Natural Design and Maintenance of Rivers and Streams: Targets, Features and Conclusions

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (9-11) ◽  
pp. 2625-2634
Author(s):  
A. Göttle
Keyword(s):  
Planning Process ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
River System ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Flood Plains ◽  
Natural Stabilization ◽  
Rivers And Streams ◽  
Ecological Unit ◽  
Natural Dynamics ◽  
Ecological Improvement

Most rivers and streams in Europe have been regulated in the past. By this way the most biologically active parts of the landscape and ecological system, the habitat pattern and the species diversity fell victim to regulatory measures. Natural river design or engineering means giving an optimum consideration to natural conditions in order to conserve, improve or restore the ecological quality of river systems and its flood- plains. The fundamental features of ecological improvement and restoration are discussed especially the ecological unit, variety of biotopesapproved to natural dynamics of the river system, individuality and continuity. Of great importance are detailed ecological inventory and great variation in channel plan, cross section and slope. The experiences with natural stabilization measures and the importance of vegetation as a regular element in river design are shown. The planing procedures in Bavaria and the ecological and landscape issues are discussed. It has been shown that all available interests and knowledge must be integrated in the best way in an early stage of planning process. The success of natural river engineering works depends on a well balanced solution of all interests, specially trained personnel and enough space for natural variation of river.

Arcades City: Early-Modern City Planning Practice of Wuzhou

2014 ◽  
Vol 641-642 ◽  
pp. 616-619
Author(s):  
Ji Li ◽  
Bai Hao Li ◽  
Li Lin
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Planning Theory ◽  
Modern City ◽  
The Road ◽  
Historic City

With regard to planning theory and practical construction of Early-modern City Planning in Wuzhou, the paper discusses the historic city regeneration was adhere to old city structure and regional resource at early stage, and new planning refer to technology of ideal cities in Europe and America later. It also analyzes the urban morphology for the "Road Construction→Historic City Renovation→Experimental Regional Planning" process, summarizes the activities of Wuzhou early-modern city planning and construction has “Arcades City” characteristic.

Association Between Early-Stage Juveniles of Sailfin Catfish (Pterygoplichthys, Loricariidae) and Floating Hydrophytes: Behaviour Supports Species Dispersal?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanh Trung Tran ◽  
Vinh Thanh Nguyen ◽  
Tuan Anh Hoang ◽  
Thanh Nam Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
River System ◽  
Species Dispersal ◽  
Water Spinach ◽  
Stage Juvenile ◽  
Ipomoea Aquatic ◽  
Bottom Sampling ◽  
The Vertical Distribution

Abstract The vertical distribution of early-stage juvenile sailfin catfish (Pterygoplichthys, Loricariidae), an invasive species, were investigated in littoral habitats and the center of channel with floating hydrophytes from the Red River system in Vietnam. Sailfin catfish were sampled from the upper water column with associated floating hydrophytes of the invasive water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and native water spinach (Ipomoea aquatic) and the bottom using hand nets (2-mm mesh sizes). Significantly higher numbers of early-stage juveniles were associated with floating hydrophytes compared to bottom sampling. The association between early stages of sailfin catfishes and floating hydrophytes, especially the free-floating invasive water hyacinth, supports the potential mechanism in the dispersal of an invasive fish.

Comparison of the Aquatic Plants' Purification Effects on Eutrophic Water from Chaohu Lake Area

2013 ◽  
Vol 368-370 ◽  
pp. 282-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Quan Ji ◽  
Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
River System ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chaohu Lake ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
Removal Ratio ◽  
Eutrophic Water

This research has examined the aquatic plants ability of removing N and P with the experiment materials of the aquatic plants in the river system in Chaohu Region. Results revealed that Ludwigia peploides subsp, Vallisneria spiralis, Water Hyacinth and Cyperus papyrus contribute to removing TN in water to the effect which correlates the growth rate of the plants. 1) Particularly, Water Hyacinth, which grows the fastest among the sample plants, effects with the highest efficiency in removing TN, with the removal ratio of about 77%, 6.8 times that of the control group; 2) 4 aquatic plants function with higher efficiency in removing NH3-N than TN, and the plants in Test 8d remove NH3-N up to the removing ratio of 65-92% or so; 3) 4 aquatic plants tend to degrade NO3--N at the ratio similar to TN, and the absorptive effect of Water Hyacinth tops among the 4 plants, while under the same conditions, the papyrus remains the lowest with the absorptive ratio of only 31.7%; 4) and the regulation that the experiment plants remove the TP in water differs from TP degradation, for, in the early stage of the experiment, plants in Test 20d remove phosphorus at the high rate; however, in the later stage of the experiment, the concentration of phosphorus in water remains stable. At the end of the experiment, the phosphorus removal ratio reached 47.2%, while the ratio that the papyrus removed the phosphorus was only 21.5%. These data suggest that the aquatic plants in Chaohu Region can exert efficient remediation effect upon the eutrophic water.

