Effects of daily 1,000-IU vitamin D-fortified milk intake on skeletal muscle mass, power, physical function and nutrition status in Japanese

This study evaluated the impact of exercise training with amino acid and vitamin D supplementation on muscle and bone mass in participants with low muscle volume. Twenty-nine Japanese participants (56-84 years old) were enrolled and assigned into the supplement (n=15) and non-supplement (n=14) groups. All participants underwent a 6-month exercise program. Supplements and nutrition support were provided to the participants in the supplement group for 12 weeks. Body composition and whole bone mineral density (BMD) were measured using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. The outcomes, including body composition, whole BMD, and skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), were evaluated twice: pre- and post-intervention. The SMI was 6.51(6.28; 7.14) and 5.58 (5.24; 6.05) (kg/m2) in men and women, respectively. The average SMI change was 0.13% (-0.05%; 0.31%) and 2.33% (-0.88%; 5.48%); [mean (lower; upper quartile)]. The average BMD loss in the non-supplement group was -2.78%, and the BMD increased in the supplement group by 4.34%; there was an absolute difference between the two groups (p<0.05). After the intervention, serum myostatin was changed (p=0.001, non-supplement>supplement), serum vitamin D was increased (p=0.03; supplement>non-supplement), and BMD was maintained (p=0.03, supplement>non-supplement). There was a significant difference in the serum myostatin level at baseline and at 6-month in the non-supplement group, with a mean difference of 483.78 ng/ml (p=0.01). There was no significant improvement in the total lean mass, and handgrip strength. Resistance exercise combined with an amino acid supplement affects muscle and bone mass in the short-term intervention.

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Vitamin D Status in Obesity Is Associated with Skeletal Muscle Mass Independent of Adiposity

10.1210/endo-meetings.2011.part1.p9.p1-207 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. P1-207-P1-207

Author(s):

Prapimporn Shantavasinkul ◽

Pariya Phanachet ◽

Orawan Puchaiwattananon ◽

La-or Chailurkit ◽

Boonsong Ongphiphadhanakul ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Vitamin D Status

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β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate and its impact on skeletal muscle mass and physical function in clinical practice: a systematic review and meta-analysis

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1093/ajcn/nqy373 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 109 (4) ◽

pp. 1119-1132 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Danielle E Bear ◽

Anne Langan ◽

Eirini Dimidi ◽

Liesl Wandrag ◽

Stephen D R Harridge ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Physical Function ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Clinical Conditions

ABSTRACT Background Loss of skeletal muscle mass and muscle weakness are common in a variety of clinical conditions with both wasting and weakness associated with an impairment of physical function. β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) is a nutrition supplement that has been shown to favorably influence muscle protein turnover and thus potentially plays a role in ameliorating skeletal muscle wasting and weakness. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of HMB alone, or supplements containing HMB, on skeletal muscle mass and physical function in a variety of clinical conditions characterized by loss of skeletal muscle mass and weakness. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials reporting outcomes of muscle mass, strength, and physical function was performed. Two reviewers independently performed screening, data extraction, and risk-of-bias assessment. Outcome data were synthesized through meta-analysis with the use of a random-effects model and data presented as standardized mean differences (SMDs). Results Fifteen randomized controlled trials were included, involving 2137 patients. Meta-analysis revealed some evidence to support the effect of HMB alone, or supplements containing HMB, on increasing skeletal muscle mass (SMD = 0.25; 95% CI: –0.00, 0.50; z = 1.93; P = 0.05; I2 = 58%) and strong evidence to support improving muscle strength (SMD = 0.31; 95% CI: 0.12, 0.50; z = 3.25; P = 0.001; I2 = 0%). Effect sizes were small. No effect on bodyweight (SMD = 0.16; 95% CI: –0.08, 0.41; z = 1.34; P = 0.18; I2 = 67%) or any other outcome was found. No study was considered to have low risk of bias in all categories. Conclusion HMB, and supplements containing HMB, increased muscle mass and strength in a variety of clinical conditions, although the effect size was small. Given the bias associated with many of the included studies, further high-quality studies should be undertaken to enable interpretation and translation into clinical practice. The trial was registered on PROSPERO as CRD42017058517.

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High skeletal muscle mass is associated with increased serum 25(OH)D levels in elderly

Zinc supplementation improves heme biosynthesis in rats exposed to lead ◽

10.18051/univmed.2017.v36.236-242 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 236

Author(s):

Verawati Sudarma ◽

Lukman Halim

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Body Composition ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Linear Regression ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Anthropometric Measurements

Background Low vitamin D has been associated with various health problems. Aging influences body composition, especially body fat and fat-free mass. Anthropometric measurements, such as body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), body fat (BF), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), waist circumference (WC) and the waist-height ratio (WHtR) represent body composition which many studies proposed will influence serum vitamin D [25(OH)D]. The objective of the present study was to determine which anthropometric measurements were determinants of 25(OH)D levels in elderly. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 126 elderly (>60 years old) men and women at Pusat Santunan Dalam Keluarga (PUSAKA) Central Jakarta centers. Anthropometric measurements [body mass index (BMI), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), body fat (BF), and waist circumference (WC)] were determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis using the Omron body composition monitor with scales (HBF-375, Omron, Japan). Fasting blood samples were taken to measure 25(OH)D level by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Multivariate linear regression was used to analyze the data. Results The data showed that BMI, BF, and WC were higher than recommended, while SMM and serum 25(OH)D were lower. When the analysis was done based on sex, there were significant differences in BF, SMM, WHtR, and serum 25(OH)D. In the linear regression multivariate analysis of log 25(OH)D with age and body anthropometric measurements, only SMM reached significance level (β=0.019; p=0.025). Conclusions This study demonstrated a positive association between skeletal muscle mass and serum levels of vitamin D in elderly.

