scholarly journals Uterine inflammatory conditions in dairy cows: Diagnosis and treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (03) ◽  
pp. 6359-2020
Author(s):  
PIOTR BRODZKI
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Pathogenic Factor ◽  
Local Resistance ◽  
Preventative Measure ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Period Of Occurrence

The diagnosis of inflammatory conditions in the uterus depends primarily on the severity of the inflammation process and associated clinical symptoms. Because of the period of occurrence and characteristic signs, severe lesions in the uterus, such as metritis puerperalis, are not difficult to diagnose and do not require the use of diagnostic methods other than clinical examinations and, if necessary, additional tests to determine the general condition of the animals. However, in this case, it is important to precisely identify the pathogenic factor and to determine its susceptibility to antibiotics in order to define further treatment. Endometritis is the biggest diagnostic problem, especially its subclinical form, which can be diagnosed only by additional cytological or histopathological tests. These tests, although available, are not routinely performed in Poland at this time. The latest diagnostic methods, such as immunohistochemical tests or flow cytometry, have provided many previously unknown data, for example, on the action of the local resistance mechanisms in the uterus. Since the immune system of the uterus is not fully known, the above tests may improve the understanding of its activity or may help modulate its functions in the future as a potential preventative measure or treatment for inflammatory conditions of the uterus. The treatment of inflammatory conditions in dairy cows is currently based on two basic methods: intrauterine administration of antibiotics and intramuscular injections of prostaglandin-based preparations. The main goal of the treatment is to improve the fertility of cows in the herd, and since these methods are often ineffective, there have been attempts to treat endometritis with iodine-based preparations and preparations containing enzymes (trypsin, chymotrypsin and papain). They did not, however, improve the fertility of cows. The administration of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs to eliminate the inflammatory condition of the uterus and to prevent early deaths of embryos at the time of the greatest risk of embryo loss did not increase the number of pregnancies in cows either. Literature data suggest that immunomodulation and the use of probiotics may be useful in the prevention and treatment of endometritis.

scholarly journals CoVid-19 Pandemic: An Update Clinical Features, Diagnostic Methods, Drugs and Vaccine Race

2020 ◽  
pp. 96-109
Author(s):  
Théophile Uwiringiyeyezu ◽  
Bouchra El Khalfi ◽  
Rachid Saile ◽  
Jamal Belhachmi ◽  
Abdelaziz Soukri
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
World Health ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
The World ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Health Organization

CoViD-19 pandemic is a viral disease caused by SARS-COV-2virus and since December 2019, has spread rapidly in all the world countries; At the end of June 2020, over 10 million peoples were infected in the world and more than 500,000 deaths have been identified. Due to its fast transmission, the unavailability of drugs and vaccines and the asymptomatic patients who still spread the virus various measures were implemented to stop this virus. The studies were carried out to identify the molecular characteristics, transmission methods, origins, and all other clinical parameters necessary to eradicate it. The results have shown that CoViD-19 can be transmitted either animal-to-person or person-to-person by airborne. On March 11, 2020, world health organization (WHO) declared the CoViD-19 a pandemic, there, every concerned country has made the different health measures to stop the virus spread; the confirmed CoViD-19 patient undergoes the validation medicals diagnostics tests to follow specific treatments as time goes staying in quarantine room of the hospital to keep away from contact with others. To treat this pandemic, the world of medicine has tried with previous treatments of other viruses with encouraging results but of course, with doubts about the success of the therapeutic effectiveness and the scientific researches continue until the development of the therapeutic medicine and the Covid-19 specific vaccine. Today, the use of anti-inflammatory drugs was reported like chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine, the antiviral drugs like ritonavir, Lopinavir, ribavirin, and remdesivir and also the glycocorticoids hormones like dexaméthasone to the patients with severe CoViD-19. Different strains of this coronavirus infect humans, bats, and other mammals. Two strains of VOC-SARS have caused outbreaks of severe respiratory disease in humans: VOC-SARS, which caused an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) between 2002 and 2003, and VOC-SARS-2, which since late 2019 has caused a coronavirus disease pandemic 2019 (COVID-19). Even if today, there are not validated CoViD-19 drugs or vaccines. In This paper, we will talk about what we know until today on SARS-COV-2 and CoViD-19 pandemic particularly the clinical symptoms, transmissions ways, biological samples concerned by SARS-COV-2 infection, medicals laboratories parameters in CoViD-19 cases, medication and medicine and molecular diagnostics methods.

