viruses in 13,3%, rhinoviruses in 11,2%, respiratory syncytial viruses in 1,7%, metapneumoviruses in 0,9%, parainfluenza viruses 0,7%, bocaviruses0,5%, coronaviruses 0,1%, S. pneumoniae 33,9%, H. influenzae 13%, M. pneumoniae 9%, C. pneumoniae - in 3,3%, N. meningitidis - in 16%. Comparison of the results of work with studies carried out by domestic research groups among the civilian population in the same period showed that the circulation of various respiratory viruses depends on the year, season, and is also influenced by socio-demographic factors. A direct high functional correlation was found between the dynamics of circulation of adenovirus and S. pneumoniae in different years and epidemic seasons. Evidence has been obtained of the active implementation of the process of self-maintenance of the reservoir of infections and the multifactorial nature of the overall environmental sustainability of the system in organized military teams. In the etiological structure of respiratory infections, the proportion of pathogens varies depending on the season in different years, the characteristics of the formation and composition of organized groups, as well as epidemic periods.

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Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) and Weaning Status of Infants Admitted in Selected Hospitals of Rajshahi- A Case Control Study

TAJ Journal of Teachers Association ◽

10.3329/taj.v32i1.42740 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 70-81

Author(s):

Farhana Yasmin ◽

Md Jawadul Haque

Keyword(s):

Infectious Diseases ◽

Respiratory Tract ◽

Breast Feeding ◽

Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Case Control ◽

Case Group ◽

Acute Respiratory Infections ◽

Wide Range ◽

Tract Infections

Background: Acute respiratory infections (ARI) include upper respiratory tract infections and lower respiratory tract infections. Infections of the respiratory tract are perhaps the most common human ailment. While they are a source of discomfort, disability and loss of time for most adults, they are a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality in young children. ARI may cause inflammation of the respiratory tract anywhere from nose to alveoli, with a wide range of combination of symptoms and signs. ARI in children is most common among others because heir constant contact with other kids who could be virus carriers. Children often don’t wash their hands regularly. They are also more likely to rub their eyes and put their fingers in their mouths, resulting in the spread of viruses. For prevention of malnutrition and infection of child breast feeding is an important determinant of child health in the prevention of malnutrition and infection but in many cultures other food was introduced years before the cessation of breast feeding. In Bangladesh, many infectious diseases such as diarrhoea and acute respiratory infections are the main cause of mortality and morbidity in infants aged less than one year. The importance of breast feeding in the prevention of infectious diseases during infancy is well known. Objective: In this study our main objective is to evaluate the association between ARI of infant and weaning status of infants admitted in selected Hospitals of Rajshahi. Study place and Method: This study provided a wide range of information regarding ARI and weaning status of infants admitted in selected hospitals of Rajshahi and from the surroundings. This was a case control type of study. A total of 230 caregiver or mothers were interviewed. Result & discussion: It was found that the relationship between weaning status of infants and occurrence of ARI was statistically significant (p<0.001). It was showed that majority of the babies of the case group were weaned by Cow’s milk and within the control group by mashed rice. The association between occurrence of ARI and type of weaning food was statistically significant (p<0.001). It was also found that majority of the babies living in rural areas developed ARI and also within the case group majority (29.6%) of the babies who were not exclusively breast fed developed ARI and the association between occurrence of ARI and EBF was statistically significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: Our study suggests that proportion of ARI is more among the infants who were weaned earlier. TAJ 2019; 32(1): 70-81

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The herbal preparations in the treatment of cough in children with respiratory infections

Medical Council ◽

10.21518/2079-701x-2019-2-82-86 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 82-86 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

V. М. Deliagin

Keyword(s):

Herbal Medicine ◽

Respiratory Diseases ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Symptomatic Treatment ◽

Common Symptom ◽

Acute Respiratory Infections ◽

It Use ◽

Herbal Preparations ◽

Outpatient Practice ◽

Common Infection

Acute respiratory infections (ARI, commen cold) are the most common infection diseases in children. They account for up 75% of all cases of respiratory diseases. In most cases, ARI are selfterminating diseases that require only symptomatic treatment. The most common symptom of ARI is cough. In outpatient practice justified the use of herbal medicine. As an antisussive well eastablished syrup Gedelix. The effectivnesses of the medicine, the possibility of accuracy dosing, pleasant taste facilitate it use in children.

