Closed-Loop Bioconversion of Plant Material into Ethanol and Feed

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
М.V. Turshatov ◽  
V.А. Krivchenko ◽  
А.О. Solovyev ◽  
V.D. Nikitenko
Keyword(s):  
Closed Loop ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Main Process ◽  
Alcohol Production ◽  
Harmful Emissions ◽  
Efficient Processing

At present, the production of ethyl alcohol in accordance with the current legislation is possible only on condition of complete processing or disposal of waste from the main process. The article discusses the possibility of partial replacement of industrial water at the stage of the mixture preparation with stillage filtrate and its condensate resulting from the evaporation in a vacuum unit. The data obtained showed that partial replacement of process water with the indicated substances does not lead to a decrease in the quality of the target product, while complete fermentation of raw materials occurs with the formation of alcohol in an amount exceeding the established rate. The closed production cycle reduces the negative impact of distilleries on the environment by reducing harmful emissions and ensuring the more complete and efficient processing of raw materials. In addition, this approach makes it possible to reduce the costs of production and the final product. Key words: complex processing of raw materials, waste, closed-loop process, grain stillage, feedstuffs, sour condensate, alcohol production Funding - Research work on the preparation of the manuscript was carried out at the expense of subsidy for the implementation of state assignment no. 0529-2019-0066.

scholarly journals Research of functional and technological properties of minced meat products with using fish raw materials

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (90) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
Y. Matsuk ◽  
I. Marchenko ◽  
V. Pasichnyi
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Minced Meat

The article is devoted to the improvement of the recipes of minced meat products with using fish raw materials and the study of organoleptic and functional and technological properties of developed minced meat systems and finished products. The research has been carried out on the rational combining of meat and fish raw materials and the expansion of assortment of minced semi-finished products. The formulations of minced meat systems for the production of meat semi-finished with a partial replacement of the main raw material to fish raw materials have been developed. The organoleptic and functional and technological parameters of minced meat systems and finished products are investigated. According to the results of the organoleptic evaluation, it was found that partial replacement of meat raw material with minced fish does not worsen the sensory characteristics of minced meat products. It is established that in comparison with the control sample there is an improvement of functional and technological indicators. In particular, the moisture content increased by an average of 6.1%, moisture absorption capacity – 5.91%, energy absorption capacity – 2.49%, fat-retaining ability – 2.52%. The obtained results confirmed the expediency of using minced meat with pollack in the technology of minced meat semi-finished products with due observance of the parameters of production cycle of heat treatment of products. It has been theoretically substantiated and experimentally confirmed the technology of meat products using minced meat and developed recipes. It has been established that with careful selection of components that are part of minced meat semi-finished products with the addition of fish raw materials can increase the organoleptic and functional and technological parameters of finished products. The obtained data suggest that the improved recipes of minced meat semi-finished products can be recommended for production by enterprises of the meat industry and restaurants

scholarly journals The Circular Model in Disposal with Municipal Waste. A Case Study of Slovakia

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1839
Author(s):  
Henrieta Pavolová ◽  
Roman Lacko ◽  
Zuzana Hajduová ◽  
Zuzana Šimková ◽  
Martin Rovňák
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
National Level ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Linear Arrangement ◽  
Circular Model

Mineral resources are life and driving force of the European Union. It is gaining awareness not only in the EU dependent on imports, but also in the world. In the context of the growing population and the growing demands of economies for natural resources, this type of material management has a significant negative impact on the environment. The main aim of the study was to justify the model of circular economy on the national level, based on the disparities between the regions of Slovak republic. To meet the objective, mostly one-factor analysis was implemented. The circular model, which is based on the partial replacement of primary raw materials by secondary ones, should, on the one hand, limit the depletion of natural resources and, on the other hand, reduce the amount of waste produced. The presented work focuses on the issue of sustainable development, which is closely related to the circular economy, and then explains the circular economy model, including the differences from the linear arrangement and possible obstacles to its implementation for the specific conditions of the Slovak republic. From the results, it is clear that the proposed circular model would be helpful to improve the inefficiencies and disparities on the regional and national level.

