scholarly journals Russian Agriculture: Global Positions, Structural Proportions, and Development Trends

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-108
Author(s):  
Sergey Patsala ◽  
Nadezhda Goroshko
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Financial Indicators ◽  
Agricultural Market ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Russian Agriculture ◽  
Substitution Policy

Russians still see national agriculture as a rearguard branch of the economy associated with stagnation and inefficiency. However, the agriculture has undergone significant positive changes over the past decade as a result of large-scale state support programs, import substitution policy, food embargo, depreciation of the ruble, etc. Russian agriculture requires a comprehensive assessment of its current state and position in the global agricultural market. Based on statistical and comparative analyses, the authors assessed the current state of Russian agriculture, as well as showed its place in the national economy and the country's position on the global agricultural market. The research revealed the vector of these changes in 2000–2018 and the main problems of the agricultural development at the present stage. A SWOT analysis shows that Russia has overcome the crisis in the transition to the market economy; the main economic and financial indicators are getting better, together with the most important production segments. Russian agriculture improves as production volumes keep growing and profitability is increasing. The number of unprofitable enterprises has been reduced by half, and the share of individual farms has fallen.

scholarly journals Food security and import substitution In the Russian Federation in the post-soviet period

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00095
Author(s):  
Tatyana Yashkova ◽  
Sergey Kiselev ◽  
Alexey Opokin ◽  
Mikhail Rodionov
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Substitution Policy ◽  
Post Soviet Period ◽  
Strategic Goal

The article is devoted to the problem of ensuring the food security of the Russian Federation and the issue of import substitution in the context of increasing geopolitical confrontation, the adoption of sanctions and retaliatory measures, and the deterioration of the economic situation due to the pandemic. The article examines the dynamics of the processes of ensuring the country's food security in the last three decades. The expediency of using the import substitution policy as a tool for ensuring food security is justified. Recommendations are formulated to optimize the processes of import substitution and increase the level of food security. The authors propose comprehensive measures based on current global trends in macroeconomic development and the state of food security in the Russian Federation. Special attention is paid to the expediency of carrying out large-scale work on scientific justification, strategic goal setting and planning, the development of multi-variant scenarios for the development of the situation in the field of food security under the influence of changing factors, with the involvement of a large number of experts and the use of advanced approaches and modern methods.

scholarly journals „Kormányablakok a kirakatban” Az integrált ügyintézési pontok hazai fejlődésének legfontosabb állomásai

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 75-83
Author(s):  
Viktória Jakab
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Administrative System ◽  
Comprehensive View ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Government

The ever-increasing pace of development, experienced in all aspects of life, has become a major factor of our times. Public administration is no exception to this tendency. I have chosen the government windows (and other miscellaneous administrative bodies operating alongside them) established in the past five years as the topic of my study exactly because of this – their development is expected to remain unbroken in the future as well. During my research, I paid special attention to past and current legal changes, aiming to provide a comprehensive view on the establishment, operation, and evolution of the integrated administration points in Hungary. My study also covers the current state and the expected developments of domestic e-Administration solutions. Finally, I also offer some conclusions and recommendations regarding the large-scale deployment of the planned single-window administrative system.

MODERN TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE VINE AND WINE INDUSTRY IN RUSSIA

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Е.А. ЕГОРОВ ◽  
Ж.А. ШАДРИНА ◽  
Г.А. КОЧЬЯН
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Wine Industry ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Current State ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Efficiency Increase ◽  
Grape Varieties

