scholarly journals Evaluation of microbiological and physical parameters of water from dental clinics in a brazilian university

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 2-11
Author(s):  
Fábio Barbosa Souza ◽  
Fernanda Pimentel Malta ◽  
Manoela Valadares De Souza Brandão ◽  
Anna Cecília Farias Silva ◽  
Beatriz Ribeiro Ribas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
Dental Clinics ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Thermotolerant Coliforms

Introduction and objective: Contamination of the water used in health care units can induce adverse individual and collective consequences. The objective of this study was to evaluate the water quality in dental clinics of a dentistry program of a university in Brazil, calculating the total coliforms, thermotolerant coliforms, heterotrophic bacteria and pH. Materials and methods: In each clinic, water samples were collected for analysis at different points: external cistern, clinic faucet, dental chair tank and triple syringe. After sample collection, analysis was performed: the presence of total coliforms and thermotolerant coliforms was determined by chromogenic substrate technique, the presence or absence of Escherichia coli by fluorescence in ultraviolet light, the count of heterotrophic bacteria through the number of colonies and the determination of pH. Results: In all studied sites, the presence of total coliforms, Escherichia coli and thermotolerant coliforms was observed in at least 26% of the samples. In relation to CFU / ml, all mean values were much higher than the maximum established by legislation (500 CFU / ml). It was verified a statistically significant difference was found in the external cistern and tap when compared to the chair tank and triple syringe (p < 0.05). All pH samples were within the standards. Conclusion: The global analysis showed that 100% of the samples were inadequate, which classified the water potability as nonstandard in regard to the current Brazilian legislation.

scholarly journals Iko River estuary: Oil exploration and the microbial community shift

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 025-032
Author(s):  
Augustine A. Unimke ◽  
Abiye A. Ibiene ◽  
Phillip O. Okerentugba
Keyword(s):  
Niger Delta ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Community Shift ◽  
Niger Delta Region ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Fungi

The continuous input of petroleum-based and other industrial pollutants along with heightened navigational activities in the inland and coastal waters of the Niger Delta region of Nigeria has contributed tremendously towards petroleum pollution of the aquatic environment. Standard analytical methods were employed in sample collection and analysis. The results showed the mean values of Total Heterotrophic Bacteria [THB] for tidal water 1.44±0.20 (x107), 1.42±0.62 (x107)and 1.82±0.61 (x107)for upstream, midstream and downstream respectively, while the mean values for CUB 1.06±0.12 (x106), 1.30±0.54 (x106) and 1.28±0.46 (x106) for upstream, midstream and downstream respectively. Similarly, the mean values for Total Fungi (TF) and Crude oil-Utilizing Fungi (CUF) were 1.08±0.12 (x106), 1.12±0.21 (x106), 1.18±0.20 (x106) and 8.2±0.78 (x104), 9.2±0.20 (x104), 8.8±0.26 (x104) for upstream, midstream and downstream respectively. For intertidal water, the mean values obtained for upstream, midstream and downstream were 1.24±0.82 (x107), 1.77±0.57 (x107) and 1.40±0.32 (x107) for THB, 1.08±0.92 (x106), 1.08±0.22 (x106) and1.13±0.21 (x106) for CUB, 1.00±0.60 (x107), 1.26±0.30 (x106) and 1.11±0.18 (x106) for Total fungi [TF] and 7.2±0.81 (x104), 9.6±0.4 (x104), 9.0±0.27 (x104) for CUF). While the values for benthic sediment were 1.55±0.38 (x108), 1.68±0.32 (x108), 2.24±0.34 (x108) for THB, 1.14±0.32 (x107), 1.24±0.88 (x107), 1.48±0.90 (x107) for CUB, 1.12±0.31 (x107), 1.20±0.52 (x107), 1.40±0.16 (x107) for TF and 8.2±0.12 (x105), 6.2±0.43 (x105), 1.01±0.12 (x106) for CUF. The results showed that there was no significant difference (p> 0.05) in the mean values of each physicochemical parameter across the different microhabitats and stations. This result revealed the massive impacts of anthropogenic gradients on the biology and physicochemistry of Iko River estuary.

scholarly journals Microbiological and parasitological analysis of sand samples of recreation of the municipality of Sinop-MT areas

