Effects of Irrigation with Vinasse and the Dynamics of its Constituents in the Soil: II – Microbiological Aspects

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 167-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
D C. P. Casarini ◽  
R C de A Cunha ◽  
B. Maset Filho

The effects of irrigation with vinasse (distillery effluent) on microbial populations in experimental squares of sugar-cane plantation were studied. The soil was a haplortox, with a sandy clay loam texture. The plantation was at Usina Costa Pinto, São Paulo State. A substantial and temporary increase was observed in the populations of bacteria and fungi. The actinomycetes were inhibited during the initial period. The major chemical compound known to be present in the vinasse is simple carbohydrate, although other complex organic compounds may be present. The behaviour of the cellulolytic micro-organisms was analysed, as a tentative attempt to select a biological indicator. Nitrifying micro-organisms were inhibited during the second stage of the decomposition of the waste. The great microbiological transformations resulting from the irrigation of soil with vinasse did not cause, as expected, a significant elevation in the soil pH.

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 5337-5343
Author(s):  
Nilam Qureshi ◽  
Seungjae Lee ◽  
Ravindra Chaudhari ◽  
Pramod Mane ◽  
Jayant Pawar ◽  
...  

In our current endeavor, 3-dimensional (3D) tungsten oxide (WO3) nanostructures (nanocubes, nanobars and nanobricks) have been swiftly generated via hydrothermal route at 160 °C for 24 h. Physico-chemical characterization of the resultant powder revealed formation of WO3 nanostructures with predominantly faceted cube, brick and rectangular bar-like morphology. The present study was also aimed at exploring the antimicrobial and anticancer potential of WO3 nanostructures. Antimicrobial activity was tested against different micro-organisms viz., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Aspergillus fumigatus. The antibacterial and antifungal activity was ascertained against these micro-organisms by measuring the diameter of inhibition zone in agar well diffusion test which revealed that the resultant WO3 nanostructures acted as excellent antibacterial agents against both bacteria and fungi but were more effective against the fungus, A. fumigatus. To examine the growth curves of bacterial cells, time kill assay was monitored for E. coli, against which significant antibacterial action of WO3 nanostructures was noted. The anti-cancer activity of WO3 nanostructures was found to be concentration-dependent against KB cell line by viable cell count method. In our pilot study, WO3 nanostructures suspension with concentration in the range of 10−1 to 10−5 mg/ml was found to kill KB cells effectively.


Author(s):  
O. Shkromada ◽  
Yu. Dudchenko ◽  
T. Necherya ◽  
I. Abubakari Kavla

In this field, complex disinfectants were contrasted using effective concentrations against bacteria and spore-forming microorganisms. A significant problem for the owners is the emergence of resistance of strains of microorganisms in the existing production and the same disinfectants. Investigation of trusted working concentrations of disinfectants that do not have a corrosive effect on metal structures. According to the results of research and production, contrast is an effective disinfectant for reducing E. coli and S aureus at 0,3 – 0,5% concentration at exposure for 30 min. and consumption of 100 - 400 cm3 / m2. Laboratory researches were carried out in laboratories of microbiological faculties of veterinary medicine of Sumy National Agrarian University. Disappearance gaps and disinfection on the market in Kyiv. Samples were drawn in the refrigerators from the walls, ceilings and floors. Refrigerated chambers made of stainless steel are made up of rubber and plastic elements. Metals are very vulnerable to corrosion with more concentrated acids and alkali. This was taken into account when choosing a disinfectant and its effective organizations. As a disinfectant used the drug contrast (manufacturer PE "Kronos Agro", Ukraine). The disinfectant was taken at a dose of 100 ml per 1 m2. To produce the culture was prepared basic products containing 1000 mg of the drug in 1 ml of distilled water. The experimental solutions were prepared for study with the main formulations developed. Representatives had extraordinary effects. The  disks were leaked through the disinfectant to obtain a zone of retention of high bacteria and fungi. The reliability of disinfectant destroying the micro-organisms of E. coli and S. aureus test cultures was also known. For the trusted production preparations, the contrast at the trusted enterprises was carried out by the rehabilitation of the premises of the educational laboratory of the Sumy National Agrarian University (premises for animals, dairies, refrigeration chambers). Renovation and test activities were performed at 0,1, 0,25 and 0,5 % of exposed contrast with exposure for 60, 30 and 10 min. the disinfectant was consumed 250 cm3 / m2. Upon completion of the studies, the investigated tests were investigated with distilled water (flow rate - 1000 cm3 / m2). Water that has been washed away test products, presented in specially prepared capabilities. Test results for this after disinfection were also investigated with distilled water, which was found on the disinfectant. To study the corrosion activity of the disinfectant used metal plates 1h1sm2. The metal samples were welded to the fifth mark after the commission before and after the study. 0,5; 1,0; 1,5; 2,5 % contrast solutions were used in the study. For comparison, in the experiments used 2% of productive. M. bovis mycobacterial cultures were grown on Pavlovsky's glycerol medium. The bacterial culture was transferred into sterile vials and sterile isotonic material containing 0,05 cm3 / mg was added. A large amount of delay zone in Petri dishes containing 0,5 % of S. aureus disinfectant, 3,5 times S. cholerase 1,8 S. Enteritidis 2 more than 0,5% formal form . Higher indicators of bacterial properties of the disinfectant contrast at a concentration of 0,5%.