Обосновано приоритетное развитие виноградовинодельческой отрасли как экономического базиса территориальных образований. Акцентировано внимание на аспектах повышения уровня продуктовой самообеспеченности и обусловленного этим импортозамещения. Проведен ретроспективный анализ современного состояния виноградовинодельческого подкомплекса России, выявлены основные тенденции его развития. Приведены индикаторы повышения эффективности отрасли виноградарства согласно Государственной программе развития сельского хозяйства и регулирования рынков сельскохозяйственной продукции, сырья и продовольствия на 2013–2020 годы, и дана оценка вероятности их выполнения. Проведен анализ факторов, влияющих на уровень экономической эффективности производства винодельческой продукции. Отмечена проблема понижения эффективности производства ввиду снижения индекса покупательной способности денег. Дана оценка производству винопродукции из отечественного и импортного виноматериалов. Обоснована необходимость расширения выпуска винопродукции из сортов винограда отечественной селекции. Определены приоритетные направления повышения эффективности производства винопродукции. The priority development of the vine and wine industry as an economic basis of territories is substantiated. Attention is focused on the aspects of the level increasing of product self-sufficiency and import substitution, resulted of it. A retrospective analysis of the current state of the vine and wine subcomplex of Russia was carried out, and the main trends of its development were revealed. The indicators for the viticulture development in accordance with the State Program Agricultural Development and markets Regulation of Agricultural Products, Raw material and Foodstuffs for 2013–2020 are presented and estimation of probability of their fulfilment is given. The factors influencing the level of economic efficiency of wine production are analyzed. The problem of reducing the actual production efficiency due to a decrease in the index of money purchasing power is noted. The estimation of wine production from own and imported wine materials is given. The necessity of wine production from grape varieties of domestic breeding is substantiated. The priority directions for efficiency increase of wine production are determined.

Cluster Management Technologies as the Tendency for Development of the Agricultural Industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 895
Author(s):  
Gulim Kabikenovna UKIBAYEVA ◽  
Ainura Anatolyevna KOCHERBAYEVA ◽  
Gulnara Rapikovna TEMIRBAEVA ◽  
Gaukhar Amanzholovna DAUKENOVA ◽  
Dana Sultankhanovna KURMANOVA
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Industrial Cluster ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
International Expansion ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Effective Development

The relevance of creating clusters is due to the fact that there is a need to switch to an innovative type of development. To increase the competitiveness of products and introduce innovations into production, the cluster is defined as a system of interrelated forms of various agricultural enterprises. In most countries, cluster development policy is an organizational form of industrial integration. Effective functioning of clusters leads to economic growth and increased competitiveness of the region economy. The main goal of the work is to consider the possibility of introducing a cluster and make a forecast of its effectiveness for the agriculture of the Kyrgyz Republic, on the basis of the chosen methodology. To achieve the objectives of the work, the following tasks were set and accomplished: review the theoretical aspects of the issue under research, conducting a SWOT analysis of the Chui oblast from the point of view of developing an agro-industrial cluster in it, calculate the clustering coefficients, choose a model for calculating cluster implementation efficiency, and propose a scheme for forming an agro-industrial cluster. The ability to create a cluster is calculated using the synergistic effect method. Methods of logical, statistical analysis were also used. The calculations show that the cumulative effect of factors leads to increased opportunities to create a cluster, and possibly in the future, will contribute to the effective development of the region and its international expansion. It is also confirmed that with the introduction of the cluster, the speed of agricultural development in the region will increase. The expected results of the cluster work can be different and depend on the interests of the participants: authorities, enterprises, etc. One of the main estimated results of cluster implementation is the improvement of the region's trade business, stable increase in the level of exports, and import substitution. The creation of a cluster, in our opinion, will contribute to the overall growth of the country's economy, improving food security and exporting competitive products.