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
F. Freitas ◽  
B. P. Deecken ◽  
R. H. R. Pena ◽  
I. P. Tancredi ◽  
B. G. Castro
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
Daily Exposure ◽  
Helminth Eggs ◽  
Recreation Areas ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Thermotolerant Coliforms

Recreational sands are important places for human interaction, despite the risk to public health as a result of being exposed to the accumulation of bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasites due to daily exposure to waste produced by users, human secretions and animal excrement. The objective of this study was to perform the microbiological and parasitic analysis of 16 sandboxes for recreation in the municipality of Sinop-MT. The evaluations included: enumeration of total and thermotolerant coliforms, identification of Escherichia coli and endoparasites research. Of the samples surveyed, 68,75% (11/16) presented contamination by total coliforms and 43,75% (7/16) presented contamination by thermotolerant coliforms. The presence of Escherichia coli was detected in seven (43,75%) of the samples, and no contamination was detected by helminth eggs, but three samples (18,75%) were contaminated by larvae of the filiform and rabditoid type. In this way it is evident that the recreation areas of Sinop municipality have contamination that exposes the population to risk of infections, being necessary a better monitoring and hygiene so that it has an improvement of quality of these areas.

scholarly journals Microbiological quality of shellfish and evaluation of compact dry EC for detecting total coliforms and Escherichia coli

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Vásquez García ◽  
S.H. Gomes de Sá ◽  
G. de Sousa Silva ◽  
J.E. Mejia Ballesteros ◽  
E. Barbieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Conventional Method ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Mean

The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological quality of oysters and mussels grown in Cananéia, Brazil, by analysing mesophiles, psychrothophic bacteria, moulds and yeasts, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella spp., and to compare the efficiency of Compact Dry EC method and the conventional method for counting of total coliforms and Escherichia coli. The microbial analysis showed that the mean values of mesophilic counts were 3.14±0.81 log CFU g−1 for oysters and 3.92±0.90 for mussels; the mean values of psychrophilic counts were 2.78±0.75 log CFU g−1 for oysters and 3.22±0.75 log CFU g−1 for mussels; the mean values of mould and yeast counts were 3.70±0.58 log CFU g−1 for oysters and 3.33±0.81 log CFU g−1 for mussels. Salmonella spp. did not present positive results, and the maximal count of Staphylococcus aureus was 1.7 log CFU g−1, therefore, within the limits established in the legislation. The correlation coefficients between the Compact Dry EC method and conventional method were >0.87 for total coliform and E. coli counts for both types of shellfish. The data in this study show that the Compact Dry EC method is an acceptable alternative to conventional methods for enumeration of total coliforms and E. coli in shellfish.

Evaluation of Colilert-18® as an alternative method for monitoring total coliforms and Escherichia coli in some faecally polluted river waters

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 604-611
Author(s):  
Amanda S. Brand ◽  
Jo M. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
True Value ◽  
Significant Difference

The increase in numbers and contamination levels of faecally polluted water has resulted in shifts worldwide towards methods which enumerate faecal indicator bacteria faster. Rapid methods enable more timely remedial and preventative actions which protect the health of water users. However, especially in the developing world, straightforward methods are also preferred as they reduce the requirement for highly qualified analysts. This study investigates the feasibility of using the rapid, semi-automated enzyme substrate test Colilert-18® instead of multiple-tube fermentation (MTF) in total coliform and Escherichia coli enumeration for South African river water, as one example of a surface water source carrying considerable faecal pollution, which needs monitoring. Spearman rank correlation coefficients (ρ) of 0.83 and 0.86 were obtained for total coliforms and E. coli respectively, indicating Colilert-18® performed acceptably in the pollution ranges encountered. A Bland–Altman plot further revealed that Colilert-18® showed no significant difference (p &gt; 0.05) from MTF values below 100,000 E. coli most probable number/100 mL (estimated true value). Above this level Colilert-18® was found to progressively underestimate E. coli. This inadequacy of Colilert-18® was considered acceptable from a health risk assessment viewpoint as such high counts should have sounded the alarm for preventative and corrective action irrespective of method inaccuracy.

