scholarly journals Methods for estimating quantities and qualities (Q&Q) of faecal sludge: field evaluation in Sircilla, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prerna Prasad ◽  
Nienke Andriessen ◽  
Anantha Moorthy ◽  
Amrita Das ◽  
Kayla Coppens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Technical Data ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Sampler ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Faecal Sludge ◽  
Sludge Accumulation

Abstract Estimates of accumulated quantities and qualities (Q&Q) of faecal sludge are essential for developing city-wide management plans. However, standardized approaches are lacking, and examples in scientific literature make use of diverse methodologies and parameters, making their comparability and transferability difficult. This study field-tested an approach for estimating Q&Q in Sircilla, India, and compared three methods for measuring accumulated sludge: (1) faecal sludge accumulation rate from in situ measurement with a core sampler; (2) faecal sludge accumulation rate with volume emptied by desludging truck; and (3) sludge blanket accumulation rate with a core sampler. Measurements were taken at households and commercial establishments, samples were analysed for characteristics, and demographic, environmental, and technical data were collected with a questionnaire. The median TS, VS, and COD concentrations for all containments were 26.8, 17.8, and 32.0 g/L, respectively. The median faecal sludge accumulation rate estimated with the core sampler and truck were 53 and 96 L/cap·year, respectively. The median sludge blanket accumulation rate was 17 L/cap·year. Continued data collection in this fashion will lead to a better understanding of what is accumulating in onsite containments at regional levels.

Estudio del proceso de lavado de contenedores para eliminar tiempos y movimientos innecesarios, caso: Wash Containers S.A de C.V.

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-36
Author(s):  
Juan Alfredo Lino-Gamiño ◽  
Carlos Méndez-González ◽  
Eduardo José Salazar-Araujo ◽  
Pablo Adrián Magaña-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Business Process ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Process Management ◽  
Core Business ◽  
The Core ◽  
Washing Process ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
The Times

In the value chain it is important to keep in mind the core business of the company, since it depends largely on the competitiveness of the company and its overall performance, bearing in mind that all business indicators depend on it. In this work we will study the washing process within the company WASH CONTAINERS SA DE CV, to improve the washing processes and in this way reduce times and movements in the process leading the company to reduce costs considerably within the operations company daily, having a more competitive operation and with greater profit margin in its business process. Goals: It Improve the logistics of the movement of containers for washing and with it the core business of the company. Methodology: The action research will be applied applying Business Process Management for the improvement of processes in situ, it will be developed in a certain period of time and with that it will establish an improvement projection. Contribution: The improvement of the times for the disposal of the containers and their subsequent use, allows a better competitiveness and with it the income of the company, on the other hand, the transport companies improve in performance in quantity, quality of disposition and with it their income.

scholarly journals Safe and Effective Use of Ozone as Air and Surface Disinfectant in the Conjuncture of Covid-19

Gases ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-32
Author(s):  
Elena Grignani ◽  
Antonella Mansi ◽  
Renato Cabella ◽  
Paola Castellano ◽  
Angelo Tirabasso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Toxic Substance ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Effective Use

The present paper extrapolates quantitative data for ozone virucidal activity on the basis of the available scientific literature data for a safe and effective use of ozone in the appropriate cases and to explore the safety measures developed under the stimulus of the current emergency situation. Ozone is a powerful oxidant reacting with organic molecules, and therefore has bactericidal, virucidal, and fungicidal actions. At the same time, it is a toxic substance, having adverse effects on health and safety. Its use is being proposed for the disinfection of workplaces’ and public places’ atmosphere, and for disposable masks and personal protective equipment disinfection for reuse, with particular reference to the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. Ozone can be generated in situ by means of small, compact ozone generators, using dried ambient air as a precursor. It should be injected into the room that is to be disinfected until the desired ozone concentration is reached; after the time needed for the disinfection, its concentrations must be reduced to the levels required for the workers’ safety. The optimal use of ozone is for air and surface disinfection without human presence, using a concentration that is effective for the destruction of viruses, but not high enough to deteriorate materials.