Getting to grips with the plant metabolic network

2007 ◽  
Vol 409 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee J. Sweetlove ◽  
David Fell ◽  
Alisdair R. Fernie
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Network ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Plant Metabolism ◽  
Rapid Progress ◽  
The Past ◽  
Metabolic Network Analysis ◽  
Current State ◽  
Engineer Plant ◽  
Analytical Approaches

Research into plant metabolism has a long history, and analytical approaches of ever-increasing breadth and sophistication have been brought to bear. We now have access to vast repositories of data concerning enzymology and regulatory features of enzymes, as well as large-scale datasets containing profiling information of transcripts, protein and metabolite levels. Nevertheless, despite this wealth of data, we remain some way off from being able to rationally engineer plant metabolism or even to predict metabolic responses. Within the past 18 months, rapid progress has been made, with several highly informative plant network interrogations being discussed in the literature. In the present review we will appraise the current state of the art regarding plant metabolic network analysis and attempt to outline what the necessary steps are in order to further our understanding of network regulation.

scholarly journals From Import Substitution to Integration into Global Production Networks: The Case of the Indian Automobile Industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-99
Author(s):  
Prema-chandra Athukorala ◽  
C. Veeramani
Keyword(s):  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Domestic Market ◽  
Production Networks ◽  
Global Production Networks ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Government

This paper examines the growth trajectory and the current state of the Indian automobile industry, paying attention to factors that underpinned its transition from import substitution to integration into global production networks. Market-conforming policies implemented by the government of India over the past 2 decades, which marked a clear departure from protectionist policies in the past, have been instrumental in transforming the Indian automobile industry in line with ongoing structural changes in the world automobile industry. India has emerged as a significant producer of compact cars within global automobile production networks. Compact cars exported from India have become competitive in the international market because of the economies of scale of producing for a large domestic market and product adaptation to suit domestic market conditions. Interestingly, there are no significant differences in prices of compact cars sold in domestic and foreign markets. This suggests that the hypothesis of “import protection as export promotion” does not hold for Indian automobile exports.

scholarly journals Fate of Neuraminidases of Influenza A Viruses

2020 ◽  
Vol 218 ◽  
pp. 03053
Author(s):  
Shaomin Yan ◽  
Guang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Influenza A Viruses ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Pair Probability ◽  
History Of ◽  
Near Future

The current COVID-19 pandemic creates the biggest health and economic challenges to the world. However, not much knowledge is available about this coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, because of its novelty. Indeed, it necessarily knows the fate of proteins generated by SARS-CoV-2. Anyway, before a large-scale study on proteins from SARS-CoV-2, it would be better to conduct a small-scale study on a well-known protein from influenza A viruses, because both are positive-sense RNA viruses. Thus, we applied a simple method of amino-acid pair probability to analyze 94 neuraminidases of influenza A viruses for better understanding of their fate. The results demonstrate three features of these neuraminidases: (i) the N1 neuraminidases are more susceptible to mutations, which is the current state of the neuraminidases; (ii) the N1 neuraminidases have undergone more mutations in the past, which is the history of the neuraminidases; and (iii) the N1 neuraminidases have a larger potential towards future mutations, which is the future of the neuraminidases. Moreover, our study reveals two clues on the mutation tendency, i.e. the mutations represent a degeneration process, and chickens, ducks and geese are rendered more susceptive to mutation. We hope to apply this approach to study the proteins from SARS-CoV-2 in near future.

scholarly journals Agricultural development as a factor in ensuring import substitution and strengthening the country’s food security

2021 ◽  
Vol 935 (1) ◽  
pp. 012005
Author(s):  
N Zotikov ◽  
A Savderova ◽  
E Lyubovtseva
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Substitution Policy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Further Development

Abstract The issue of the need to develop agriculture and import substitution has become particularly relevant after the beginning of mass imposing economic sanctions by the West against Russia, as well as a result of oil prices downturn and shortfall of budget revenues from the sale of energy sources. The policy of import substitution affects the areas of the agro-industrial complex to varying degrees. First of all, these measures affect all areas of agricultural production - crop production, animal husbandry and fisheries. In addition, they apply to the final products of the agro-industrial complex, that is, they regulate the food industry, thus affecting the issue of the country’s food security. The purpose of the study is to identify problems in the development of the country’s agriculture based on the study of Russian and international experience, to consider them in a complex, as well as to assess the impact of the import substitution policy on the development of the industry, to propose measures for the further development of the agro-industrial sector aimed at strengthening the country’s food security.