scholarly journals Analysis of the problems and methods of processing fecal waste of railway transport

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Kanunnikov ◽  
Sergey Eroshchenko ◽  
Svetlana Kiseleva ◽  
Pavel Zozulya
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Economic Regulation ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
Human Waste ◽  
Technological Chain ◽  
Railway Passenger Transport ◽  
Efficient Processing ◽  
Railway Passenger ◽  
Fecal Waste

he current scheme for the turnover of human waste is imperfect and has a number of serious problems that lead to the risk of pollution of the surrounding natural environment, the emergence of threats to human health, the accumulation of waste water that is not suitable for further use. one of the aspects of the turnover of human waste is the turnover of fecal waste of railway transport. The article develops the topic raised in the research work on the topic No. 7280-20 «Improving the mechanisms of ecological and economic regulation of the turnover of fecal waste of railway transport», carried out by the authors in 2020. A quantitative assessment of the volume of fecal waste is made, the ways of its utilization in a number of countries are described, the current legislative norms of the Russian Federation that regulate these processes, the existing turnover schemes, in which there are significant amounts of different chemical composition and possible ways of using sewage sludge. possible ways of processing are described, based on the existing world experience and theoretical developments confirmed by experiments. the problems and risks of human involvement in the natural cycle of these wastes are considered, while the ambiguity of the situation and the lack of the only correct solutions are noted. The purpose of the article is to consider the technological directions and techniques that can be useful for creating technologies for processing this material into a competitive product and choosing priority directions in the processing of fecal waste. Special attention is paid to the waste generated during the operation of railway passenger transport and the design of the technological chain that allows more efficient processing of these wastes and minimizes the negative impact on the natural and man-made environment.

scholarly journals Dynamics of changes of physical and chemical indicators of the wort at alcohol production and stages of mechanical and enzymatic treatment at increase of grain concentration.

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-251
Author(s):  
A. A. Pushkar ◽  
D. V. Khlimankov ◽  
V. I. Solovei ◽  
Yu. S. Pusovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Enzymatic Treatment ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Research Quality ◽  
Ethanol Metabolism ◽  
Mobile Environment ◽  
Alcohol Production ◽  
Chemical Indicators ◽  
Efficient Processing ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The article presents the results of studies on the dynamics of changes in the physicochemical parameters of wort at the stages of mechano-enzymatic treatment with increasing concentration of grain mixtures. The influence of physicochemical indices of wort on the stages of mechano-enzymatic treatment with an increase in the concentration of grain mixtures is established. Increasing the concentration of rye mixtures significantly worsens the conditions of enzymatic degradation of starch-containing raw materials in the process of mechanical and enzymatic processing. It has been established that rye processing at wort concentrations of more than 22.5 % is possible only in a mixture with triticale, which will contribute to a decrease in the yield strength of grain mixtures and wort both at the stage of mechanical and enzymatic processing and at the stage of fermentation. At the same time, the key element in the possibility of efficient processing of highly concentrated wort with a concentration of 23.5–26.9 %, both in the case of rye processing and triticale processing, is the need to develop technological methods to reduce the viscosity of the wort entering the fermentation. Combined use enzyme preparation, hydrolyzing non-starch polysaccharides, at the stages of batch preparation and saccharification showed a high perspective of this technological method, since wola get more mobile environment, entering the fermentation, providing further reduce the viscosity of the wort during fermentation.Acknowledgments. The work was carried out within the framework of the state program of scientific research “Quality and efficiency of agro-industrial production”, sub-programme “food security”, task 3.5. “Study of the biosynthesis of ethanol metabolism by directional yeast cells and processes for the production of aged spirits based on grain distillates” (Republican budget). 