scholarly journals North Atlantic warming over six decades drives decreases in krill abundance with no associated range shift

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Edwards ◽  
Pierre Hélaouët ◽  
Eric Goberville ◽  
Alistair Lindley ◽  
Geraint A. Tarling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Range Shift ◽  
The Core ◽  
Krill Abundance ◽  
The North ◽  
Living Space ◽  
Warming Climate ◽  
Two Temperatures ◽  
The North Atlantic

AbstractIn the North Atlantic, euphausiids (krill) form a major link between primary production and predators including commercially exploited fish. This basin is warming very rapidly, with species expected to shift northwards following their thermal tolerances. Here we show, however, that there has been a 50% decline in surface krill abundance over the last 60 years that occurred in situ, with no associated range shift. While we relate these changes to the warming climate, our study is the first to document an in situ squeeze on living space within this system. The warmer isotherms are shifting measurably northwards but cooler isotherms have remained relatively static, stalled by the subpolar fronts in the NW Atlantic. Consequently the two temperatures defining the core of krill distribution (7–13 °C) were 8° of latitude apart 60 years ago but are presently only 4° apart. Over the 60 year period the core latitudinal distribution of euphausiids has remained relatively stable so a ‘habitat squeeze’, with loss of 4° of latitude in living space, could explain the decline in krill. This highlights that, as the temperature warms, not all species can track isotherms and shift northward at the same rate with both losers and winners emerging under the ‘Atlantification’ of the sub-Arctic.

In Situ Transformed Carbon Fibers/Al2O3 Nanocomposites Using Cao–MgO–SiO2 Sintering Agent

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 5235-5240
Author(s):  
Hua-Hui Chen ◽  
Jing-Jing Cao ◽  
Hai-Ping Hong ◽  
Nan Zheng ◽  
Jie Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Axial Direction ◽  
Diffraction Peak ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Interface Bonding ◽  
The Core ◽  
Matrix Nanocomposites ◽  
Pan Fibers ◽  
Properties Of Composites

In Situ transformed carbon fibers/Al2O3 ceramic matrix nanocomposites with Cao–MgO–SiO2 sintering agent were prepared by hot-pressed sintering technology in vacuum. In the sintering process, pre-oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers (below named as pre-oxidized PAN fibers) were used as the precursors of In Situ transformed carbon fibers. The micro/nanostructure of composites and interface between In Situ transformed carbon fibers and matrix were investigated, as well as the properties of composites. The results showed that the composites could be sintered well at a relatively low temperature of 1650 °C. During the sintering, the precursors, pre-oxidized PAN fibers, were In Situ transformed into carbon fibers, and the In Situ transformed carbon fibers had the graphitelike structure along the fiber axial direction. The carbon atoms arrangement in the surface layer of the fiber was more orderly than the core. A typical diffraction peak of carbon fiber at 26°, which corresponded to the (002) crystal plane, was observed, and the inter-planar spacing was approximately 0.34 nm. The CaO–MgO–SiO2 sintering agent formed MgAl2O4 and CaAl2Si2O8 phases in the interface between In Situ transformed carbon fibers and matrix, therefore improving the interface bonding, and thereby modifying the mechanical properties of the composites.

RIMurban – A generalized GPU-based model for urban pluvial flood risk modelling and forecasting

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heiko Apel ◽  
Sergiy Vorogushyn ◽  
Mostafa Farrag ◽  
Nguyen Viet Dung ◽  
Melanie Karremann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Convective Precipitation ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
The Core ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Model Setup

