scholarly journals Activities of anti-corruption bodies of Ukraine in the conditions of today: state and main challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (20) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
K.O. Rozsokha
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Or Education ◽  
Abuse Of Power ◽  
Official Position ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Ukrainian Society ◽  
Ordinary Citizens

The article considers the current conditions in which such anti-corruption bodies as the National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine, the Specialized Anti-Corruption Prosecutor's Office, and the Supreme Anti-Corruption Court of Ukraine have to operate. Based on the opinions of scientists and experts, it has been established that anti-corruption bodies now face the following challenges: constant pressure from the authorities, irresponsibility of the majority of people's deputies, which makes it very difficult for these bodies to work; most citizens of our state perceive corruption as a relatively simple way to solve problems quickly. Ordinary citizens are accustomed, so to speak, to solving either complex or simple issues (in health care or education institutions, courts and other public institutions) "mainly through bribes to officials of lower levels of government who abuse their official position, using it for the purpose of illegal profit or for other selfish purposes; obvious abuse of power by top officials, misappropriation of state property, land, concealment of wealth. In view of this, corruption has been perceived for many years by scholars and ordinary citizens as perhaps the greatest threat to the progress of socio-economic development of the state, its formation as a democracy. The problem of combating corruption as one of the most dangerous phenomena of modern Ukrainian society, which has penetrated almost all spheres of life, is extremely acute not only in Ukraine but also in many developed European countries, including Italy, Germany, Great Britain, etc.). It has been proved that anti-corruption bodies have never become independent and autonomous in their activities. They are often pressured by the Prosecutor General's Office, deputies, and interfere in the investigation, which, of course, alarms international partners and civil society

The Social Dangers Of The Crime Of Abuse Of Power Or Position: Problems Of Theory And Practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 72-12
Author(s):  
Shukhrat Khodjievich Alirizaev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Abuse Of Power ◽  
Official Position ◽  
The Social ◽  
Position Article

The article deals with the theoretical problems of social danger of the crime of abuse of power or official position (Article 205 of the Criminal Code), its place in criminal law, its connection with other official crimes. It also analyzes the increase in this crime in public life, corruption offenses and the origin of crimes. Signs of these and other official crimes are highlighted. Qualification issues in the competition of general and special official crimes are analyzed.

scholarly journals Introduction: Corruption, Empire and Colonialism in the Modern Era: Towards a Global Perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Ronald Kroeze ◽  
Pol Dalmau ◽  
Frédéric Monier
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Abuse Of Power ◽  
Empire Building ◽  
The Press ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Modern Era

AbstractScandal, corruption, exploitation and abuse of power have been linked to the history of modern empire-building. Colonial territories often became promised lands where individuals sought to make quick fortunes, sometimes in collaboration with the local population but more often at the expense of them. On some occasions, these shady dealings resulted in scandals that reached back to the metropolis, questioning civilising discourses in parliaments and the press, and leading to reforms in colonial administrations. This book is a first attempt to discuss the topic of corruption, empire and colonialism in a systematic manner and from a global comparative perspective. It does so through a set of original studies that examines the multi-layered nature of corruption in four different empires (Great Britain, Spain, the Netherlands and France) and their possessions in Asia, the Caribbean, Latin America and Africa.

scholarly journals Rozwój zielonej gospodarki w sektorze rolnictwa w krajach Unii Europejskiej i w Polsce w kontekście koncepcji zrównoważonego rozwoju

2017 ◽  
Vol 17(32) (3) ◽  
pp. 195-206
Author(s):  
Łukasz Kozar
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Almost All

The paper presents the issues related to the green economy in the agricultural sector. In order to discuss it, an analysis of the subject literature was carried out and some selected statistical data describing the process of greening of agriculture were presented. The timeframe of the analysis covered the years 2010-2015. The GUS and Eurostat were the source of the used values. Studies have shown that almost all EU countries have increased the area of organic agricultural land in the surveyed period (except for Great Britain). In addition, the article presents the results of pilot studies conducted in the Lodz Region, aimed at diagnosing key barriers to the development of the green economy in rural areas. According to the research, the insufficient level of knowledge of farmers in this area is an important obstacle to building a green economy in rural areas.

scholarly journals Combating Corruption in the Countries of Anglo-Saxon Tradition (Using Examples of Great Britain, India, Singapore and the USA)

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 470-502
Author(s):  
Alexander P Strakhov
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Behavior Patterns ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Cultural Component ◽  
Corrupt Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Attitudes