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The Role of the Gut Microbiome on Skeletal Muscle Mass and Physical Function: 2019 Update

Frontiers in Physiology ◽

10.3389/fphys.2019.01435 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Michael S. Lustgarten

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Physical Function ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass

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Sarcopenia and Frailty in Liver Cirrhosis

Life ◽

10.3390/life11050399 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 399

Author(s):

Hiroki Nishikawa ◽

Shinya Fukunishi ◽

Akira Asai ◽

Shuhei Nishiguchi ◽

Kazuhide Higuchi

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Liver Cirrhosis ◽

Physical Function ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

The Elderly ◽

The Body ◽

Assessment Criteria ◽

Skeletal Muscle Atrophy

Skeletal muscle is the largest organ in the body, and skeletal muscle atrophy results from a shift in the balance of protein synthesis and degradation toward protein breakdown. Primary sarcopenia is defined as a loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength or physical function due to aging, and secondary sarcopenia is defined as a loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength or physical function due to underlying diseases. Liver cirrhosis (LC) is one of the representative diseases which can be complicated with secondary sarcopenia. Muscle mass loss becomes more pronounced with worsening liver reserve in LC patients. While frailty encompasses a state of increased vulnerability to environmental factors, there is also the reversibility of returning to a healthy state with appropriate intervention. Several assessment criteria for sarcopenia and frailty were proposed in recent years. In 2016, the Japan Society of Hepatology created assessment criteria for sarcopenia in liver disease. In Japan, health checkups for frailty in the elderly aged 75 years or more started in April 2020. Both sarcopenia and frailty can be adverse predictors for cirrhotic patients. In this review article, we will summarize the current knowledge of sarcopenia and frailty in LC patients.

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Vitamin D Supplementation and Impact on Skeletal Muscle Function in Cell and Animal Models and an Aging Population: What Do We Know So Far?

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13041110 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 1110

Author(s):

Karina Romeu Montenegro ◽

Milene Amarante Pufal ◽

Philip Newsholme

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Dietary Intervention ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Ageing Population ◽

Positive Effects ◽

The Impact ◽

In Cells

Aging is associated with impairment in skeletal muscle mass and contractile function, predisposing to fat mass gain, insulin resistance and diabetes. The impact of Vitamin D (VitD) supplementation on skeletal muscle mass and function in older adults is still controversial. The aim of this review was to summarize data from randomized clinical trials, animal dietary intervention and cell studies in order to clarify current knowledge on the effects of VitD on skeletal muscle as reported for these three types of experiments. A structured research of the literature in Medline via PubMed was conducted and a total of 43 articles were analysed (cells n = 18, animals n = 13 and humans n = 13). The results as described by these key studies demonstrate, overall, at cell and animal levels, that VitD treatments had positive effects on the development of muscle fibres in cells in culture, skeletal muscle force and hypertrophy. Vitamin D supplementation appears to regulate not only lipid and mitochondrial muscle metabolism but also to have a direct effect on glucose metabolism and insulin driven signalling. However, considering the human perspective, results revealed a predominance of null effects of the vitamin on muscle in the ageing population, but experimental design may have influenced the study outcome in humans. Well-designed long duration double-blinded trials, standardised VitD dosing regimen, larger sample sized studies and standardised measurements may be helpful tools to accurately determine results and compare to those observed in cells and animal dietary intervention models.

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Serum vitamin D status inversely associates with a prevalence of severe sarcopenia among female patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-99894-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hiroto Minamino ◽

Masao Katsushima ◽

Mie Torii ◽

Wataru Yamamoto ◽

Yoshihito Fujita ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Gait Speed ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Female Patients ◽

High Prevalence

AbstractSarcopenia is an age-related disease with an increased risk of mortality. It is emerging that low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] affects the sarcopenic state in general, but in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), these associations are not understood although the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency is high in RA. We conducted a cross-sectional study of older female outpatients from our cohort (KURAMA) database. We measured skeletal muscle mass, handgrip strength, and gait-speed to diagnose severe sarcopenia. The serum 25(OH)D concentration was measured using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. A total of 156 female patients with RA (sarcopenia:44.9%, severe sarcopenia: 29.5%, and without sarcopenia: 25.6%) were enrolled. Classification of vitamin D status at a cutoff point of median 25(OH)D concentration revealed that low 25(OH)D status was associated with a high prevalence of severe sarcopenia and with low measured values of muscle mass, handgrip, and gait speed. Furthermore, multivariable logistic regression analysis identified that low 25(OH)D status was associated with a high prevalence of severe sarcopenia (OR 6.00; 95% CI 1.99–18.08).The same association was observed when the cut-off value was set at 20 ng/ml. In components of sarcopenia, both low physical performance and muscle mass were associated with low 25(OH)D status. In conclusion, vitamin D status was inversely associated with severe sarcopenia, low physical performance, and low skeletal muscle mass. Modification of vitamin D status including vitamin D supplementation should be investigated as a therapeutic strategy for sarcopenic patients with RA.

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