Effect of concentrate to silage ratio and hoof trimming on lameness in dairy cows

1997 ◽  
Vol 1987 ◽  
pp. 30-30
Author(s):  
Felicity J Manson ◽  
J D Leaver
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Preventative Measure ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Two Factors

Lameness in dairy cows has both important animal welfare and economic implications. High concentrate to silage ratios may be an important predisposing factor, whilst trimming has been advocated as an effective preventative measure. This trial examined the effects of these two factors on locomotion, incidence of lameness and hoof measurements.

A point-of-care diagnostic for differentiating Ebola from endemic febrile diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (471) ◽  
pp. eaat0944 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Sebba ◽  
Alexander G. Lastovich ◽  
Melody Kuroda ◽  
Eric Fallows ◽  
Joshua Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Outbreak Detection ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Live Virus ◽  
And Control

Hemorrhagic fever outbreaks such as Ebola are difficult to detect and control because of the lack of low-cost, easily deployable diagnostics and because initial clinical symptoms mimic other endemic diseases such as malaria. Current molecular diagnostic methods such as polymerase chain reaction require trained personnel and laboratory infrastructure, hindering diagnostics at the point of need. Although rapid tests such as lateral flow can be broadly deployed, they are typically not well-suited for differentiating among multiple diseases presenting with similar symptoms. Early detection and control of Ebola outbreaks require simple, easy-to-use assays that can detect and differentiate infection with Ebola virus from other more common febrile diseases. Here, we developed and tested an immunoassay technology that uses surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) tags to simultaneously detect antigens from Ebola, Lassa, and malaria within a single blood sample. Results are provided in <30 min for individual or batched samples. Using 190 clinical samples collected from the 2014 West African Ebola outbreak, along with 163 malaria positives and 233 negative controls, we demonstrated Ebola detection with 90.0% sensitivity and 97.9% specificity and malaria detection with 100.0% sensitivity and 99.6% specificity. These results, along with corresponding live virus and nonhuman primate testing of an Ebola, Lassa, and malaria 3-plex assay, indicate the potential of the SERS technology as an important tool for outbreak detection and clinical triage in low-resource settings.

scholarly journals Diagnostic significance of clinical and para-clinical signs of community-acquired pneumonia in children

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-249
Author(s):  
V.Yu. Pasik
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Statistical Hypothesis ◽  
Diagnostic Significance ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Gallbladder Dyskinesia

Annotation. Respiratory diseases are relevant in pediatric practice, which is associated with its widespread and frequent complications, especially in young children. The aim of the study was to assess the diagnostic value of clinical symptoms, laboratory and ultra-sonographic parameters in pneumonia in children of the first 3 years of life. A retrospective study of medical records of 218 children who were hospitalized in the department for young children diagnosed with pneumonia for the period from 2016 to 2018. The average age of children was 11.67±9.97 months and it was within the range from 1 month to 3 years. The ration of boys and girls was practically identical (51.8% and 48.2% accordingly). The first group included children aged under one year (the average age is 4.57±0.84 months; n=88). The second group included children aged from 1 to 3 years (the average age is 18.2±4.25 months; n=130). To characterize the information content of clinical and laboratory symptoms the study has used objective parameters defined as the operational characteristics of tests. The most important operational characteristics of diagnostic methods included: sensitivity (Se, sensitivity) and specificity (Sp, specificity). To check the statistical hypothesis on differences of absolute and relative frequencies, fractions, and ratios in two independent samples, the criteria of хі-square (χ2) was used. While detailing an anamnesis, the disease was more often related to untimely treatment and outpatient care. Various data were obtained on the absolute and relative risk, as well as the sensitivity and specificity of the localization of pneumonia depending on age. Therefore, the incidence of bilateral pneumonia was considered an indicator of risk. On admission to hospital, the body temperature of patients was 38.2±0.66°С. Most of the complaints were on the unproductive or productive cough. Besides, in some cases, shortness of breath and runny nose were mentioned. Thus, in young children with pneumonia, a diagnostically significant clinical symptom is a bilateral lung impression (82.6%), compared with right-handed (15.1%) and left-handed (2.3%), which is significantly more common in children under 1-th year of life compared with patients 1–3 years; laboratory features are probably higher levels of liver-specific enzymes – ALT and AST in children under 1 year; ultrasonographic indicators associated with the presence of pneumonia in young children include increased liver size, gallbladder deformity, the presence of sediment in the gallbladder, dyskinesia of the biliary tract, thickening of the gallbladder wall; children under 1 year of age have a risk of liver enlargement and biliary dyskinesia.

scholarly journals Ketone bodies – causes and effects of their increased presence in cows' body fluids: A review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1492-1503
Author(s):  
Piotr Guliński
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Loss Of Appetite ◽  
Point Body ◽  
Main Component