The article examines the experience of combating corruption in Great Britain, India, Singapore and the US. Despite all the differences, these countries have a common trait that was formed in the course of their historical development: they all share certain elements of the Anglo-Saxon tradition in the cultural, political and legal spheres. The purpose of the research is to examine the influence of these elements on anti-corruption policies. The analysis has revealed that the countries under review apply similar approaches, institutional mechanisms and ideologies to counter and eliminate corrupt behavior, which can be attributed to the shared factor of the Anglo-Saxon tradition. At the same time, the effectiveness of the measures used to eradicate corruption largely depends on economic conditions, behavioral attitudes, behavior patterns that are historically rooted in society, etc. In this context, the cultural component is of particular importance. The aforementioned countries’ analogous anti-corruption practices and tools can substantially vary under the influence of historically established national and cultural characteristics, significantly deviating from their original British roots. In addition, success in the fight against corruption directly depends on whether certain public institutions, whose cultural and behavioral nature dictates them to resist the introduction of new anti-corruption measures, remain present.

The Fight Against Corruption

2020 ◽  
pp. 167-186
Author(s):  
Ranieri Razzante
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Legal Aspect ◽  
International Community ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Abuse Of Power ◽  
The Public

Corruption, generally speaking, can be defined as “abuse of power for private gain” that can be classified as grand, petty, and political, depending on the amounts of money lost and the sector where it occurs. Therefore, it is a phenomenon that compromises rule of law, weakens public institutions and democracy, impacting negatively on productivity and economy. Indeed, because of all these implications, it can be analyzed stressing social, economic, politic, or legal perspectives. These features have allowed experts from different fields to investigate the phenomenon, which does not exclusively concern conduct punishable by criminal law, but also conduct that can be considered just an “expression of maladministration” in both the public and private sectors. This chapter seeks to address the legal aspect of corruption. In particular, it overviews the main anti-corruption measures international community has adopted in recent years. By showing the evolution and steps that led to the actual treaty situation, the Authors offer a hint on the goals achieved and those to be achieved.

Integrity Testing in Poland — Issues, Experience and Practical Comments

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-84
Author(s):  
Piotr Hac
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Personal Knowledge ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Integrity Testing ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Integrity Tests ◽  
Similar Solutions

The aim of this article is to present a subject not widely known in Poland: the tool known as Integrity Testing that is in place in several countries of the world (including countries in Europe). It is used to fight corruption and irregularities in the functioning of public institutions and means the possibility of anti-corruption authorities creating a false corruption situation in order to verify an officer’s behaviour. The motives for the inception of the procedure, its assumptions and the basic conditions of use are presented,and the terminology used is also explained. It shows the positive, preventive aspects of the use of tests and the need for a professional approach to these on the part of the people implementing and performing them. For the purposes of this article the tests described have been divided into four main groups and the criteria adopted have been explained. A comparative analysis of integrity testing as used by institutions in the United States, Australia, Great Britain, Romania and the Czech Republic is also carried out, specifying the key differences between these systems, including how to implement procedures and the possible use of the results. Specific figures are given concerning the number of tests carried out in some countries and their effectiveness. The assumptions used in integrity tests are also compared to current similar solutions in the anti-corruption law operating in the Polish police (Article 19 of the Police Act). Also outlined are the main problems requiring a response before any possible start of work on the implementation of integrity tests in Poland. At the same time it is noted that in the years 2007–2008 the Polish Police worked on a similar legal solution, but ultimately this was not accepted. The article is based on the author’s personal knowledge and experience resulting in a highly pragmatic picture of the issues presented.

The Sustainability of Geological Mapmaking: The Case of the Geological Survey of Great Britain

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Knell
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Geological Survey ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
British Geological Survey ◽  
Geological Maps ◽  
Utilitarian Value

Henry De la Beche's leadership of the Geological Survey of Great Britain in the second quarter of the nineteenth century led to the establishment of a number of key institutions which ensured the Survey of survival beyond the initial phase of geological mapmaking. Considered as a finite activity serving only to fix on paper the spatial distribution of an unchanging physical resource, geological mapmaking alone was never a secure basis for institutional or disciplinary development. The actions taken by De la Beche in the 1830s and 1840s, at a time when public and politicians alike were suspicious of government-funded science, were echoed 150 years later by successors who served governments with similar doubts about non-commercial scientific activity. Whether buried within an empire of public institutions, illuminated in museum collections which spoke of utilitarian value, or conceptualised as an income-generating database of rare data, the continuation of geological mapmaking in Britain relied upon a relationship to, and relevance for, a wider world of politics and practice. Seen in the long view, the British Geological Survey demonstrates that a nation can only make and re-make geological maps if that activity can be submerged within, or repackaged as, a new strategically-valued socio-economic initiative.