<p>Urban flash floods caused by heavy convective precipitation pose an increasing threat to communes world-wide due to the increasing intensity and frequency of convective precipitation caused by a warming atmosphere. Thus, flood risk management plans adapted to the current flood risk but also capable of managing future risks are of high importance. These plans necessarily need model based pluvial flood risk simulations. In an urban environment these simulations have to have a high spatial and temporal resolution in order to site-specific management solutions. Moreover, the effect of the sewer systems needs to be included to achieve realistic inundation simulations, but also to assess the effectiveness of the sewer system and its fitness to future changes in the pluvial hazard. The setup of these models, however, typically requires a large amount of input data, a high degree of modelling expertise, a long time for setting up the model setup and to finally run the simulations. Therefor most communes cannot perform this task.</p><p> In order to provide model-based pluvial urban flood hazard and finally risk assessments for a large number of communes, the model system RIM<em>urban</em> was developed. The core of the system consists of a simplified raster-based 2D hydraulic model simulating the urban surface inundation in high spatial resolution. The model is implemented on GPUs for massive parallelization. The specific urban hydrology is considered by a capacity-based simulation of the sewer system and infiltration on non-sealed surfaces, and flow routing around buildings. The model thus considers the specific urban hydrological features, but with simplified approaches. Due to these simplifications the model setup can be performed with comparatively low data requirements, which can be covered with open data in most cases. The core data required are a high-resolution DEM, a layer of showing the buildings, and a land use map.</p><p>The spatially distributed rainfall input can be derived local precipitation records, or from an analysis of weather radar records of heavy precipitation events. A catalogue of heavy rain storms all over Germany is derived based on radar observations of the past 19 years. This catalogue serves as input for pluvial risk simulations for individual communes in Germany, as well as a catalogue of possible extreme events for the current climate. Future changes in these extreme events will be estimated based on regional climate simulations of a ΔT (1.5°C, 2°C) warmer world.</p><p>RIM<em>urban</em> simulates the urban inundation caused by these events, as well as the stress on the sewer system. Based on the inundation maps the damage to residential buildings will be estimated and further developed to a pluvial urban flood risk assessment. Because of the comparatively simple model structure and low data demand, the model setup can be easily automatized and transferred to most small to medium sized communes in Europe and even beyond, if the damage estimation is modified. RIM<em>urban</em> is thus seen as a generally appölicable screening tool for urban pluvial flood risk and a starting point for adapted risk management plans.</p>

scholarly journals Young Stages of Zeugopterus punctatus

1894 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Bone ◽  
The Other ◽  
Terminal Portion ◽  
Facial Region ◽  
The Core ◽  
Dorsal Fin ◽  
Undifferentiated Cells ◽  
Auditory Region ◽  
The Right

On May 4th of the current year a number of small Pleuronectids were captured by the hand in a pool left by the ebb tide at Plymouth Breakwater, and brought to me alive. Two of them were very transparent, and, from their habit of lying on the right side when at rest, evidently sinistral forms. One of them was almost perfectly symmetrical; while in the other the torsion of the facial region and eyes had commenced. The pigmentation had the form of interrupted transverse bands, which were most conspicuous on the dorsal and ventral fins; on the dorsal fin seven bands were indicated. The terminal portion of the original trunk, containing the notochord, was seen at the upper edge of the caudal fin. The neurochord was covered with pigment, forming a very distinct band, situated, however, not in the skin, but in the connective tissue surrounding the neurochord or spinal cord. The mouth was large, and the snout upturned. The pectoral fin was large, the pelvic small. But the most important characteristic was the presence of two straight spines projecting laterally from the auditory region. These have been called otocystic spines by Prof. McIntosh, but I think they would be more appropriately described as periotic spines, as they are evidently projections of the periotic cartilage or bone; to which particular bones of the periotic region they belong has not been determined. Mr. Holt cut sections of the spines in situ, and found that they consisted of a knob of periotic cartilage passing into a mass of undifferentiated cells, the whole forming the core of a dermal spine consisting of hyaline ossified tissue. In my specimens I observed a third spine, much smaller, situated in the region of the frontal bone, behind and above the eye; it was visible in both the stages.

scholarly journals Anatomical characterization of wood for identification of the Tachigali Aubl. species

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
João Fideles de Brito Junior ◽  
Marta Silvana Volpato Sccoti ◽  
Scheila Cristina Biazatti ◽  
Bárbara Luísa Corradi Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
The Core ◽  
Reproductive Structures ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Main Attribute