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The place of combined mucoactive drugs in the treatment of acute respiratory infections in children

Medical Council ◽

10.21518/2079-701x-2021-21-1-225-233 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 225-233

Author(s):

L. S. Starostina

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Diseases ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Acute Respiratory Infections ◽

Multicenter Studies ◽

Current Trends ◽

Drug Substances ◽

Combination Drugs ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

Official Records

The problem of respiratory diseases and their therapy options still retains much of its urgency. Respiratory diseases in children are still super common. According to the data on infectious morbidity among children in the Russian Federation for the period 2018–2020, current trends have not changed, and the acute respiratory infections (ARI) are still ranked number one in terms of the frequency of registered diseases. According to the official records, the frequency of ARI in children among infectious diseases is 71,850.02 per 100,000 population, or 71%. Such well-known symptom as cough is one of the most frequent manifestations of respiratory diseases. It causes the greatest discomfort for both the little patients and their parents, the quality of life of the children and those around them worsens, many domestic and foreign authors mention this symptom in their works. And it is this problem that doctors of various specialties most often face. The cough is currently treated with drugs with different effects depending on the characteristics and manifestations of the disease. Systematic reviews and multicenter studies show that prescription of mucoactive drugs to treat cough in children with underlying ARI is substantiated and feasible. The authors substantiated the necessity of using combinations of various drugs aimed to reduce inflammation of the airways, improve mucociliary clearance, thin out and promote sputum discharge and, accordingly, reduce cough. The article briefly discusses the mechanisms of the development of cough in ARI, the action of drug substances included in the combination drugs used to treat cough in children, the possibility of using the combination of muco- and bronchoactive drugs of synthetic and plant origin.

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Outpatient Management of Acute Respiratory Infections in Children

Педиатрическая фармакология ◽

10.15690/pf.v18i5.2298 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 363-370

Author(s):

Radima A. Mukozheva ◽

Tatyana V. Kulichenko ◽

Tatyana V. Vilchanskaya ◽

Mariya A. Lazareva ◽

Olga V. Romanova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Viral Infection ◽

Russian Federation ◽

Antibacterial Therapy ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Acute Bronchitis ◽

Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽

Outpatient Clinics ◽

Acute Respiratory Infections ◽

Acute Respiratory Viral Infection ◽

Tract Infections

Background. Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most crucial problems in human health care worldwide. The main cause of this crisis is the excessive and misuse of antibacterial drugs (ADs). The highest rate of improper antibiotics' prescriptions in pediatric practice is observed at treatment of respiratory tract infections in outpatient clinics. Objective. The aim of the study is to analyze the clinical practice of management of patients with acute respiratory infections (ARI) and the use of ADs in children's outpatient clinics across the regions of Russian Federation. Methods. Multicenter retrospective study was conducted. All ARI cases documented in 969 medical records (form 112/y) of children born in 2015–2017 yy. in 16 regions of Russian Federation (selected randomly) were analyzed. Results. Acute viral infection was diagnosed in 79.6% cases of referencing to doctor with ARI symptoms. Systemic ADs were prescribed in 23% cases of ARI. Antibacterial therapy was received by 14% of children diagnosed with acute respiratory viral infection, 35% with acute laryngotracheitis, 80% with acute bronchitis, 76% with acute rhinosinusitis, 94% with ARI associated with otitis media, 52% with tonsillopharyngitis, and 100% with community-acquired pneumonia. Amoxicillin (35%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (24%), azithromycin (20.2%) were prescribed most often. Parenteral administration of ADs was prescribed in 3.9% of cases, mostly for children with community-acquired pneumonia. Prescribed antibacterial therapy was unreasonable in 84% of analyzed cases. Polypragmasy occurred in 50.5% of cases. Clinical protocols violations were mostly common for management of patients with laryngotracheitis and tonsillopharyngitis. Conclusion. There is favorable trend towards the decrease in ADs prescribing frequency in outpatient clinics for children with ARI. Thus, polypragmasy and irrational choice of antibacterial therapy frequency remains quite high.

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Epidemiologic pattern of respiratory diseases among hospitalized pediatric patients in Khulna, Bangladesh

International Journal of Scientific Reports ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20211952 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 306

Author(s):

M. Mirajul Islam ◽

Joy Debnath ◽

Nadira Naznin Rakhi ◽

Abdullah Al-Jubayer

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Diseases ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Risk Group ◽

National Level ◽

Age Groups ◽

Hospitalization Rate ◽

Acute Respiratory Infections ◽

High Burden ◽

Interpretative Approach

Background: High burden of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) with a significant rate of mortality is notable in developing countries including Bangladesh. Despite the frequent reports of ARIs, the exact prevalence and spectrum of ARIs in this country is unknown even at subnational level. The aim of the study was to determine of current spectrum of respiratory diseases of children in Bangladesh.Methods: The current study analyzed 2993 pediatric patients admitted form June 2019 to January 2020 into Khulna Shishu Hospital, Khulna, Bangladesh using a quantitative interpretative approach. Results: A total of 1382 patients (46.17%) were admitted because of ARIs and were predominately male children (65.77%). Among different ARIs, hospitalization was mainly due to lower tract respiratory infections (LRTI) and the prevalent cases of ARIs could be classified into undifferentiated ARI (20.92%), pneumonia (14.84%) and LRTI other than pneumonia and bronchitis (9.02%), bronchitis (1.40%). Mortality rate was observed 2.51%, although the highest rate of mortality (65%) was recorded among the infant age groups.Conclusions: This study showed the risk group and risk factors of developing severity in ARIs leading to a high hospitalization rate due to ARIs among children in Bangladesh. More such studies at national level are required to develop proper combating strategy to decrease the mortality and the morbidity associated with ARIs in the country.

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