Ethnocultural bilingualism in Ukraine as a result of a durable contact between the Ukrainian and Russian languages

2020 ◽  
pp. 346-364
Author(s):  
Tatyana N. Kurоkhtina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Publishing Industry ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Book Publishing ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Book Publishing Industry ◽  
Distinctive Character ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Ukrainian Society ◽  
Main Language

The article discusses the features of the functioning of the Russian and Ukrainian languages in nowadays Ukrainian society. The present language situation in Ukraine is of a great interest for the linguistics and sociolinguistics. The mass bilingualism in Ukraine is considered to be the most characteristic feature of today’s language situation. Almost all citizens of the country are bilingual, which means that they speak and understand, more or less, the Ukrainian and Russian languages. At the same time they also naturally perceive the sociocultural distinctive character of both the Ukrainian and Russian-speaking world. The communication with friends and relatives and getting access to sources of information and cultural content such as books, newspapers, magazines, radio and television creates necessary conditions for this kind of bilingualism. For a long time Russian was the main language of all types of mass media and book publishing industry in Ukraine. However, the language situation in the country is gradually changing. One of the main directions of modern state policy is to establish the formation of Ukrainian monolingualism. The article presents the facts that demonstrate how the bilingualism of Ukrainian society correlates with the choice of a particular language in such spheres as print media, radio, television, book publishing and the Internet.

Toward New Goals for Medical Education, 1830-1850

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Neville Bonner
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Medical Education ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Medical Training ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
Medical Groups ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Many ◽  
Almost All

The years around 1830, as just described, were a turning point in the movement to create a more systematic and uniform approach to the training of doctors. For the next quarter-century, a battle royal raged in the transatlantic countries between those seeking to create a common standard of medical training for all practitioners and those who defended the many-tiered systems of preparing healers that prevailed in most of them. At stake were such important issues as the care of the rural populations, largely unserved by university-trained physicians, the ever larger role claimed for science and academic study in educating doctors, the place of organized medical groups in decision making about professional training, and the role to be played by government in setting standards of medical education. In Great Britain, the conflict over change centered on the efforts of reformers, mainly liberal Whigs, apothecary-surgeons, and Scottish teachers and practitioners, to gain a larger measure of recognition for the rights of general practitioners to ply their trade freely throughout the nation. Ranged against them were the royal colleges, the traditional universities, and other defenders of the status quo. Particularly sensitive in Britain was the entrenched power of the royal colleges of medicine and surgery— “the most conservative bodies in the medical world,” S. W. F. Holloway called them—which continued to defend the importance of a liberal, gentlemanly education for medicine, as well as their right to approve the qualifications for practice of all other practitioners except apothecaries. Members of the Royal College of Physicians of London, the most elite of all the British medical bodies, were divided by class into a small number of fellows, almost all graduates of Oxford and Cambridge, and a larger number of licentiates, who, though permitted to practice, took no part in serious policy discussions and could not even use such college facilities as the library or the museum. “The Fellows,” claimed a petition signed by forty-nine London physicians in 1833, “have usurped all the corporate power, offices, privileges, and emoluments attached to the College.”

General Arbitration Treaties

1912 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 595-600
Author(s):  
Richard Olney
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
The United States ◽  
Joint Commission ◽  
Present Position ◽  
The Past ◽  
Official Position ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face

It is undoubtedly desirable, in the interest of the arbitration of international controversies, that at the next Hague Conference a form of treaty should be presented which, while covering all differences between states, shall steer clear of the difficulties which in the past have wrecked important treaties of that character. It is a matter in which the United States may be expected to lead, having by precept and example so often distinguished itself as a pioneer in movements tending to do away with war between nations. Facts must be looked in the face, however, and it is apparent that the present position of the United States with reference to this subject is not so advantageous as could be wished. No two countries of the world are so favorably situated for the purposes of an arbitration treaty between them inclusive of all differences as are Great Britain and the United States. Through racial, social, and commercial ties ever knitting them closely together, war between them has become almost unthinkable. Yet two trials for such a comprehensive treaty have failed and the official position of the United States to-day seems to be that there is a class of questions which is necessarily to be excluded from any general arbitration treaty. The class covers controversies described as affecting “the vital interests, the independence, or the honor” of the parties. In the English-American treaty of 1897 such controversies were disposed of by sending them to arbitration but so constituting the arbitral court that an award must have the assent of the representatives of the losing party or of a majority of them. In the treaty of 1911 it was sought to meet the difficulty by a joint commission of inquiry empowered to investigate and decide whether a question was or was not arbitrable and should or should not be arbitrated. But neither plan proved to be acceptable to the United States acting under the treaty-making power vested jointly in the President and Senate.

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