scholarly journals Monitoramento da Qualidade Microbiológica Ambiental em Unidade de Alimentação

UNICIÊNCIAS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Pedro Alves Martins ◽  
Héberly Fernandes Braga
Keyword(s):  
Food Processing ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Teaching Institution ◽  
Air Samples ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
Basin Surface ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Thermotolerant Coliforms ◽  
Collection Period

Restaurantes podem propiciar doenças veiculadas por alimentos, assim, medidas de controle devem ser realizadas. Objetivou-se quantificar coliformes totais, termotolerantes e bactérias heterotróficas mesófilas na superfície da bancada da pia de manipulação, e bioaerossóis fúngicos em unidade de alimentação em uma instituição de ensino, antes e durante o processamento dos alimentos, e após higienização do local de trabalho. As amostras foram colhidas por swab e o ar, pela exposição, durante 15 minutos, de placas de PDA acidificado, em diferentes dias da semana totalizando dezesseis coletas. Coliformes totais (35 ºC, 24/48 h) e termotolerantes (45 ºC, 24 h) foram quantificados por inoculação de diluições seriadas, em caldo VB e EC, respectivamente, e os resultados expressos em NMP/cm2. A contagem de mesófilos (35 °C, 48 h) foi realizada em ágar PCA, e os resultados expressos em UFC/cm2. Os fungos anemófilos cultivados a 25 ºC por sete dias foram expressos em UFC/15 min. Os resultados foram analisados em software ASSISTAT 7.6 betas. Foi verificada contagem > 103NMP/cm2 para coliformes totais durante o processamento, e após higienização, decaimento de 16% em relação à média inicial. Redução de 56,3% foi observada para coliformes termotolerantes. O número de mesófilos se mantiveram ≥ 3 ciclos log, independentemente, do período da coleta (antes, durante ou após processamento). 54,2% das amostras do ar apresentaram altas contagens para fungos (> 50 UFC/15 min.). Os resultados indicam a possível geração de riscos e ocorrência de toxinfecções alimentares. Quando bem realizada, a higienização é eficaz na redução da carga microbiana. Sugere-se melhor monitoramento dos procedimentos realizados pelos manipuladores. Palavras-chave: Aerossóis. Coliformes. Mesófilos. AbstractRestaurants can provide food-borne diseases, so control measures must be taken. The objective of this study was to quantify total coliforms, thermotolerant bacteria and mesophilic heterotrophic bacteria on the sink basin surface, and fungal bioaerosols in a feeding unit at a teaching institution, before and during food processing, and after cleaning the workplace. Samples were collected by swab and air by exposure for 15 minutes of acidified PDA plates on different days of the week totaling sixteen samples. Total (35°C, 24/48 h) and thermotolerant coliforms (45 °C, 24 h) were quantified by inoculation of serial dilutions in VB and EC broth, respectively, and the results expressed as MLN/cm2. The counts of mesophiles (35 °C, 48 h) were performed on PCA agar and the results expressed in CFU/cm2. Anemophilous fungi cultured at 25°C for seven days were expressed in CFU/15 min. The results were analyzed in ASSISTAT 7.6 betas software. It was verified a count > 103 MLN/cm2 for total coliforms during the processing, and after sanitization, decay of 16% in relation to the initial average. Reduction of 56.3% was observed for thermotolerant coliforms. The number of mesophiles remained ≥ 3 log cycles, regardless of the collection period (before, during or after processing). 54.2% of the air samples had high counts for fungi (> 50 CFU/15 min). The results indicate the possible generation of risks and occurrence of alimentary toxinfections. When properly performed, hygiene is effective in reducing microbial load. It is suggested better procedures monitoring performed by the handlers. Keywords: Aerosols. Coliforms. Mesophiles.

scholarly journals Hygienic-sanitary quality in milk and cheese sold clandestinely in the municipality of Sinop - Mato Grosso, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
R. H. R. Pena ◽  
F. Freitas ◽  
B. G. Castro
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
Intestinal Origin ◽  
Thermotolerant Coliforms