Preliminary Test of Fish Respiratory and Locomotive Signal Using Multispecies Freshwater Bio indicator (MFB)

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad, A. K. ◽  
A. H. Siti Munirah ◽  
M. Shuhaimi-Othman
Keyword(s):  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
River System ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring Study ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Specific Frequency ◽  
Stress Signals

Fish produces many types of behavior as response to stress that cause by pollution. Respiration and locomotion are two main responses that normally produced. As such, study on these responses is important especially for pollution monitoring. Study on fish respiratory and locomotive behaviors was undertaken using multispecies freshwater bio indicator (MFB). Signal produced by fish determines the specific frequency range for respiratory and locomotive activities. This study aims to produce unstressed and stress signals (ventilation and locomotion) as a respond to TSS contamination. Three common species namely guppy (Poecilia reticulata), fighthing fish (Trichopsis vitatus) and Malaysian masher (Tor tambroides) were used and test was conducted for 24-hour period. Result of the study indicates that ventilation and locomotion activities were clearly separated by different wavelength for all species but each species produced similar wavelength for each activity. A paired t-test confirmed that wavelength for each activity from all species was not differ significantly (p > 0.05, α = 0.05). Only ventilation produce significant respond to TSS load and ventilation percentage signal was increase as TSS concentration increase. Similar respond was observed for all species. This study demonstrates that TSS contamination can be detected at early stage and maximum TSS load into the river system could be estimated.

scholarly journals Share-of-Surplus Product Line Optimisation with Price Levels

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
X. G. Luo ◽  
Z. C. Zhang ◽  
C. K. Kwong ◽  
J. F. Tang
Keyword(s):  
Planning Process ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Computation Time ◽  
Product Line ◽  
Nonlinear Integer Programming ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Decision Variable ◽  
Price Levels ◽  
Linearisation Techniques ◽  
Optimisation Model

Kraus and Yano (2003) established the share-of-surplus product line optimisation model and developed a heuristic procedure for this nonlinear mixed-integer optimisation model. In their model, price of a product is defined as a continuous decision variable. However, because product line optimisation is a planning process in the early stage of product development, pricing decisions usually are not very precise. In this research, a nonlinear integer programming share-of-surplus product line optimization model that allows the selection of candidate price levels for products is established. The model is further transformed into an equivalent linear mixed-integer optimisation model by applying linearisation techniques. Experimental results in different market scenarios show that the computation time of the transformed model is much less than that of the original model.

A Biochemical Genetic Study of Zoogeography of Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) in Western Canada

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 617-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Franzin ◽  
J. W. Clayton
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
River System ◽  
Glacial Refugia ◽  
Biochemical Data ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Coregonus Clupeaformis ◽  
Lake Whitefish ◽  
Yukon River ◽  
Central Canada ◽  
Glycerol 3 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Frequencies of alleles of the genes governing electrophoretic phenotypes of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) muscle glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-3-PDH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzymes, the genetics of which were determined previously, proved useful tools for characterizing populations. Malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and hemoglobin electrophoretic phenotypes, the genetics of which have not been determined, proved useful only for discerning differences among large groups of populations. Using all these characters we determined postglacial routes of gene flow among western Canadian lake whitefish populations and related the biochemical data to the glacial refugia in which lake whitefish are believed to have survived the Wisconsin glaciation. Apparently most lake whitefish populations west of the Ontario–Manitoba boundary and east of the Rocky Mountains were derived from a Mississippi refugium stock with some input from the Bering refugium. At an early stage in the mixing of the two stocks, headwaters of the Peace, Athabasca, and Mackenzie rivers and the Fraser River system were invaded. Subsequently, these areas were cut off from mainstem rivers of the plains, and a G-3-PDH allele not found in early emigrants from the Mississippi refugium appeared and spread throughout the major river systems of central Canada. No evidence was found that any Mississippi stock lake whitefish were able to invade the upper Liard River and Yukon River system including the area of the Bering refugium. Bering stock lake whitefish probably emigrated from that refugium by way of headwater transfer from the Yukon River to the Liard River and possibly, by way of the Porcupine and Peel rivers, from the Yukon River to the lower Mackenzie River. Routes of postglacial dispersal suggested by geological information, rather than selection, appear to provide adequate explanations for the distributions of the biochemical characters in present day lake whitefish populations. This explanation of the biochemical data is also in accord with the distribution of modal gillraker counts in lake whitefish populations and also with the distribution of other freshwater fishes in western Canada. Key words: fish, lake whitefish, Coregonus clupeaformis, salmonidae, zoogeography, dehydrogenase, postglacial, biochemical genetics

scholarly journals THE USE OF ONLINE WEB-BASED SOFTWARE I-TREE CANOPY AS AN ALTERNATIVE IN SUPPORTING COMMUNITY BASED ZERO DELTA Q PLANNING

