scholarly journals Technical and economical viability of a greywater recycling system employing an integrated preliminary settlement & filtration process

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen ShiGuang ◽  
Chen QiuLi ◽  
Zhang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Filtration Process ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Recycling Systems ◽  
Benefit Cost

Abstract The collection and reuse of greywater has become an important strategy for achieving the goal of sustainable development. In this work, an integrated preliminary settlement and filtration process was developed for treating shower water which was obtained from a college bathroom toilet. The system's pollutant removal efficiency was examined for three different filter media: manganese sand, quartz sand and ceramsite. The results showed that for ceramsite, the average removal of turbidity, CODcr, NH3-N, and anionic surfactant was 93.3%, 68.6%, 78.9, and 83.5% respectively. For manganese sand, the values were 84.6%, 61.5%, 57.8 and 59%, while for quartz, they were 88.9%, 47.9%, 39.5% and 51.9%. A cost benefit analysis revealed that the payback period of greywater recycling systems ranges from 3.16–5.30 years and benefit-cost ratios are in the range of 1.23–1.67, depending on tank size. The proposed system provides a new strategy for enhancing water-use efficiency in buildings in a more decentralised way.

scholarly journals Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) Program Pemberian Makanan Tambahan (PMT) Susu Pada Karyawan di PT. Trisula Textile Industries Tbk Cimahi Tahun 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayu Laili Rahmiyati ◽  
Asep Dian Abdillah ◽  
Susilowati Susilowati ◽  
Dinna Anggaraini
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Cost Rate ◽  
Textile Industries ◽  
Benefit Cost

Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) digunakan untuk proses identifikasi, pengukuran dan perbandingan sosial manfaat dan biaya proyek atau program investasi dalam mengevaluasi penggunaan sumber daya ekonomi yang langka agar dapat digunakan secara efisien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perhitungan manfaat dan biaya dari program Pemberian Makanan Tambahan (PMT) susu di PT. Trisula Textile Industries Tbk Tahun 2018 dan untuk menetukan kelayakan akan keberlangsungan program atau kebijakan dari PMT susu. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif.Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara, observasi, dan telaah dokumen. Analisis perhitungan menggunakan Payback Period (PP), Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate Of Return (IRR), dan Benefit Cost Rate (BCR). Hasil perhitungan nilai NPV pada program PMT susu adalah Rp. 23.534.448,76,-. Kesimpulannya adalah program PMT susu dapat diterima karena NPV > 0. Hasil perhitungan rasio benefit-cost adalah sebesar 2,50 (hasil rasio ≥ 1), artinya program PMT susu tersebut layak untuk tetap berlangsung. PT. Trisula Textile Industries Tbk diharapkan dapat melanjutkan program PMT susu pada karyawan. Data dasar penelitian dapat dijadikan bahan kajian bagi perusahaan untuk menyusun program kesehatan atau peningkatan kesehatan bagi karyawan melalui PMT atau program lain yang lebih prioritas. 

Cost-Benefit Analysis of Seismic Mitigation Measures for Wine Barrel Stacks

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 283-299
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Jaimes ◽  
Gabriel Candia ◽  
Philomène Favier
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Risk ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Wine Industry ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Benefit Cost

This study conducts a cost-benefit analysis of alternative seismic risk mitigation methods for wine barrel stacks. The Chilean wine industry is presented as an illustrative case study in which performance metrics, such as the expected annual loss (EAL) and benefit-cost ratios, are computed for wineries at different locations. By computing seismic risk within a consistent framework, this study shows the value of cost-benefit simulations for defining the best mitigation strategies and allocating economic resources. Likewise, this approach helps communicate information to decision makers because it is presented in a simple and transparent way, even if they are not familiar with formal risk studies. For three-level wine barrel stacks, it was observed that the Cradle Extender® (MS1) prevents a large number of barrel collapses and provides the highest benefit-cost ratio. On the other hand, for six-level wine barrel stacks, the prestressed cable (MS2) is more effective than MS1 as it prevents the barrel stack from overturning. No significant loss reduction is apparent in four- and five-level wine barrel stacks with the use of mitigation strategies; indeed, the mitigation strategies could generate greater losses and, therefore, other alternatives must be proposed.

The costs and benefits of benefit-cost analysis

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
GRACIELA CHICHILNISKY
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Trade Cost ◽  
Benefit Cost Analysis ◽  
Benefit Cost

Among the tools of the economic trade, cost-benefit analysis is the most widely used in policy circles. Asking whether there is a role for cost-benefit analysis is like asking whether there is a role for the weatherman. Of course there is.