In the Amazon many forest species present problems of identification and obtaining botanical material with reproductive structures is not always possible. The macro and microscopic characteristics of the wood of three species of the genus Tachigali Aubl were analyzed in order to determine basic differences among the species. The collection of material was carried at the Forest Management Unit III, in the Flona do Jamari (Jamari National Forest), where we selected arboreal individuals from the species Tachigali poeppigiana Tul., Tachigali setifera (Ducke) Zarucchi & Herend and Tachigali subvelutina (Benth.) Oliveira-Filho, commonly known in Brazil as Tachi Preto (Black Tachi), Tachi Vermelho (Red Tachi) and Tachi Amarelo (Yellow Tachi), respectively, in which the coloring of the core is the main attribute for assigning their vernacular name. Heartwood samples were collected for the making of the specimens. The axial parenchyma was vasicentric and unilateral for T. poeppigiana and T. setifera, and unilateral and sparse for T. subvelutina. Pores were classified as medium and large for T. setifera and T. poeppigiana and very uncommon for T. subvelutina; however, they are medium and very uncommon for the three species. All species showed uniseriate, non-stratified and homogeneous rays. We concluded there are anatomical characteristics that allow the differentiation of the species from the genus Tachigali, which may be used to assist in forest management plans, as well as the surveillance system.

scholarly journals Theoretical insights into expression of leadership competencies in the process of management

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 220-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina Andriukaitienė ◽  
Valentyna Voronkova ◽  
Olga Kyvliuk ◽  
Marina Maksimenyuk ◽  
Aita Sakun
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Development ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Leadership Competencies ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Literature Analysis ◽  
The Core ◽  
Career Opportunities ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Leadership Research

The relevance of the topic is defined through the idea that appropriate leadership competencies and their application in certain activities enabling the followers can ensure the prospects of organizational development and individual career opportunities. To review and summarize the aspects of research findings of leadership science in expression of competencies in managerial processes, highlighting the leadership competencies in the context of general competencies. Methods. In order to formulate analytical findings describing the concept of leadership, generalizing the stages of development of theories, expression of leadership competencies and impact, there were used the methods of scientific literature analysis and synthesis as well as simulation. Results. According to the scientists insights, the article deals with leadership concept analysis, leadership research overview according to development stages. Scientific novelty. The analyzed theme has a scientific novelty, because recently there has been more and more discussion about the importance of leadership, but it is important to analyze the core leadership competencies that would predetermine both the findings of decisions of organizations’ managerial processes and positive changes of individual career in the integration in the activities of organizations. Practical significance. The need in leadership competencies is related to the issues of good leadership in organizations. Aiming to implement ideas of modern leadership in organisations, the leader has to have certain characteristics of leadership expressions, such as ability to communicate effectively, respond to the needs of others, and influence the behavior of the followers directing them towards the achieving of the set goals and implementation of the leader’s vision.

Solvent Assisted Coaxial-Electrospun Poly Methyl Methacrylate Polymer and Study of Resultant Fibers

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 905-909
Author(s):  
Arjun Satheesh ◽  
A. A. Alagiriswamy ◽  
S. Devanand ◽  
S. Nithiyanantham
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Fiber Formation ◽  
Dimethyl Formamide ◽  
Poly Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
The Core ◽  
Pure Solvent ◽  
Core Solution ◽  
Polymer Dispersions

Electrospinning of dispersions with higher viscosity and limited flow may be carried out, based on the solvent assisted coaxial technique, where the flow of the core dispersion is supported by a free flowing sheath solvent. In the present work, the sheath solvents used are chloroform, toluene and dimethyl formamide and we discuss the fiber formation of Poly Methyl Methacrylate (PMMA) (dispersion-25 wt%). PMMA dispersed in chloroform is taken as the core solution and the sheath is pure solvent. The In-Situ effect of different sheath solvents in fiber formation at two different tip to collector distances are studied. The fibers formed are subjected to SEM analysis and the characteristics are analysed. The fiber formation of high viscos polymer dispersions makes the same materials subjectable to electrospinning and further applications.

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