Dairy products such as raw milk and artisanal cheeses are marketed in open markets and directly at home throughout Brazil, even with prohibitions in Brazilian legislation, leading in many cases to the production of food without hygienic conditions that can be configured as an important source transmission of pathogens and, consequently, a danger to public health. Escherichia coli is an agent of intestinal origin and, in addition to some strains possess pathogenic potential, its presence in the food indicates inadequate hygienic practices. This study aimed to evaluate the hygienic-sanitary quality of these products to determine if they are suitable for human consumption. Eight samples of milk and eight cheese sold clandestinely in the municipality of Sinop in the State of Mato Grosso were analyzed. All of them were submitted to the Most Likely Number Test (NMP) for the detection of Total and Thermotolerant Coliforms, isolation in Methylene Blue Eosin Agar (EMB) and identification of Escherichia coli by means of biochemical tests. Among the 8 milk samples, 62.5% (5/8) presented levels of Thermotolerant Coliform than allowed by the legislation and 87.5% (7/8) above the levels allowed for Total Coliforms. Among the 8 cheese samples, 50% (4/8) presented values higher than that allowed for Thermotolerant Coliforms and 87.5% (7/8) for Total Coliforms. Of the 80 colonies initially isolated from raw milk and cheese samples, 56.25% (45/80) presented Escherichia coli characteristics. The great majority of the analyzed samples demonstrate a low hygienic-sanitary quality being considered possible sources of pathogens to the consuming population.

A New Technique for Escherichia coli Testing of Beef and Pork Carcasses†

2002 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 192-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. ERDMANN ◽  
J. S. DICKSON ◽  
M. A. GRANT
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Coliform Count ◽  
Beef Carcasses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
A New Technique

A novel technique has been developed to monitor Escherichia coli contamination on carcasses using membrane filtration and m-ColiBlue24 (mCB). mCB is a membrane filtration medium that simultaneously detects total coliforms and E. coli (EC) in a period of 24 ± 4 h. A study was conducted, using a sponge method to obtain samples from pork carcasses and the excision technique to remove samples from beef carcasses, that compared mCB to standard methods. On pork carcasses (n = 77), the mean values for mCB and violet red bile agar were 7.4 CFU/15 cm2 and 6.1 CFU/15 cm2, respectively. The paired t test (P &gt; 0.05) indicated no significant difference between the two methods (t = 0.5; P = 0.6). Samples from beef carcasses (n = 57) were used to compare mCB to both coliform count and EC Petrifilm. Of these samples, 27 were artificially inoculated with cattle manure. The mean total coliform count was 4.2 log CFU/cm2 and 4.0 log CFU/cm2 on mCB and coliform count Petrifilm, respectively. The mean EC count on mCB was 4.0 log CFU/cm2 and 3.5 log CFU/cm2 on EC Petrifilm. When comparing mCB to both coliform count (t = 2.4; P = 0.02) and EC (t = 3.5; P &lt; 0.01) Petrifilm, paired t tests (P ≤ 0.05) indicated significant differences.

scholarly journals MC-Media Pad EC for Enumeration of Escherichia coli and Coliforms in a Variety of Foods

2019 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 1502-1515
Author(s):  
Hajime Teramura ◽  
Aya Ogura ◽  
Linda Everis ◽  
Gail Betts
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Paired Comparison ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Reference Methods ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background: Standard coliform count methods require preparation of agar, the use of pour-plate technique, the overlay of agar, and in some cases, the transfer of suspect colonies to broth medium for confirmation. The MC-Media Pad EC for enumeration of Escherichia coli and coliforms is a ready-to-use dehydrated sheet medium with no agar preparation, no spreader, and no confirmation step required. Objective: Using a paired study design, the MC-Media Pad EC was compared with standard method ISO 4832:2006. Ten matrixes including raw ground pork, raw chicken, cream, cream cheese, ready-to-cook vegetable mix, vegetable juice, cooked prawns, crab pâté, ham sandwiches, and cooked rice were evaluated in the study. Methods: Each matrix was tested at three levels of contamination (approximately 102, 104, and 106 CFU/g). Five replicate 10 g test portions per level were tested in a paired comparison by the MC-Media Pad EC, ISO 4832:2006, and ISO 16649-2:2001 (Part 2) methods. In addition, inclusivity/exclusivity, robustness, and product consistency and stability were evaluated. Results: The candidate and reference methods demonstrated standard deviations ranging from 0.034 to 0.188 and 0.028 to 0.181, respectively, for E. coli counts and 0.047–0.188 and 0.025–0.157, respectively, for total coliforms. The difference of means ranged from –0.025 to 0.331 for E. coli and from –0.037 to 0.372 for total coliforms, showing no practical difference between the methods. The MC-Media Pad EC detected 49/50 E. coli and 60/63 coliform inclusivity strains and correctly excluded 30/32 exclusivity organisms for E. coli and 24/31 exclusivity organisms for total coliforms, which was similar to the reference method. Robustness testing demonstrated no significant change in results when small changes were made to sample volume, incubation temperature, and incubation time. The product consistency study demonstrated no significant difference between lots of product and supported the 1.5 year shelf life. Conclusions: The results support the conclusions that the MC-Media Pad EC is a suitable alternative to the ISO 4832:2006 and ISO 16649-2:2001 reference methods for the matrixes examined and the data support AOAC Performance Tested MethodSM certification. Highlights: The MC-Media Pad EC was approved for Performance Tested Method certification No. 011901.