Preliminary Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) for Safety Assist Technologies in ASEAN NCAP – Rationalizing the Impact to Road Safety for Malaysia’s Case

2014 ◽  
Vol 663 ◽  
pp. 596-603
Author(s):  
Zulhaidi Mohd Jawi ◽  
Aqbal Hafeez Ariffin ◽  
Yahaya Ahmad ◽  
Khairil Anwar Abu Kassim ◽  
Norlen Mohamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rating Scheme

The newly established New Car Assessment Program for Southeast Asian Countries (ASEAN NCAP) has incorporated Safety Assist Technologies (SATs) in its automobile safety rating scheme. In order for any assessed car to be eligible for the maximum 5-star rating, it should first be equipped with Electronic Stability Control (ESC) and fitted with seatbelt reminder (SBR). However, since these SATs are not being evaluated in their performance by the means of field testing, this paper explains the benefit of having these SATs through Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) which help to rationalize the importance of SATs in preventing road accidents or mitigating severity of injuries. Due to data limitation, this preliminary CBA assessment will only be focusing on Malaysia’s situation and is based on published sources and the authors’ best estimates. This study also includes the Cost-Benefit Analysis on Anti-lock Braking System (ABS), which is the basis for ESC technology, in preparation for its inclusion in the future rating scheme to expedite the vision of making ABS as standard fit in all ASEAN’s passenger cars. The preliminary result shows that all technologies – ESC, SBR and ABS – appear to be cost-effective (benefit/cost-ratio > 3) or most likely cost effective (1 < benefit/cost-ratio < 3) in Malaysia’s road safety situation per se.

scholarly journals Economic Feasibility of Iodine Agronomic Biofortification: A Projective Analysis with Ugandan Vegetable Farmers

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 10608
Author(s):  
Solomon Olum ◽  
Xavier Gellynck ◽  
Joshua Wesana ◽  
Walter Odongo ◽  
Nathaline Onek Aparo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Production Practice ◽  
Vulnerable Consumers ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Managerial Capabilities ◽  
Agronomic Biofortification

Cost–benefit analysis of (iodine) biofortification at farm level is limited in the literature. This study aimed to analyze the economic feasibility of applying iodine-rich fertilizers (agronomic biofortification) to cabbage and cowpea in Northern Uganda. Data on costs and revenues were obtained from a survey of 100 farmers, and benefits that would accrue from using iodine fertilizers were elicited using consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for the iodine-biofortified vegetables. The cost–benefit analysis demonstrated iodine agronomic biofortification as a highly profitable effort, generating average benefit–cost ratios (BCRs) of 3.13 and 5.69 for cabbage and cowpea production, respectively, higher than the conventional production practice. However, the projective analysis showed substantive variations of economic gains from iodine biofortification among farmers, possibly due to differences in farming practices and managerial capabilities. For instance, only 74% of cabbage farmers would produce at a BCR above 1 if they were to apply iodine fertilizer. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis to estimate the effect of subsidizing the cost of iodine fertilizer showed that a higher proportion of farmers would benefit from iodine biofortification. Therefore, as biofortification is considered a health policy intervention targeting the poor and vulnerable, farmers could be supported through fertilizer subsidies to lower the production cost of iodine-biofortified foods and to avoid passing on the price burden to vulnerable consumers.

scholarly journals THE FINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS OF BODABODA TRANSPORT BUSINESS AMONG YOUTHS IN ARUSHA- COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 177-185
Author(s):  
Kepha Luvinga ◽  
Simon Kilasara
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Arusha Region ◽  
Benefit Cost

ABSTRACT This study reports upon the findings on the cost and profitability of bodaboda transport business among youths in Arusha. As used in this study, the term bodaboda applies for a two wheeled motorized taxi which provides ‘for hire’ type transport services to passengers and goods. The bodaboda have became an employment opportunity to many unskilled urban labour and further job opportunity to informal sector workers who wish to switch jobs in search of higher rewards. The questionnaires were used to collect data to 90 respondents from two districts of Arusha region namely Arusha and Meru district. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics and cost benefit analysis. The finding from the study indicates that the bodaboda transport business is profitable with the benefit cost ratio (BCR) of 2.8 and the net present value (NPV) of 8,494,920Tsh for five years project duration. By having the benefit cost ratio and the net present value greater than 1, the bodaboda business is profitable and worth being undertaken. Based on the findings from the study it is recommended that the government authorities and all key stakeholders should regulate, and support the implementation of bodaboda bussiness through formalization of bodaboda associations, assurance of financial supports and capacity building to youths who engage or willing to engage in the business.