scholarly journals Prospects of Chlorine Method of Aluminum Production in Modern Conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vetchinkina Tatiana Nikolaevna ◽  
Balmaev Boris Grigorievich ◽  
Tuzhilin Aleksey Sergeevich
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Aluminum Chloride ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Aluminum Production ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Productivity Improvement ◽  
Harmful Emissions

The results of the feasibility study of the complete aluminum chlorine production cycle in comparison with the conventional method, namely, the extraction of alumina by the Bayer method and subsequent electrolysis of cryolite-alumina melts are reported in this paper. The advantages of the proposed method are: using low-quality Al-containing raw materials and less scarce and aggressive chlorides instead of fluorides; reduction of specific electric power consumption by about 30%; elimination of high-quality carbon-containing materials consumption and harmful emissions into the atmosphere; reduction of capital investments; labor productivity improvement. Keywords: aluminum-containing raw material chlorination, electrolysis of aluminum chloride, electricity savings

Organic chemical devulcanization of rubber vulcanizates in supercritical carbon dioxide and associated less eco-unfriendly approaches: A review

2021 ◽  
pp. 0734242X2110085
Author(s):  
Jabulani I Gumede ◽  
Buyiswa G Hlangothi ◽  
Chris D Woolard ◽  
Shanganyane P Hlangothi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Organic Chemical ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Waste Tyres ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

There is a growing need to recover raw materials from waste due to increasing environmental concerns and the widely adopted transition to circular economy. For waste tyres, it is necessary to continuously develop methods and processes that can devulcanize rubber vulcanizates into rubber products with qualities and properties that can closely match those of the virgin rubber. Currently, the most common, due to its efficiency and perceived eco-friendliness in recovering raw rubber from waste rubbers, such as tyres, is devulcanization in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) using commercial and typical devulcanizing agents. The scCO2 has been generally accepted as an attractive alternative to the traditional liquid-based devulcanization media because of the resultant devulcanized rubber has relatively better quality than other processes. For instance, when scCO2 is employed to recover rubber from waste tyres (e.g. truck tyres) and the recovered rubber is blended with virgin natural rubber (NR) in various compositions, the curing and mechanical properties of the blends closely match those of virgin NR. The atmospheric toxicity and cost of the commonly used devulcanization materials like chemical agents, oils and solvents have enabled a shift towards utilization of greener (mainly organic) and readily available devulcanization chemical components. This literature review paper discusses the approaches, which have less negative impact on the environment, in chemical devulcanization of rubber vulcanizates. A special focus has been on thermo-chemical devulcanization of waste tyres in scCO2 using common organic devulcanizing agents.

scholarly journals Production of Microfibrillated Cellulose from Fast-Growing Poplar and Olive Tree Pruning by Physical Pretreatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6445
Author(s):  
David Ibarra ◽  
Raquel Martín-Sampedro ◽  
Bernd Wicklein ◽  
Úrsula Fillat ◽  
María E. Eugenio
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Microfibrillated Cellulose ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pfi Refining ◽  
Tree Pruning

Motivated by the negative impact of fossil fuel consumption on the environment, the need arises to produce materials and energy from renewable sources. Cellulose, the main biopolymer on Earth, plays a key role in this context, serving as a platform for the development of biofuels, chemicals and novel materials. Among the latter, micro- and nanocellulose have been receiving increasing attention in the last few years. Their many attractive properties, i.e., thermal stability, high mechanical resistance, barrier properties, lightweight, optical transparency and ease of chemical modification, allow their use in a wide range of applications, such as paper or polymer reinforcement, packaging, construction, membranes, bioplastics, bioengineering, optics and electronics. In view of the increasing demand for traditional wood pulp (e.g., obtained from eucalypt, birch, pine, spruce) for micro/nanocellulose production, dedicated crops and agricultural residues can be interesting as raw materials for this purpose. This work aims at achieving microfibrillated cellulose production from fast-growing poplar and olive tree pruning using physical pretreatment (PFI refining) before the microfibrillation stage. Both raw materials yielded microfibrillated cellulose with similar properties to that obtained from a commercial industrial eucalypt pulp, producing films with high mechanical properties and low wettability. According to these properties, different applications for cellulose microfibers suspensions and films are discussed.