Ketosis is the most common metabolic disease in high-performance dairy cows during the first 6-8 weeks of lactation. Its main symptoms include an excessive amount of so-called ketone bodies in a cow's body fluids. Ketone bodies consist of β-hydroxybutyric acid (βHBA), acetoacetic acid, and acetone. βHBA is the main component with its share of the total volume of ketone bodies in the blood of about 70%. Clinical symptoms of ketosis in cows include loss of appetite, preference for forage to concentrated feed, and acetone odor in their mouth and urine. Those symptoms are accompanied by a production drop, an increase of concurrent illness (mastitis, metritis, and displaced abomasum), and poor reproductive performance. One of the ketosis characteristic effects is an increase in the level of fat in milk (>5%), while protein levels decrease (<2.9%). In the case of subclinical ketosis (SCK), the fat–protein ratio in milk is increased to above 1.4:1. The current consensus for SCK is to consider a cutoff point of βHBA to be at least 1.2 mmol/L in blood plasma. Ketosis prevention is based on keeping perinatal cows in good condition, that is, with around 3.5 points in the five-point body condition scoring, carefully balancing food doses during the first 2 months of lactation with the correct energy–protein ratio. Glucose precursor products should be administered orally, in particular to at-risk herds. Ketosis occurs in 7-14% on average of the total number of cows in a herd. In general, data on the prevalence of SCK vary considerably, depending on their source. Moreover, the problem is mostly observed in poorly-fed animals with high milk production potential. The objectives of this review are to reveal the current situation of ketosis prevalence, the possibility of diagnosis, consequences in dairy cows and to provide some recommendations for ketosis treatment and prevention.

Difficulties associated with the diagnosis of tuberculous osteomyelitis of the ribs in children

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
M.D. Zvereva ◽  
◽  
S.S. Kanash ◽  
S.I. Petrova ◽  
V.A. Evseev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Mantoux Test ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Tuberculous Osteomyelitis ◽  
The Right ◽  
Tuberculosis In Children

Diagnosis of tuberculosis in children is challenging because of variable clinical symptoms and no specific signs. We report a case of tuberculous osteomyelitis of the ribs, which demonstrates difficulties associated with the diagnosis of generalized tuberculosis in an 8-year-old child (correct diagnosis was established after 1.3 years). Diagnostic procedures included: Mantoux test, skin test with recombinant tuberculosis allergen, computed tomography, pathomorphological and bacterioscopic testing. The patient presented with disease progression and lesions to the lung tissue, pleura, and ribs and did not respond to antibacterial therapy, hormones, and cytostatics. This required repeated diagnosis revision. The diagnosis of tuberculosis of the right 4th and 5th ribs was confirmed after surgery using bacterioscopic and immunohistochemical examinations. The child received comprehensive treatment in a specialized tuberculosis hospital and had positive dynamics. Despite the correct routing, low suspicion for tuberculosis in primary and secondary healthcare institutions has led to an insufficient use of currently available diagnostic methods and late diagnosis of tuberculosis in a child residing in a megapolis. Key words: generalized tuberculosis, children, tuberculosis of the rib, immunodiagnostics, diagnosis of tuberculosis, immunohistochemistry

The application of viral nucleic acid detection and lung CT in COVID-19 diagnosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Hu
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
False Negative ◽  
False Negative Rate ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Nucleic Acid Detection ◽  
Viral Nucleic Acid ◽  
Early Medical Intervention ◽  
Lung Ct

The Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has the characteristics of fast propagation speed and strong pathogenicity and has attracted wide attention of people, medical workers, and researchers around the world. Accurate, rapid, and timely screening and diagnosis of COVID-19 is of great significance to control the development of the epidemic situation and save the lives of patients. Currently, the detection of viral nucleic acid and lung CT is the main screening and diagnostic methods of COVID-19. Nucleic acid detection has the advantages of fast, strong specificity and high sensitivity, but there is a certain false-negative rate. CT result of lung examination is visual, but it is not typical due to the uncertain time of clinical symptoms and the early medical intervention. Therefore, the diagnosis of COVID-19 should include a combination of epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, imaging, and laboratory tests.

scholarly journals Correlation between Clinical Symptoms of Various Colorectal Diseases and Colonoscopic Findings

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Roman Kidwai ◽  
Anup Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Colorectal Polyps ◽  
Bowel Habit ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Colorectal Diseases ◽  
Male To Female