A Partial Review of Seven Official Guidelines for Cost-Benefit Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Abelson
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Social Discount Rate ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
The Social ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThis paper reviews seven contemporary official guidelines to cost-benefit analysis (CBA) with respect to eight major cost-benefit issues drawing on the latest edition of the major CBA textbook for guidance, although not complete authority. The guidelines are those by UK Treasury, European Commission, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New Zealand Treasury, Infrastructure Australia, NSW State Treasury, and Victorian State Department of Treasury and Finance. The eight major issues discussed are the issue of standing, core valuation principles, the scope of CBA with reference to potential additional economic benefits, changes in real values over time, the marginal excess tax burden, the social discount rate, use of benefit-cost ratios, and treatment of risk. While all the guidelines are quality guides to CBA, the paper finds that there is room for improved discussion and practice at various points in each of these guidelines.

Cost–Benefit Analysis in Legal Decision-Making

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard O. Zerbe
Keyword(s):  
Law And Economics ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Government Investment ◽  
Benefit Cost Analysis ◽  
Actual Use ◽  
Investment Spending ◽  
Benefit Cost

Benefit-cost analysis (BCA), or cost-benefit analysis, is important in policy and law. This article introduces the nature and history of BCA to provide an understanding of the development of the benefit-cost concepts, objections to the concepts, and their actual use in legal and economic practice. The term ‘benefit-cost’ is used to differentiate from the term ‘cost-benefit’ used by engineers whose approach is more mechanical than terms of efficiency used in law and economics. BCA is seen as a useful tool with some positive predictive ability in determining judge's decisions. It also appears to contribute to greater efficiency in government investment spending.

scholarly journals Energy use Efficiency and Cost-Benefit Analysis of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris) Production in the Irrigated Central Clay Plain of Guneid Area - Sudan

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
Mohamed Hassan Dahab ◽  
Elwaleed M. H. Basheeir ◽  
Omer Ahmed Abdallah
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Energy Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency

The main objectives of this study were to determine and analyze energy use efficiency in sugar beet production, and to make cost-benefit analysis in Guneid area - Sudan. An experiment was carried out using three tillage implements (disc plough, disc harrow and ridger) for land preparation, seven days irrigation interval and mechanical planter. The treatments were replicated four times in a completely randomized block design. The results showed that total energy consumption in sugar beet production was 35099.20MJha-1, out of which 52.33% of fertilizer energy, 18.0% water energy and 9.0% of diesel energy. The energy use ratio was 28.71 and energy productivity was 1.71kgMJha-1. The results also showed that 73.6% of total energy input was in non-renewable energy form, and only 26.4% was in renewable form, while 34.1% was in from of direct energy and 65.9% indirect energy. Cost-Benefit analyses showed that the total return, net return, benefit–cost ratio and productivity of crop were 2689.6 US$ha-1, 990.8 US$ha-1, 1.58. and 35.3kgUSD-1 respectively. Although large amounts of energy consumption for sugar beet production increased the yield, it also caused in problems related to environmental pollution, land degradation, nutrient loading and pesticide toxicity. Therefore, it is important to look for methods and systems that can reduce the negative effect of high energy inputs and to develop more efficient, economical and environmentally friendly agricultural production systems that increase energy use efficiency and crop yield.

scholarly journals Analisis Kelayakan Proyek Investasi Teknologi Informasi menggunakan Metode Cost-Benefit Analysis pada Jumbo Swalayan Manado

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-91
Author(s):  
Ahmad Maulana Fikri ◽  
Bragatama Pertiwibowo ◽  
Dorce Berkat Tandirau ◽  
Enjellia Priscilla Br. Pangaribuan ◽  
Faisal Fachrureza
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Information Economics ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Internal Rate

Setiap organisasi perlu dalam melakukan investasi teknologi informasi untuk memastikan kinerja TI yang lebih baik. Namun, kebutuhan dana untuk melakukan investasi teknologi informasi tidaklah sedikit. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan suatu analisis terkait investasi TI untuk memastikan kelayakan keputusan investasi TI. Pada penelitian ini, akan dilakukan analisis investasi teknologi informasi pada Jumbo Swalayan Manado. Data-data untuk melakukan analisis akan merujuk pada penelitian oleh Rembang, Chandra S. dkk (2012). Dalam penelitian sebelumnya, telah dilakukan analisis untuk mengtahui keefektifan sebuah investasi TI, dimana digunakan metode Information Economics (IE). Pada penelitian ini, akan dilakukan analisis untuk mengetahui kelayakan sebuah investasi TI menggunakan metode Cost-Benefit Analysis. Perhitungan yang akan dilakukan dalam penelitian ini antara lain Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Profitability Index (PI) dan Payback Period. Hasil yang didapatkan dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa proyek investasi teknologi informasi dinilai layak dan menguntungkan bagi Jumbo Swalayan Manado. Selain itu, 3 Bulan 9 Hari merupakan jangka waktu untuk mengembalikan dana investasi berdasarkan perhitungan yang dilakukan. Kata Kunci: Analisis Kelayakan, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Investasi Proyek TI .

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document