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Akhmadi Puguh Raharjo
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
River System ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Land Cover Class ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Web Based ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cover Class ◽  
Online Web

Zero Delta Q is a policy to ensure that any additional surface runoff due to development does not further burden the drainage or river system. In case of Zero Delta Q application planning at the community level, a software is needed that can help classify and quantify the existing land cover class in area where the community is located. The purpose of this study is to look at the time needed and reliability of the i-Tree Canopy web-based software online in classifying and quantifying land cover classes on one of the sub-catchments in the Pesanggrahan River Basin. The land cover class is divided into six: trees, grasses / undergrowth plants, open area, water bodies, pavement / road and roof of the building. For comparison, an RBI map is used from the same area to see the extent of each class of land cover. Observation of each point requires an average time of 5.2 ± 1.0 seconds. The difference between direct sub-basin measurements using i-Tree Canopy and detailed analysis results from the RBI map is within the range of 0.41% or 0.36 Ha for each individual class of land cover. For a relatively small study area (under 100 ha) and when supported with reliable internet access, this web-based online software is sufficiently reliable in assisting the application planning process to support Zero Delta Q policy.

scholarly journals A Concise Total Synthesis of (±)-Vibralactone

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sepand Nistanaki ◽  
Luke A. Boralsky ◽  
Roy D. Pan ◽  
Hosea Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Total Synthesis ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Ring Expansion ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Valence Isomerization ◽  
Reduction Strategy ◽  
Quaternary Stereocenter

Disclosed is a four-step synthesis of (<i>±</i>)-vibralactone, a biologically active terpenoid natural product. A key photochemical valence isomerization of 3-prenyl-pyran-2-one forges both the all-carbon quaternary stereocenter and the β-lactone at an early stage. Cyclopropanation of the resulting bicyclic β-lactone furnishes a strained housane structure that is converted to the natural product through a sequential ring expansion and reduction strategy. Our concise and modular route to the natural product provides the shortest total synthesis of (<i>±</i>)-vibralactone reported to date. <br>

Challenges for Diadromous Fishes in a Dynamic Global Environment

2009 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Fish Habitat ◽  
Federal Agencies ◽  
State Planning ◽  
The Public ◽  
Rivers And Streams ◽  
Planning Office

<em>Abstract</em>.-Wild low bush blueberries, advertised as "nature's #1 antioxidant super fruit," require about 2.5 cm of water per 0.4 ha each week during late June and all of July when fruit is forming and maturing. To reduce annual variation in production, Maine's blueberry growers began rapidly expanding the acreage under irrigation in the 1990s. As a result of increased acreage and irrigation, average annual Maine blueberry production increased from 15.8 million kilograms in the 1980s to 32.1 million kilograms in 2006. Endangered Atlantic salmon <em>Salmo salar </em>inhabit the rivers and streams in the watersheds where blueberries are grown. Initially all irrigation water was drawn from surface sources and some withdrawals directly degraded salmon habitat. To address this concern, the Maine State Planning Office coordinated a collaborative planning process that included hydrologists, fisheries biologists, and agricultural scientists from state and federal agencies, nongovernmental organizations, and industry, as well as members of the public and industry management. Following this effort, the large growers within Atlantic salmon watersheds shifted irrigation sources to storage impoundments and groundwater. The process also helped moved the blueberry industry to acknowledge fish habitat as a legitimate competing water use, thus potentially setting the stage for their future acceptance of the concept that there are hydrologic and ecological limits on water use in Atlantic salmon watersheds.

1999 International Student Paper Award Winner: Evaluation and Application of a Project Charter Template to Improve the Project Planning Process

2000 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane S. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Project Management ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
System Development ◽  
Project Planning ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Management Process ◽  
Information System Development

Innovation and project management formation are best accomplished in the early stage of a project. The project charter is important to the success of a project, transforming agreements and facts into a documented project management approach. This output begins to organize and document a project's need and expected outcomes at the beginning of the project management process and provides a foundation on which to base project decisions. This paper evaluates the completeness and effectiveness of a project charter template as a project management tool. In addition, a project charter is developed for an information system development project initiated by a hospital-based clinical laboratory, addressing the problem of a complete lack of a repeatable project management process within an entity whose adaptation of formal project management methods is immature. A section-by-section assessment of the justification for inclusion in the Tryon and Associates Project Charter (Tryon and Associates, 1998) adopted by St. John Medical Center in Tulsa, Oklahoma USA, based upon a review of project management literature, is accomplished. In addition, a working project charter for use in the planning phase of one of Regional Medical Laboratory's (RML) current information system development projects—RML Turnaround Time System—is constructed and evaluated. This study of project charter components, combined with the development of a formal planning document for an authentic project in progress, provides an opportunity to introduce, validate, and integrate the concept of a formalized project initiation process.

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