Background: About 30% of patients presenting to surgical outpatient department has lower gastrointestinal (LGI) symptoms. Colonoscopy is a low risk and at the same time investigation of choice in these patients which allows visualization of the entire colon and the terminal portion of ileum. This study was done to find out the diagnostic accuracy of colonoscopy in relation to the clinical symptoms of the disease.  Methods: This was a prospective, hospital based study from February 2014 to March 2019 carried out at Nepalgunj Medical College and Teaching Hospital. The colonoscopy diagnosis was compared with the clinical symptoms and further confirmed with histological examination.  Results: 341 patients underwent colonoscopy. There were 234 (68.62%) males and 107 (31.37%) females with the male to female ratio of 2.18: 1. The age ranged from 16 to 81 with the mean age of 59.63±10.37. The most common presenting symptom was per rectal bleeding (40.34%) the after were alteration in bowel habit (17.30%), constipation (12.90%), hematochezia (11.43%). The least common indication for colonoscopy was unexplained anemia. Haemorrhoids were the most common findings consisting 32.55%. In 19.94% it was normal. Majority had various inflammatory conditions, among them 10.85% had proctocolitis, 2.34% were suspected to have ulcerative colitis. There were 17(4.98%) patients with colonic and 13(3.18%)with rectal carcinoma. 10.55% had colorectal polyps. Out of 111 patients suspected to have hemorrhoids clinically 102 had same findings on colonoscopy. Similarly 34 patients presenting with chronic diarrhea with bleeding and 59 with alteration in bowel habit where inflammatory conditions were suspected had similar findings on colonoscopy in 29 and 34 patients respectively. Similarly the suspicion of malignancy on clinical basis was also correlated on colonoscopy. The inflammatory conditions diagnosed on colonoscopy were confirmed in 85.04 % by histology. Similarly malignancy and the presence of polyps diagnosed on colonoscopy were confirmed by histology in 97.05% and in 97.22% cases respectively. Conclusion: Colonoscopy is a safe and effective investigation to diagnose various colorectal conditions. There was a correlation between the clinical symptoms and the colonoscopicdiagnosis especially in conditions like inflammatory and neoplastic colorectal diseases. When combined with histology the diagnostic accuracy can be near 100% in conditions like inflammatory and benign or malignant diseases.

scholarly journals Molecular Allergy Diagnostics as an Adjunct to Conventional Diagnostics in a Secondary Pediatric Referral Center

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ole D. Wolthers
Keyword(s):  
Peanut Allergy ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Birch Pollen ◽  
Pollen Allergy ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Specific Diagnosis ◽  
Referral Center ◽  
Molecular Allergy ◽  
Ige Mediated

Background: Several compositions for determination of specific molecular components in allergens have recently been patented. The role of Molecular Allergy (MA) diagnostics in suspected IgE mediated allergic conditions is currently debated. Guideline reports have concluded that population- based studies involving evaluation of the usefulness of MA diagnostics are needed. Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of MA diagnostics in a secondary pediatric referral center. Methods: A total of 961 children and adolescents aged 0.2-18.8 (mean 7.0) years was included in a prospective observational survey. Inclusion criterion was a suspected diagnosis of an IgE mediated condition based on history and clinical symptoms and signs. If a specific diagnosis could not be reached from conventional investigations suspected peanut allergy, birch pollen allergy and associated crossreactivity, insect allergy and triggering allergens for specific immunotherapy were assessed by MA diagnostics. Results: Based on conventional work-up a diagnostic conclusion was established in 946 patients (98.4%). MA diagnostics were performed in 15 individuals (1.6%), 7 girls and 8 boys aged 3.2 to 17.8 (mean 10.6) years. In 8 cases a specific diagnosis was established based on MA diagnostics; in 7 cases MA diagnostics could not improve diagnosis. MA were most frequently (N = 7 (14%)) used in children with peanut allergy (N = 50). Conclusions: Most patients in a secondary pediatric referral center with suspected IgE mediated allergy can be managed by conventional diagnostic methods. MA diagnostics may be useful in small and selected subgroups as in patients with suspected peanut allergy, however, may not be helpful in all cases.

scholarly journals Inflammation in the Pathophysiology and Therapy of Cardiometabolic Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1080-1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Y Donath ◽  
Daniel T Meier ◽  
Marianne Böni-Schnetzler
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Metabolic Inflammation ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Β Cell Function ◽  
Associated Conditions ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract The role of chronic inflammation in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and associated complications is now well established. Therapeutic interventions counteracting metabolic inflammation improve insulin secretion and action and glucose control and may prevent long-term complications. Thus, a number of anti-inflammatory drugs approved for the treatment of other inflammatory conditions are evaluated in patients with metabolic syndrome. Most advanced are clinical studies with IL-1 antagonists showing improved β-cell function and glycemia and prevention of cardiovascular diseases and heart failure. However, alternative anti-inflammatory treatments, alone or in combinations, may turn out to be more effective, depending on genetic predispositions, duration, and manifestation of the disease. Thus, there is a great need for comprehensive and well-designed clinical studies to implement anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of patients with metabolic syndrome and its associated conditions.

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