1933 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 545-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. Broadfoot

The antagonistic and compatible growth relationships of 66 cultures of bacteria and fungi, most of which were from the soil, towards O. graminis on potato dextrose agar and Molisch's salt peptone agar, were compared with the effect of each on the virulence of this pathogene on wheat seedlings in open soil culture.Of the 21 cultures which controlled the virulence of O. graminis in the soil, only 15 of these were antagonistic on potato dextrose agar, while of the 45 cultures which gave intermediate or no control, 17 were compatible and 28 were decidedly antagonistic. From data secured indirectly, the antagonism or compatibility of the micro-organisms toward O. graminis, observed on potato dextrose agar, did not seem to depend on active alkali or acid more than on other metabolic products. The study apparently demonstrates that the growth reaction of various micro-organisms and O. graminis, associated on the two solid media used, is not a reliable indication that the same micro-organism will or will not suppress the virulence of this pathogene on wheat in soil in open pot culture.


Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (17) ◽  
pp. 3852
Author(s):  
Mozaniel Santana de Oliveira ◽  
Jorddy Neves da Cruz ◽  
Wanessa Almeida da Costa ◽  
Sebastião Gomes Silva ◽  
Mileide da Paz Brito ◽  
...  

The essential oil of Siparuna guianensis was obtained by hydrodistillation. The identification of the chemical compounds was performed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Antimicrobial activity was investigated for four microorganisms: Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 3440), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 4083), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), and Candida albicans (ATCC-10231). The studies of doping and molecular dynamics were performed with the molecule that presented the highest concentration of drug–target proteins, 1IYL (C. albicans), 1C14 (E. coli), 2WE5 (E. faecalis), and 4TQX (S. mutans). The main compounds identified were: Curzerene (7.1%), γ-Elemene (7.04%), Germacrene D (7.61%), trans-β-Elemenone (11.78%), and Atractylone (18.65%). Gram positive bacteria and fungi were the most susceptible to the effects of the essential oil. The results obtained in the simulation showed that the major compound atractylone interacts with the catalytic sites of the target proteins, forming energetically favourable systems and remaining stable during the period of molecular dynamics.


2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-217
Author(s):  
Jerzy Piątkowski ◽  
Michał Świątek

Amphipatic compounds exhibit an antimicrobial action both on bacteria and fungi. It is caused by a penetrative property of hydrophobic carbon chain of the compuound into a plasma membrane as well as by additional interaction of membrane elements and a hydrophilic amphipathic compound head. Bactericidal and fungicidal activity of this compound strongly depends on chemical environmental factors. In general, microorganisms are not as sensitive in a full medium as in a minimal one and the level of sensitivity rises when the amphipatic compounds are presend in destilled water. Similarly, the sensitivity is stronger in fluid than on solid medium. Our researches revealed however that some aminoacids, although they are complex organic compounds, increase the microbial sensitivity to some tested compound. This efect depends on a microorganism and on a kind of compound. The highest hipersensitivity has been observed against yeast-like fungi when arginine was a cooperating aminoacid. The effect concerns <em><em>Trichosporon</em> but not <em>E.coli</em>, not occurs in relation to SDS, quaternary ammonium salt IA, and bisammonium salts. Certainly the effect exhibit QAS, which have simple composition of hydrophilic „head” consisting only of methyl group, attaching to alkilic chain possessing keton group, build of 14 or 16 carbon atoms.


2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-106
Author(s):  
د/ نسيبة عبدالرحيم محمد عبدالرحيم

Since ancient times speculate rights and looking at how creation, creation of the universe or article as well as the creation of life on the planet there are legends explaining the origins of the universe and creation, where she developed theories claim that life originated on earth by chance and perhaps (Darwin) is the most famous of the announced the so-called theory of evolution and development by declaring that life arose as soon as coincidence Pure and evolution of objects from the objects and single-celled objects vehicle was the basis of the conflict and objects powerful is that prevailed and prevail constantly and death that the micro-organisms and even viruses were still living around us, as well as bacteria and fungi, they also have a rolein the preservation of bio-diversity, who became a target of humanity itself finally. And by reference to the Quran, we find that the elements of the story of the creation of man scattered verses are varied and multiple, but in the end, are integrated in a coherent theory describing this attitude, no doubt that this cohesion giving it a lot of the characteristics of credibility and persuasion, as they fill up the blanks, which seeks the mind is always to exploration in search More definitive answer, and stresses that what was mentioned in the Koran about this subject has not invalidated until today any scientific fact established by the researchers, but already proved the Koran every scientific fact.