scholarly journals Iko River Estuary: Anthropogenic impacts and the microbial community alterations

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-196
Author(s):  
Augustine A Unimke ◽  
Anthony A Ibiene ◽  
Phillip O Okerentugba
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Microbial Proliferation

The contamination of the aquatic systems with heavy metals has been on the increase since the last century due to industrial activities and this has contributed greatly to the variations in the microbial community structure and function in the ecosystem. The natural and anthropogenic variations in microbiological and heavy metals analysis in Iko River estuary was analyzed using standard methods. From the result, it was observes that anthropogenic variations influence greatly the microbial proliferation as significantly (p<0.05) higher microbial levels were observed across all microhabitats (tidal water, intertidal water and benthic sediment) as well as stations (upstream – Okoro, midstream – Kampa and downstream – Emeroke). It was observed that the sediment samples produced significantly (p<0.05) higher THB counts than tidal and intertidal water samples. Similar trends were observed for CUB, TF and CUF respectively. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the mean values of upstream, midstream and downstream. In all microhabitats and stations, the densities of crude oil-utilizing microorganisms were significantly (p<0.05) low compared to total heterotrophic counts. The total fungal counts were significantly (p<0.05) low compared to total heterotrophic bacteria counts. The result showed relatively higher concentrations of heavy metals in sediment than in tidal and intertidal water samples. The results indicate that the water and sediment samples show a remarkable variation in heavy metals and total petroleum hydrocarbon as a result of the great human activities in the estuary.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Effects of Holding Time and Temperature on Escherichia coli Densities in Surface Water Samples

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 6201-6207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Misty L. Pope ◽  
Michelle Bussen ◽  
Mary Ann Feige ◽  
Lois Shadix ◽  
Sharon Gonder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
The United States ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Three Phases

ABSTRACT Escherichia coli is a routinely used microbiological indicator of water quality. To determine whether holding time and storage conditions had an effect on E. coli densities in surface water, studies were conducted in three phases, encompassing 24 sites across the United States and four commonly used monitoring methods. During all three phases of the study, E. coli samples were analyzed at time 0 and at 8, 24, 30, and 48 h after sample collection. During phase 1, when 4°C samples were evaluated by Colilert or by placing a membrane onto mFC medium followed by transfer to nutrient agar containing 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-d-glucuronide (mFC/NA-MUG), three of four sites showed no significant differences throughout the 48-h study. During phase 2, five of seven sites showed no significant difference between time 0 and 24 h by membrane filtration (mFC/NA-MUG). When evaluated by the Colilert method, five of seven sites showed no significant difference in E. coli density between time 0 and 48 h. During phase 3, 8 of 13 sites showed no significant differences in E. coli densities between time 0 and the 48-h holding time, regardless of method. Based on the results of these studies, it appears that if samples are held below 10°C and are not allowed to freeze, most surface water E. coli samples analyzed by commonly used methods beyond 8 h after sample collection can generate E. coli data comparable to those generated within 8 h of sample collection. Notwithstanding this conclusion, E. coli samples collected from surface waters should always be analyzed as soon as possible.

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