“家庭农场”是中国农业的发展出路吗？

Rural China ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-221 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Family Farming ◽  
Agricultural Modernization ◽  
The Past ◽  
Chinese Agriculture ◽  
Correct Path ◽  
Peasant Family ◽  
American Agriculture

Early in 2013 China’s Party Central sounded the call for developing so-called “family farms.” A great deal of discussion ensued, in which the dominant view has been to call for developing scale economies in “family farming” through greatly increased transfers of land, in the belief that large-scale farms would help raise both labor and land productivity. The slogan used, “family farms,” is borrowed from American rhetoric and reflects the way American agriculture is mistakenly imagined by many people. This article demonstrates that such a vision runs counter to the logic shown by the history of agricultural modernization throughout the world. It mistakenly tries to force China’s reality of “lots of people and little land” into an American model predicated on its opposite of “lots of land and few people,” and it mistakenly tries to apply economic concepts based on the industrial machine age to agriculture. The vision/policy is also based on a misunderstanding of the realities of contemporary American agriculture, which has long since come to be dominated by agribusiness. The determinative logic in American agricultural modernization has been to economize on labor, in contrast to the path of modernizing development that has already taken hold in practice in Chinese agriculture of the past 30 years, in which the dominant logic has been to save on land, not labor, in what I term “labor and capital dual intensifying” “small and fine” agriculture. The American “big and coarse” “model” is in reality utterly inappropriate for Chinese agriculture. It also runs counter to the insights of the deep and weighty tradition of scholarship and theorizing about genuine peasant family farming. The correct path for Chinese agricultural development is the appropriately scaled, “small and fine” genuine family farms that have already arisen quite widely in the past 30 years. This article is in English. 中共中央于2013年年初提出要发展“家庭农场”，之后全国讨论沸沸扬扬，其中的主流意见特别强调推进家庭农场的规模化，提倡土地的大量流转，以为借此可以同时提高劳动和土地生产率。其所用的口号“家庭农场”是来自美国的修辞，背后是对美国农业的想象。本文论证，这是个不符合世界农业经济史所展示的农业现代化经济逻辑的设想，它错误地试图硬套“地多人少”的美国模式于“人多地少”的中国，错误地使用来自机器时代的经济学于农业，亟需改正。它也是对当今早已由企业型大农场主宰的美国农业经济实际的误解。美国农业现代化模式的主导逻辑是节省劳动力，而中国过去三十年来已经走出来的“劳动和资本双密集化”小而精模式的关键则在节省土地。美国模式不符合当前中国农业的实际，更不符合具有厚重传统的关于真正的小农经济家庭农场的理论洞见。中国近30年来已经相当广泛兴起的适度“小而精”规模的真正家庭农场才是中国农业正确的发展出路。

scholarly journals THE POSTAL SECTOR AT A TIME OF CRISIS CAUSED BY THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mária Rostášová ◽  
◽  
Martin Kincl ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Universal Service ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Post Office ◽  
Critical Situation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Force Majeure ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Postal Sector

The post office has already had to deal with crisis situations caused by „force majeure”. Today, it is a Covid-19 pandemic, and in the past, there have been large-scale floods, tsunami disasters, earthquakes and so on. It is in these critical situations that postal companies are very necessary for society. National postal operators are usually the only providers of the so-called universal service, without being able to refuse to provide any service falling within the scope of universal service. The aim of the paper is to analyse the recorded practices of selected postal operators and national regulatory authorities, which they adopted and implemented during the pandemic. The paper will use the method of excerpting and method of analysis (in obtaining and evaluating information about the current state of the problem) and methods of induction and deduction. The reader will get a picture of how postal companies have behaved in this critical situation. The added value of the paper is the definition of areas that need to be theoretically and practically professionally researched soon.

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