Nematology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 715-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilian Simara Abreu S. Costa ◽  
Vicente Paulo Campos ◽  
Willian C. Terra ◽  
Ludwig H. Pfenning

Egg masses ofMeloidogyne exiguafrom coffee plants are subjected to a range of microbial populations and these resident soil organisms in the egg masses may affect nematode communities. The incidence of fungi and bacteria inM. exiguaegg masses was investigated and the toxic effect of their volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was tested on second-stage juveniles (J2). Bacteria and fungi were isolated from egg masses on coffee root and identified to species. The nematicidal activity of VOCs from bacterial and fungal strains was tested againstM. exiguainin vitroexperiments. Several bacterial and fungal strains were found inM. exiguaegg masses and produced VOCs that were toxic toM. exiguaJ2. Bacterial strains induced more nematode mortality compared with fungal strains. The continued colonisation of fungi and bacteria inM. exiguaegg masses occurred during the year and their VOCs reduced the viable inocula ofM. exiguaand should be explored as biocontrol agents.


Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1375
Author(s):  
Alexandre Baudet ◽  
Monique Guillaso ◽  
Léonie Grimmer ◽  
Marie Regad ◽  
Arnaud Florentin ◽  
...  

The microbiological contamination of the environment in independent healthcare facilities such as dental and general practitioner offices was poorly studied. The aims of this study were to describe qualitatively and quantitatively the bacterial and fungal contamination in these healthcare facilities and to analyze the antibiotic resistance of bacterial pathogens identified. Microbiological samples were taken from the surfaces of waiting, consulting, and sterilization rooms and from the air of waiting room of ten dental and general practitioner offices. Six surface samples were collected in each sampled room using agar contact plates and swabs. Indoor air samples were collected in waiting rooms using a single-stage impactor. Bacteria and fungi were cultured, then counted and identified. Antibiograms were performed to test the antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial pathogens. On the surfaces, median concentrations of bacteria and fungi were 126 (range: 0–1280) and 26 (range: 0–188) CFU/100 cm2, respectively. In indoor air, those concentrations were 403 (range: 118–732) and 327 (range: 32–806) CFU/m3, respectively. The main micro-organisms identified were Gram-positive cocci and filamentous fungi, including six ubiquitous genera: Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, Cladosporium, Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Alternaria. Some antibiotic-resistant bacteria were identified in general practitioner offices (penicillin- and erythromycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus), but none in dental offices. The dental and general practitioner offices present a poor microbiological contamination with rare pathogenic micro-organisms.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zerife ORHAN ◽  
Mehtap SÖNMEZ ◽  
Arzu KAYIŞ ◽  
Murat ARAL

Abstract Background: The aim of ths study was to determine which micro-organisms are transferred from home to hospital, and which from hospital to home, by the hands of healthcare personnel. Methods: A total of 10 doctors and 53 nurses, selected at random according to the clinics where they worked, were included. The study data were collected in two stages. In the first stage, the study participants completed a personal information form. In the second stage, samples were taken from the right and left hands of the healthcare personnel on entering and leaving the hospital.Results: According to the samples taken, there was determined to be greater bacteria production on the hands of the healthcare personnel when entering the hospital. The greatest production was in the least washed area of the right hand (93.7% on entry, 74.6% on exit). Nurses and those working in surgical clinics were seen to have greater bacteria production on both entry to and exit from the hospital compared to other healthcare workers. Conculusion: The study results showed that just as healthcare personnel transferred some micro-organisms from home to hospital on their hands, they also transferred some bacteria to home on leaving the hospital. With the necessary precautions taken to prevent the transfer of micro-organisms to or from hospital, the prevalence of hospital infections will decrease.


PEDIATRICS ◽  
1948 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-289
Author(s):  
CHARLES F. MCKHANN ◽  
HARVE J. CARLSON ◽  
HARRIET DOUGLAS

THE OLIGODYNAMIC action of metals and metal compounds was noted in 1893 by von Naegeli who pointed out that "definite metals and metal compounds confer in minute quanity of water solutions the ability to change and finally kill cells in a characteristic way." Many metallic elements have been observed to inhibit the growth of bacteria and to inactivate enzymes. Practical application of such activity of metals has been made in the purification of water and in the preservation of tomato juice, of cider, and of hides. Metallic lead, cadmium, and mercury have been noted to exert an oligodynamic action at varying distances from micro-organisms, apparently the result of solution of small amounts of individual ions in the medium. Minute amounts of certain metals have been found to stimulate the growth of tumors in rabbits. Although the virus of poliomyelitis and that of influenza have been shown to be inactivated in vitro by salts of heavy metals, studies with viruses similar to those made on the oligodynamic action of metallic elements on bacteria are not available. Furthermore several metals are now obtainable which were not included in earlier studies. The purpose of this report is to present the results of investigations of the possible oligodynamic action of metallic elements and metal alloys on various species of bacteria and fungi, and on the viruses of poliomyelitis (Lansing strain) and on influenza A (PR8) by in vitro methods. Table I depicts the periodic arrangement of the elements and a list of the metals employed. Materials and Methods Metallic elements and alloys: The metallic elements were obtained in so far as possible as pure substances, but manufacturers' analyses were accepted and no attempts were made to ascertain if there might be traces of impurities present. The manufacturers' analyses of the composition of some of the metal alloys are listed in Table II with amounts of each ingredient stated on a percentage basis.


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