scholarly journals New Circular Challenges in the Development of Take-Away Food Packaging in the COVID-19 Period

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4705
Author(s):  
Ewa Kochańska ◽  
Rafał M. Łukasik ◽  
Maciej Dzikuć
Keyword(s):  
Social Transformation ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Distribution Channels ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Industrial Transformation ◽  
Specific Distribution ◽  
Food Market

The COVID-19 pandemic has set new challenges for the HoReCa industry. Lockdowns have coincided with and strongly impacted the industrial transformation processes that have been taking place for a decade. Among the most important HoReCa transition processes are those related to the rapid growth of the delivery-food market and ordering meals via internet platforms. The new delivery-food market requires not only the development of specific distribution channels, but also the introduction of appropriate, very specific food packaging. Food packaging and its functionality are defined by the administrative requirements and standards applicable to materials that have contact with food and principally through the prism of the ecological disaster caused by enormous amounts of plastic waste, mainly attributed to the food packaging. To meet environmental and administrative requirements, new technologies to produce food packaging materials are emerging, ensuring product functionality, low environmental impact, biodegradability, and potential for composting of the final product. However, predominantly, the obtained product should keep the nutritional value of food and protect it against changes in color or shape. Current social transformation has a significant impact on the food packaging sector, on one hand creating a new lifestyle for society all over the world, and on the other, a growing awareness of the negative impact of humans on the environment and increasing responsibility for the planet. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need to develop a circular economy based on the paradigm of shortening distribution channels, using local raw materials, limiting the consumption of raw materials, energy, water, and above all, minimizing waste production throughout the life cycle of products, all of which are in line with the idea of low-carbon development.

scholarly journals Modified Nanoclays/Straw Fillers as Functional Additives of Natural Rubber Biocomposites

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 799
Author(s):  
Justyna Miedzianowska ◽  
Marcin Masłowski ◽  
Przemysław Rybiński ◽  
Krzysztof Strzelec
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Damping Properties ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Functional Additives ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Elastomeric Materials ◽  
Research Goal ◽  
The Impact

Increasingly, raw materials of natural origin are used as fillers in polymer composites. Such biocomposites have satisfactory properties. To ensure above-average functional properties, modifications of biofillers with other materials are also used. The presented research work aimed to produce and characterize elastomeric materials with a straw-based filler and four different types of montmorillonite. The main research goal was to obtain improved functional parameters of vulcanizates based on natural rubber. A series of composites filled with straw and certain types of modified and unmodified nano-clays in various ratios and amounts were prepared. Then, they were subjected to a series of tests to assess the impact of the hybrids used on the final product. It has been shown that the addition of optimal amounts of biofillers can, inter alia, increase the tensile strength of the composite, improve damping properties, extend the burning time of the material and affect the course of vulcanization or cross-linking density.

scholarly journals Disintegration process in disc crushers

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 98-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Vaculík ◽  
J. Maloun ◽  
L. Chládek ◽  
M. Přikryl
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Fractional Composition ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Main Process ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
The Subject

Grinding or crushing hard raw materials is usually a primary operation which precedes the follow-up technological processes in a number of industrial sectors. A great variety of machines using different principles of fragmentation are employed in the technology of pulverization. The food industry uses roller mills, in which the main process is the shear grinding. In the animal feed industry impact machines known as hammer mills are often used. In recent years, mills have been employed that use their frontal edges for grinding or crushing during the rotation of one of two adjacent discs. The modern design disc machines used for grinding grain have resulted from long development and their operation has a relatively low noise level with reduced dust. The separation process that occurs in the gap between the active edges of the discs can be described as shear grinding and is currently the subject of attention which is focused on the specific energy consumption and fractional composition of the product of grinding.  

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document